Russia has, however, been encountering technical problems with the development of a new generation of submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM). Submerged test-firing of the new Bulava SLBM (NATO designation SS-NX-30) has been underway since December 2005, but the system has failed seven out of twelve launches (according to generous assessments). The latest failure came in December 2009 and more tests are planned for the second half of 2010. If technical problems are overcome, then the Bulava SLBM will be deployed on board the new Borey-class ballistic missile submarines. More successful tests have been conducted on a modified version of the R-29RM (NATO designation SS-N-23), known as the Sineva, which will be gradually fitted to Delta-IV SSBNs during overhaul. It is rumored that the Sineva may become an alternative for Borey-class vessels should technical difficulties with the Bulava continue.

The delivery platform for Russia's air-based deterrent is the Kh-55 air-launched cruise missile (ALCM). However, there are reports that the air force may be equipped with a new cruise missile in the near future. Russia joined theMissile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in 1995.