U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld (shown in a Feb. 3 photo) said yesterday that the United States supports using diplomacy to resolve the Iranian nuclear controversy (AFP photo/Brendan Smialowski). Iran Agrees to Another IAEA Inspection at Parchin Iran has given an “agreement in principle” for the International Atomic Energy Agency to conduct an additional inspection of the Parchin military complex, diplomats said Friday (see GSN, Feb. 4). There is no scheduled date for the inspection, the Associated Press reported, but one diplomat suggested that it could occur before the Feb. 28 meeting of the IAEA Board of Governors (George Jahn, Associated Press/Boston Globe, Feb. 4)...Full Story

More Arab States May Have Received Nuclear Technology From Khan Black Market Network U.S. officials are investigating whether the international nuclear network formerly headed by top Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan might have been used to transfer nuclear technology to Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries, Time magazine reported this week (see GSN, Feb. 3)...Full Story

Canada, U.S Foundation Sign Agreement to Aid Disposal of Russian Chemical Weapons By Mike Nartker Global Security Newswire WASHINGTON — Canada and a private U.S. organization today signed an agreement to help move forward the destruction of Russia’s vast chemical weapons arsenal (see GSN, Feb. 3)...Full Story

	Monday, February 7, 2005

Bush to Propose $420 Billion for Pentagon in FY06 U.S. President George W. Bush is expected today to propose about $420 billion in defense spending in his 2006 budget, according to the Associated Press (see GSN, Feb. 1). Bush’s proposed Defense Department budget is a $19.2 billion increase over the department’s present funding level, AP reported The Pentagon budget proposal includes $1.6 billion next year and about $10 billion over the next five years to defend against biological and chemical threats. Bush is also expected to propose spending $9.5 billion for homeland security efforts, $8.8 billion for missile defense and about $345 million for the B-2 bomber, AP reported. The expected missile defense request is $1.1 billion less than current spending, while money for the B-2 would drop by nearly $21 million (Liz Sidoti, Associated Press/Yahoo!News, Feb. 4). Back to top

Iran Agrees to Another IAEA Inspection at Parchin Iran has given an “agreement in principle” for the International Atomic Energy Agency to conduct an additional inspection of the Parchin military complex, diplomats said Friday (see GSN, Feb. 4). There is no scheduled date for the inspection, the Associated Press reported, but one diplomat suggested that it could occur before the Feb. 28 meeting of the IAEA Board of Governors (George Jahn, Associated Press/Boston Globe, Feb. 4). U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said Sunday that the White House is “on a diplomatic route” in dealing with Iran’s nuclear program, and that it could take Tehran years to develop an atomic weapon. “It’s fairly clear from the public statements of the Iranians that, that they are on a path of seeking a nuclear weapon and don’t have it at the present time,” Rumsfeld said in an interview with CNN’s “Late Edition,” according to Reuters. “I don’t make estimates, that’s the business for the intelligence community. But they’re some years away according to the estimates, but I don’t know if the estimates are correct or not” (Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, Feb. 6). Meanwhile, the Senate Intelligence Committee has begun to examine the U.S. intelligence on Iran in an effort to avoid poor assessments similar to the prewar intelligence on Iraq’s WMD program, the Los Angeles Times reported yesterday. “We have to be more pre-emptive on this committee to try to look ahead and determine our capabilities so that you don’t get stuck with a situation like you did with Iraq,” said committee Chairman Pat Roberts (R-Kan.). Roberts said the review was just beginning and would take place largely behind closed doors. No judgments have yet been made on U.S. intelligence regarding Iran’s suspected WMD work, he said. A CIA official said the agency would support the review. “We will, as usual, be working closely with the committee in this effort,” the official said (Miller/Drogin, Los Angeles Times, Feb. 6). U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney yesterday voiced support for European diplomatic effort to persuade Iran to abandon its nuclear program, but said the administration has not “eliminated any alternative,” Agence France-Presse reported. “(The Iranians) know very well that we do not want them to acquire nuclear weapons, nor does the civilized world,” he said. “I can’t think of anybody who’s eager to see the Iranians develop that kind of capability.” “Now, we are moving to support efforts to resolve it diplomatically,” Cheney said. “If this process breaks down, the next step probably is (to) go to back to the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency and ultimately refer to the United Nations Security Council for the imposition of international sanctions on Iran,” he added (Agence France-Presse/Yahoo!News, Feb. 6). Iran has rejected European calls to abandon its uranium enrichment-related activities ahead of another round of talks set to begin tomorrow in Geneva, Iranian and Western diplomats told Reuters. “The Europeans know that cessation (of uranium enrichment) doesn’t work,” an Iranian negotiator said. “We have to reach a solution on the nuclear issue that is acceptable to both sides, not just one side” (Louis Charbonneau, Reuters, Feb. 6). “This week’s negotiations with the Europeans are the most important part of the nuclear negotiations,” said Gholamreza Aghazadeh, head of Iran’s atomic energy agency. “The conclusion of three months of nuclear negotiations is close, and the Europeans this week should more clearly tell us their plans,” he added. “We are expecting the negotiations to be serious and meaningful” (Agence France-Presse/SpaceWar.com, Feb. 7). Elsewhere, Israeli Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz, said there was no discussion of a possible Israeli military strike on Iran during his meeting Monday with visiting U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, the Associated Press reported. “We see eye to eye that diplomacy is correct at this time,” Mofaz said (Associated Press/Scotsman.com, Feb. 7). Back to top       More Arab States May Have Received Nuclear Technology From Khan Black Market Network U.S. officials are investigating whether the international nuclear network formerly headed by top Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan might have been used to transfer nuclear technology to Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries, Time magazine reported this week (see GSN, Feb. 3). U.S. investigators have submitted questions to Khan, who has been under house arrest since confessing last year to orchestrating the network that transferred nuclear technology to Iran, Libya and North Korea, as to whether Tehran and Pyongyang may have retransferred such items, according to Time. The fear is that one of the client nations might have passed nuclear technology or know-how to terrorists. Pakistan, however has not allowed either the United States or the International Atomic Energy Agency to question Khan directly. During a White House meeting in December, U.S. President George W. Bush told Pakistani President Gen. Pervez Musharraf that he believed Khan had not provided full information on the network, according to sources. While Musharraf agreed, he still would not allow non-Pakistani officials to interrogate Khan, Time reported. Most of the nuclear network is still in place, according to sources close to the Khan Research Laboratories, Pakistan’s top nuclear facility, and a recent investigation of the facility discovered 16 containers of uranium hexafluoride gas missing, sources close to the laboratory said. “Nothing has changed,” a former aide to Khan said. “The hardware is still available, and the network hasn’t stopped” (Powell/McGirk, Time, Feb. 14). Pakistan today denied Time’s report that the Khan network might have been used to transfer nuclear technology to Saudi Arabia. “The story is without facts and baseless,” Information Minister Sheikh Rashid said (Agence France-Presse/SpaceWar.com, Feb. 7). Time also reported this week that Khan might have been caught through the aid of a mole inside his organization — the man described as the managing director of the network, Sri Lankan national Buhary Syed Abu Tahir.  “(The U.S.) made a compromise with him,” said a Libyan source. “He will be safe.  They won’t touch him, but he had to cooperate.” Tahir was arrested in Malaysia last year and has been held under a law allowing for infinite detention of those deemed to pose a security threat. He has provided a large amount of information to local authorities on the network, especially in regard to Iran and Libya, Time reported. Malaysia has decided to allow IAEA investigators to directly interrogate Tahir, the agency said last week (Time). Back to top       U.S. Scientists Redesigning Nuclear Weapons The U.S. Congress approved funding in November to begin designing more reliable, longer lasting nuclear warheads, the New York Times reported today (see GSN, Feb. 4). The $9 million Reliable Replacement Warhead program could allow for cuts in the arsenal and lower maintenance costs, officials said. Warhead designers at Los Alamos, Lawrence Livermore and Sandia national laboratories are expected to produce complete designs in the next 5 to 10 years. The approximately 10,000 nuclear warheads in the U.S. arsenal had a life expectancy of about 15 years when they were built, officials said; the average age of a U.S. warhead is now about 20 years. “Our labs have been thinking about this problem off and on for 20 years,” said John Harvey, director of policy planning at the National Nuclear Security Administration. “The goal is to see if we can make smarter, cheaper and more easily manufactured designs that we can readily certify as safe and reliable for the indefinite future — and do so without nuclear testing.” Representative Dave Hobson (R-Ohio), chairman of the House Appropriations Energy and Water Subcommittee, said Thursday the program could allow for significant reductions in the U.S. nuclear arsenal, according to the Times. “A more robust replacement warhead, from a reliability standpoint will provide a hedge that is currently provided by retaining thousands of unnecessary warheads,” he said. Arms control advocates however, said the program was unnecessary and potentially dangerous. “The existing stockpile is safe and reliable by all standards,” said Daryl Kimball, executive director of the Arms Control Association. “So to design a new warhead that is even more robust is a redundant activity that could be a pretext for designing a weapon that has a new military mission.” New warhead designs might have to undergo underground testing for reliability, ending the long-standing U.S. moratorium on nuclear weapons testing and potentially spurring other nations to conduct their own tests, critics argue. It is too early to assess the program’s potential pros and cons, said Robert Norris, a nuclear expert at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “These are big decisions,” Norris said. “They could backfire and come back to haunt us” (William Broad, New York Times, Feb. 7). Back to top       Bahamas Signs Nuclear Test Ban Treaty The Bahamas signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty on Friday, the CTBT Organization announced (see GSN, June 11, 2004). The signature of the Bahamas brings the total number of signatories to 175 — 28 of those in Latin America and the Caribbean region. To date, 120 states have ratified the treaty, including 33 of the 44 nations needed to bring the pact into force (CTBTO release, Feb. 7). Back to top       Former U.S. Officials Back Bush Administration Claims on North Korea Uranium Program U.S. allegations that North Korea has a uranium-based nuclear weapons program are supported by significant evidence, according to two former U.S. officials, Reuters reported (see GSN, Feb. 4). Mitchell Reiss, a former senior-level Bush administration appointee to the State Department, and Robert Gallucci, the Clinton administration’s top negotiator with North Korea, co-authored an article in the March-April issue of Foreign Affairs magazine. Their piece disputes arguments made last year in the same magazine by Asia expert Selig Harrison (see GSN, Dec. 10, 2004), who wrote that the Bush administration is “seriously exaggerating the danger that Pyongyang is secretly making uranium-based nuclear weapons.” The United States “for a number of years has had well-founded suspicions that North Korea has been working on the enrichment of uranium,” Reiss and Gallucci wrote. In mid-2002 officials “obtained clear evidence that North Korea had acquired material and equipment for a centrifuge facility that, when complete, could produce enough weapons-grade uranium for two or more nuclear weapons per year,” their article states. It adds that Pakistani scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan’s nuclear network provided Pyongyang with centrifuge prototypes and blueprints, while a German firm supplied aluminum tubes that could be used in centrifuges (Carol Giacomo, Reuters, Feb. 5). Meanwhile, U.S. President George W. Bush and South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun on Friday discussed the potential resumption of six-party talks on the North Korean nuclear issue, Agence France-Presse reported. Bush also called Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi on Thursday to discuss the talks, said White House spokesman Scott McClellan (Agence France-Presse/Yahoo!News, Feb. 5). Back to top       IAEA Preparing Report on Egyptian Nuclear Work Egypt’s past undeclared nuclear experiments are set to be a special topic of consideration during the next scheduled meeting later this month of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Board of Governors, diplomats said Friday (see GSN, Jan. 26). Egypt’s undeclared nuclear experiments, which involved the production of uranium metal and the first stages of uranium enrichment, were small scale, a diplomat told Agence France-Presse. “There are a number of little failures” in honoring international reporting safeguards, the diplomat said. The next meeting of the IAEA board, set to begin Feb. 28, will also be the first in almost two years in which Iran’s nuclear efforts will not be a topic of special consideration, AFP reported (Agence France-Presse/TurkishPress.com, Feb. 4). Back to top       British University Helps Redirect Former Soviet Weapons Scientists to Commercial Work Former Soviet nuclear weapons scientists are taking part in a course offered by a British university to help them gain peaceful civilian work, the Press Association reported today (see GSN, Nov. 17, 2004) Among those participating in the four-week course, held at De Montfort University in Leicester, are scientists from Russia’s closed nuclear cities, as well as scientists from nuclear institutes in Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan, according to PA. Course participants will learn how to prepare commercial correspondence, use the Internet for business purposes and devise market strategies, among other information, PA reported. The course was first offered last year. “We live in new times with a new direction four our country to a market economy. More and more of my job is committed not to science and physics but to new products that [are] interesting for our population,” said student Kairat Kadyrzhanov, director of the Institute for Nuclear Physics in Kazakhstan (Tim Walsh, Press Association, Feb. 7). Back to top       Indian Police Reportedly Recover Uranium Indian police reportedly discovered weapon-grade uranium late last year while arresting two drug trafficking suspects, Agence France-Presse reported Saturday (see GSN, Aug. 25, 2004). The Times of India newspaper reported that police discovered 8.8 ounces of “99 percent uranium” in a lead-lined box during the arrest, which occurred in late December in northern India, AFP reported. “I will not hazard a guess about where the uranium was headed,” said director general of police R.P. Singh. “A number of top investigating agencies are currently looking into that.” Sources told the Times that the uranium might have come from India’s Narora nuclear facility in Bulandshahr (Agence France-Presse/Yahoo!News, Feb. 5). Back to top       Russia to Prepare Draft Laws on Nuclear Weapons, Radiological Security Russian lawmakers this year are expected to work on several pieces of legislation concerning nuclear weapons and radiological security, ITAR-Tass reported today (see GSN, Jan. 31). In the second half of the year, the Russian government is expected to prepare a draft law entitled, “On the basic principles for regulating activities in the field of nuclear weapons,” ITAR-Tass reported. Other draft laws set to be prepared this year include legislation on taking inventory and monitoring radioactive materials and waste and on listing nuclear and radiological facilities to be protected by troops from the Russian Interior Ministry (ITAR-Tass/BBC Monitoring International, Feb. 7). Back to top

FBI Searches Home of Florida Man for Ricin The FBI searched the home of a Florida man last week, looking for ricin and salmonella samples, according to the man’s attorney, the Associated Press reported (see GSN, Feb. 3). “They were making some vague allegations of a threat. We deny it,” said Charles Holloman, attorney for Tony Montgomery, a registered nurse and recently fired hospital employee. “Some of the questions they were asking were making a mountain out of a molehill. They were trying to attach a sinister purpose to household items.” Agents took from the home a computer, notes, part of a sink and jars of canned beef Montgomery prepared five years ago in case of Y2K troubles, Holloman told AP (Associated Press/Miami Herald, Feb. 4). Back to top       Some U.S. Troops “Mistakenly Vaccinated” for Anthrax After Court-Ordered Halt The U.S. Defense Department inoculated more than 900 military personnel for anthrax, even after suspending vaccinations in the wake of a court-ordered halt to the mandatory program, the Associated Press reported last week (see GSN, Feb. 2). The Pentagon acknowledged that 931 people were “mistakenly vaccinated” after the Oct. 27 court-ordered suspension. The Defense Department “recognizes and takes seriously its obligations to cease all inoculations and is redoubling its efforts” to follow the court order, according to a Justice Department court filing (Mark Sherman, Associated Press/Yahoo!News, Feb. 1). Back to top       Experts Question Federal Initiative for Medicine Delivery in Cities After Potential Terrorist Attack The Bush administration is pressing 21 U.S. cities to develop plans for door-do-door delivery of medicines in case of a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction, the New York Times reported today (see GSN, May 21, 2004). The $27 million Cities Readiness Initiative, an eight-month pilot program announced by the U.S. Health and Human Services Department in May 2004, designated $12 million for the U.S. Postal Service to recruit and train volunteer carriers to deliver drugs from the strategic national stockpile following a possible WMD event. The initiative partly arises from fears of an anthrax attack, said William Raub, a Health and Human Services emergency preparedness official. “There are chemicals of a very similar nature sprayed over entire national forests to kill gypsy moths,” he said. “We now realize that an outdoor anthrax release over a city would not be difficult at all.” New York and 10 other cities have expressed interest in the postal worker plan, according to the Times, but city officials and U.S. Postal Service representatives are still discussing details of such an effort. “Postal carriers signed up to carry the mail in times of rain, sleet or snow, not anthrax,” said David Heyman, a bioterrorism specialist at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “If there are questions of whether medical personnel would even show up to work under such conditions, it’s certainly not clear that postal carriers would.” Studies conducted by the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University predict that about 35 percent of New York hospital employees would stay away from work following a biological or radiological attack. Concerns about home delivery include possible theft of medicine from mailboxes and whether people would even be there when the drugs arrived, the Times reported. “Estimates indicate that about a third of the population would follow orders if told to shelter in place, a third would head for the hills, and a third would hang around to help mobilize relief efforts,” said Stephen Prior, the director of the National Security Health Policy Center at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. “But these are the types of variables that we have to start figuring out” (Ian Urbina, New York Times, Feb. 7). Back to top

Canada, U.S Foundation Sign Agreement to Aid Disposal of Russian Chemical Weapons By Mike Nartker Global Security Newswire WASHINGTON — Canada and a private U.S. organization today signed an agreement to help move forward the destruction of Russia’s vast chemical weapons arsenal (see GSN, Feb. 3). Under the agreement, the Nuclear Threat Initiative will provide $1 million to support the construction of a chemical weapons disposal facility near the Russian town of Shchuchye. The site contains about 2 million munitions filled with nerve agents such as sarin and VX, enough “to kill everyone on the face of the Earth several times over,” said NTI Co-Chairman and former U.S. Senator Sam Nunn. Nunn and Canadian Ambassador to the United States Michael Kergin signed the agreement during a ceremony at the National Press Club. “These dangerous weapons need to be destroyed as quickly as possible, and I am pleased that we could partner with the Canadian government on this important project,” Nunn said in a statement. The NTI grant will be used to construct a railroad bridge over the Miass River, which will be part of an 11-mile rail line connecting the chemical weapons storage depot with the planned facility where the destruction will occur. Canada has agreed to provide $25 million for the construction of the rail line. “Canada is very pleased to join forces with the Nuclear Threat Initiative in the critical campaign to keep chemical weapons out of the hands of terrorists and those who would harbor them,” Kergin said in a statement. One of the main benefits of the planned railroad will be the secure transportation of the munitions from storage to the disposal plant, said Trevor Smith, senior program manager – chemical and biological weapons for Canada’s Foreign Affairs and International Trade Department. “You can’t hijack a train,” he said. “From a security standpoint, it’s the only way to go.” The British Defense Ministry will manage the project under a bilateral British-Russian agreement.  About 17 percent of Russia’s estimated 40,000 metric tons of chemical weapon agents are stored at Shchuchye. The Shchuchye facility is set to go into operation “no later” than 2008, said Russian Ambassador to the United States Yuri Ushakov. “Russia firmly upholds its commitments under the Chemical Weapons Convention,” he said. Under the treaty Russia is obligated to completely destroy its chemical arsenal by 2012. Canada is helping to fund the Shchuchye project as part of its $810 million pledge to the Group of Eight Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Material of Mass Destruction — an effort launched in 2002 by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States to provide $20 billion over 10 years for nonproliferation projects. Canada also plans to supply an additional $10 million for several additional infrastructure-related projects at Shchuchye, including the construction of an access road, local warning system and intrasite communication lines. Today’s agreement is “innovative,” Paul Walker, director of the Legacy Program at Global Green USA, said after the signing. “I think it’s a great step forward,” he said. “The more cooks that stir the broth, the better.” The United States has agreed to fund most of the construction of the Shchuchye facility at a cost of about $1 billion. U.S. aid is provided through the Defense Department’s Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which seeks to secure and dispose of former Soviet weapons of mass destruction. In a separate statement released today, Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Richard Lugar (R-Ind.) complained that conditions imposed by Congress both on aid provided through the CTR program and on chemical weapons destruction funding have delayed the Shchuchye project. He said he would reintroduce legislation tomorrow that would seek to eliminate such conditions. “The conditions require hundreds, if not thousands, of man hours each year to produce documentation related to the certification and waiver process for Shchuchye.  Given the strong consensus that this program must go forward, this time might be better spent interdicting WMD shipments or identifying the next A.Q. Khan,” said Lugar, who also serves as co-chairman of the Nuclear Threat Initiative. [EDITOR’S NOTE: Sam Nunn is chief executive officer, and Richard Lugar serves on the board, of the Nuclear Threat Initiative. NTI is the sole sponsor of Global Security Newswire, which is published independently by the National Journal Group.] Back to top       Pentagon Postpones Pueblo Chemical Destruction Plan The U.S. Defense Department will delay plans for a facility to neutralize mustard agent at the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Colorado while it considers other options for destroying the site’s 780,000 munitions, the Associated Press reported Friday (see GSN, Jan. 28). Senator Ken Salazar (D-Colo.) said a letter he and Senator Wayne Allard (R-Colo.) received from the Pentagon contradicts assurances department officials gave them last month that it would be illegal to move the weapons and that there were no plans to do so. “I am very disappointed that some in the Pentagon still want to proceed with studying something that is illegal and will not happen,” Salazar said. In the letter, acting Defense Undersecretary Michael Wynne called the estimated $1.6 billion price tag for the Pueblo chemical neutralization project “unacceptably high” (Associated Press/Denver Post, Feb. 4). Back to top       Aberdeen Empties Chemical Weapons Stockpile Workers at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland last week removed the final bulk container of mustard agent from storage for destruction, the U.S. Army announced in a press release (see GSN, Jan. 11). The facility is the first U.S. Army stockpile site in the continental United States to empty its chemical weapons storage area, according to the Army (U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency release, Feb. 4). Back to top

Ukrainian Investigation Into Alleged Missile Exports Has Resulted in Indictments, Arrests, Official Says A Ukrainian investigation into allegations that nuclear-capable cruise missiles were exported to China and Iran has so far resulted in the secret indictment or arrest of at least six people, a high-ranking intelligence official said Friday (see GSN, Feb. 4). Three suspects were arrested and three were indicted last year, according to the intelligence official. Some of the six were identified in a letter sent by lawmaker Grigory Omelchenko to Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko calling for a full investigation, the Associated Press reported. Among those named in Omelchenko’s letter was Russian national Oleg Orlov and a Ukrainian partner identified as E.V. Shilenko. The two have been accused of illicitly exporting 20 Kh-55 cruise missiles with the Russian state-owned arms export firm Rosoboronexport and a firm called Progress, which is a subsidiary of the Ukrainian arms export company Ukrspetseksport, AP reported.  Both Orlov and Shilenko were indicted in abstenia last year and Orlov was detained last summer in the Czech Republic, according to the intelligence official. Ukraine is seeking Orlov’s extradition for possible prosecution, AP reported. Shilenko, though, remains at large, Omelchenko said. The Ukrainian State Security Service is also investigating a Cyprus-based Russian national identified as G.K. Shkinov, who also remains at large, Omelchenko wrote in his letter. He added that three Ukrainians were detained last year in connection with the alleged transfers (Aleksandar Vasovic, Associated Press/The Moscow Times, Feb. 4). Back to top

Netherlands, Japan Purchase PAC-3 Systems The Netherlands and Japan have become the first international purchasers of Lockheed Martin’s Patriot Advanced Capability 3 antiballistic missile batteries, Defense Daily International reported Friday (see GSN, Dec. 1, 2004). “Virtually every current Patriot customer has expressed an interest in upgrading their systems to the PAC-3 configuration,” said Mike Trotsky, vice president-Air & Missile Defense Systems at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control. “Over the next five years or so I expect we will probably enter into contracts with all of those countries.” Under the $532 million contract, Lockheed Martin is expected to deliver 156 PAC-3 missiles to the U.S. Army, which is then to send 32 missiles to the Netherlands and 16 to Japan next year (Ann Roosevelt, Defense Daily International, Feb. 4).   Back to top

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