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IRAN NONPROLIFERATION ACT OF 2000
Public Law 106-178
106th Congress
An Act
To provide for the application of measures to foreign persons who transfer to Iran certain goods, services, or technology, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ''Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000''.
SEC. 2. REPORTS ON PROLIFERATION TO IRAN.
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(a) Reports.--The President shall, at the times specified in subsection
(b), submit to the Committee on International Relations of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a
report identifying every foreign person with respect to whom there is
credible information indicating that that person, on or after January 1,
1999, transferred to Iran--
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(1) goods, services, or technology listed on--
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(A) the Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear
Material, Equipment and Technology (published by the International
Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular INFCIRC/254/ Rev.3/
Part 1, and subsequent revisions) and Guidelines for Transfers of
Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Material, and Related
Technology(published by the International Atomic Energy Agency as
Information Circular INFCIRC/254/ Rev.3/ Part 2, and subsequent
revisions);
(B) the Missile Technology Control Regime Equipment and Technology Annex of June 11, 1996, and subsequent revisions;
(C) the lists of items and substances relating to biological and chemical weapons the export of which is controlled by the Australia Group;
(D) the Schedule One or Schedule Two list of toxic chemicals and precursors the export of which is controlled pursuant to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction; or
(E) the Wassenaar Arrangement list of Dual Use Goods and Technologies and Munitions list of July 12, 1996, and subsequent revisions; or
(2) goods, services, or technology not listed on any list identified
in paragraph(1) but which nevertheless would be, if they were United
States goods, services, or technology, prohibited for export to Iran
because of their potential to make a material contribution to the
development of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons, or of
ballistic or cruise missile systems.
(b) Timing of Reports.--The reports under subsection(a) shall be
submitted not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this
Act, not later than 6 months after such date of enactment, and not later
than the end of each 6-month period thereafter.
(c) Exceptions.--Any foreign person who--
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(1) was identified in a previous report submitted under subsection(a)
on account of a particular transfer; or
(2) has engaged in a transfer on behalf of, or in concert with, the Government of the United States, is not required to be identified on account of that same transfer in any report submitted thereafter under this section, except to the degree that new information has emerged indicating that the particular transfer may have continued, or been larger, more significant, or different in nature than previously reported under this section.
(d) Submission in Classified Form.--When the President considers it
appropriate, reports submitted under subsection(a), or appropriate parts
thereof, may be submitted in classified form.
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(a) Application of Measures.--Subject to sections 4 and 5, the President
is authorized to apply with respect to each foreign person identified in
a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a), for such period of time as
he may determine, any or all of the measures described in subsection(b).
(b) Description of Measures.--The measures referred to in
subsection(a) are the following:
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(1) Executive order no. 12938 prohibitions.--The measures set forth in
subsections(b) and(c) of section 4 of Executive Order No. 12938.
(2) Arms export prohibition.--Prohibition on United States Government sales to that foreign person of any item on the United States Munitions List as in effect on August 8, 1995, and termination of sales to that person of any defense articles, defense services, or design and construction services under the Arms Export Control Act.
(3) Dual use export prohibition.--Denial of licenses and suspension of existing licenses for the transfer to that person of items the export of which is controlled under the Export Administration Act of 1979 or the Export Administration Regulations.
(c) Effective Date of Measures.--Measures applied pursuant to
subsection(a) shall be effective with respect to a foreign person no
later than--
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(1) 90 days after the report identifying the foreign person is
submitted, if the report is submitted on or before the date required
by section 2(b);
(2) 90 days after the date required by section 2(b) for submitting the report, if the report identifying the foreign person is submitted within 60 days after that date; or
(3) on the date that the report identifying the foreign person is submitted, if that report is submitted more than 60 days after the date required by section 2(b).
(d) Publication in Federal Register.--The application of measures to a
foreign person pursuant to subsection(a) shall be announced by notice
published in the Federal Register.
SEC. 4. PROCEDURES IF MEASURES ARE NOT APPLIED.
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(a) Requirement To Notify Congress.--Should the President not exercise
the authority of section 3(a) to apply any or all of the measures
described in section 3(b) with respect to a foreign person identified in
a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a), he shall so notify the
Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives and
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate no later than the
effective date under section 3(c) for measures with respect to that
person.
(b) Written Justification.--Any notification submitted by the President under subsection(a) shall include a written justification describing in detail the facts and circumstances relating specifically to the foreign person identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a) that support the President's decision not to exercise the authority of section 3(a) with respect to that person.
(c) Submission in Classified Form.--When the President considers it appropriate, the notification of the President under subsection(a), and the written justification under subsection(b), or appropriate parts thereof, may be submitted in classified form.
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(a) In General.--Sections 3 and 4 shall not apply to a foreign person 15
days after the President reports to the Committee on International
Relations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate that the President has determined, on the basis
of information provided by that person, or otherwise obtained by the
President, that--
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(1) the person did not, on or after January 1, 1999, knowingly
transfer to Iran the goods, services, or technology the apparent
transfer of which caused that person to be identified in a report
submitted pursuant to section 2(a);
(2) the goods, services, or technology the transfer of which caused that person to be identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a) did not materially contribute to Iran's efforts to develop nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons, or ballistic or cruise missile systems;
(3) the person is subject to the primary jurisdiction of a government that is an adherent to one or more relevant nonproliferation regimes, the person was identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a) with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or technology described in section 2(a)(1), and such transfer was made consistent with the guidelines and parameters of all such relevant regimes of which such government is an adherent; or
(4) the government with primary jurisdiction over the person has imposed meaningful penalties on that person on account of the transfer of the goods, services, or technology which caused that person to be identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a).
(b) Opportunity To Provide Information.--Congress urges the
President--
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(1) in every appropriate case, to contact in a timely fashion each
foreign person identified in each report submitted pursuant to
section 2(a), or the government with primary jurisdiction over such
person, in order to afford such person, or governments, the
opportunity to provide explanatory, exculpatory, or other additional
information with respect to the transfer that caused such person to
be identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a); and
(2) to exercise the authority in subsection(a) in all cases where information obtained from a foreign person identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a), or from the government with primary jurisdiction over such person, establishes that the exercise of such authority is warranted.
(c) Submission in Classified Form.--When the President considers it
appropriate, the determination and report of the President under
subsection(a), or appropriate parts thereof, may be submitted in
classified form.
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(a) Restriction on Extraordinary Payments in Connection With the
International Space Station.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
law, no agency of the United States Government may make extraordinary
payments in connection with the International Space Station to the
Russian Aviation and Space Agency, any organization or entity under the
jurisdiction or control of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, or any
other organization, entity, or element of the Government of the Russian
Federation, unless, during the fiscal year in which the extraordinary
payments in connection with the International Space Station are to be
made, the President has made the determination described in
subsection(b), and reported such determination to the Committee on
International Relations and the Committee on Science of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
(b) Determination Regarding Russian Cooperation in Preventing
Proliferation to Iran.--The determination referred to in subsection(a)
is a determination by the President that—
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(1) it is the policy of the Government of the Russian Federation to
oppose the proliferation to Iran of weapons of mass destruction and
missile systems capable of delivering such weapons;
(2) the Government of the Russian Federation(including the law enforcement, export promotion, export control, and intelligence agencies of such government) has demonstrated and continues to demonstrate a sustained commitment to seek out and prevent the transfer to Iran of goods, services, and technology that could make a material contribution to the development of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons, or of ballistic or cruise missile systems; and
(3) neither the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, nor any organization or entity under the jurisdiction or control of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, has, during the 1-year period prior to the date of the determination pursuant to this subsection, made transfers to Iran reportable under section 2(a) of this Act(other than transfers with respect to which a determination pursuant to section 5 has been or will be made).
(c) Prior Notification.--Not less than 5 days before making a
determination under subsection(b), the President shall notify the
Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Science of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate of his
intention to make such determination.
(d) Written Justification.--A determination of the President under subsection(b) shall include a written justification describing in detail the facts and circumstances supporting the President's conclusion.
(e) Submission in Classified Form.--When the President considers it appropriate, a determination of the President under subsection(b), a prior notification under subsection(c), and a written justification under subsection(d), or appropriate parts thereof, may be submitted in classified form.
(f ) Exception for Crew Safety.--
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(1) Exception.--The National Aeronautics and Space Administration may
make extraordinary payments that would otherwise be prohibited under
this section to the Russian Aviation and Space Agency or any
organization or entity under the jurisdiction or control of the
Russian Aviation and Space Agency if the President has notified the
Congress in writing that such payments are necessary to prevent the
imminent loss of life by or grievous injury to individuals aboard
the International Space Station.
(2) Report.--Not later than 30 days after notifying Congress that
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will make
extraordinary payments under paragraph(1), the President shall
submit to Congress a report describing--
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(A) the extent to which the provisions of subsection(b) had been met
as of the date of notification; and
(B) the measures that the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration is taking to ensure that--
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(i) the conditions posing a threat of imminent loss of life by or
grievous injury to individuals aboard the International Space
Station necessitating the extraordinary payments are not
repeated; and
(ii) it is no longer necessary to make extraordinary payments in order to prevent imminent loss of life by or grievous injury to individuals aboard the International Space Station.
(g) Service Module Exception.—
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(1) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration may make
extraordinary payments that would otherwise be prohibited under this
section to the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, any organization
or entity under the jurisdiction or control of the Russian Aviation
and Space Agency, or any subcontractor thereof for the construction,
testing, preparation, delivery, launch, or maintenance of the
Service Module, and for the purchase(at a total cost not to exceed
$14,000,000) of the pressure dome for the Interim Control Module and
the Androgynous Peripheral Docking Adapter and related hardware for
the United States propulsion module, if--
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(A) the President has notified Congress at least 5 days before
making such payments;
(B) no report has been made under section 2 with respect to an activity of the entity to receive such payment, and the President has no credible information of any activity that would require such a report; and
(C) the United States will receive goods or services of value to the United States commensurate with the value of the extraordinary payments made.
(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``maintenance'' means
activities which cannot be performed by the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration and which must be performed in order for the
Service Module to provide environmental control, life support, and
orbital maintenance functions which cannot be performed by an
alternative means at the time of payment.
(3) This subsection shall cease to be effective 60 days after a United States propulsion module is in place at the International Space Station.
(h) Exception.--Notwithstanding subsections(a) and(b), no agency of
the United States Government may make extraordinary payments in
connection with the International Space Station to any foreign person
subject to measures applied pursuant to--
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(1) section 3 of this Act; or
(2) section 4 of Executive Order No. 12938 (November 14, 1994), as amended by Executive Order No. 13094(July 28, 1998). Such payments shall also not be made to any other entity if the agency of the United States Government anticipates that such payments will be passed on to such a foreign person.
For purposes of this Act, the following terms have the following meanings:
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(1) Extraordinary payments in connection with the international space
station.--The term ``extraordinary payments in connection with the
International Space Station'' means payments in cash or in kind made or
to be made by the United States Government--
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(A) for work on the International Space Station which the Russian
Government pledged at any time to provide at its expense; or
(B) for work on the International Space Station, or for the purchase of goods or services relating to human space flight, that are not required to be made under the terms of a contract or other agreement that was in effect on January 1, 1999, as those terms were in effect on such date.
(2) Foreign person; person.--The terms ``foreign person'' and
``person'' mean--
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(A) a natural person that is an alien;
(B) a corporation, business association, partnership, society, trust, or any other nongovernmental entity, organization, or group, that is organized under the laws of a foreign country or has its principal place of business in a foreign country;
(C) any foreign governmental entity operating as a business enterprise; and
(D) any successor, subunit, or subsidiary of any entity described in subparagraph (B) or (C).
(3) Executive order no. 12938.--The term ``Executive Order No. 12938''
means Executive Order No. 12938 as in effect on January 1, 1999.
(4) Adherent to relevant nonproliferation regime.--A government is an
``adherent'' to a ``relevant nonproliferation regime'' if that
government--
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(A) is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group with respect to a
transfer of goods, services, or technology described in section
2(a)(1)(A);
(B) is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or technology described in section 2(a)(1)(B), or is a party to a binding international agreement with the United States that was in effect on January 1, 1999, to control the transfer of such goods, services, or technology in accordance with the criteria and standards set forth in the Missile Technology Control Regime;
(C) is a member of the Australia Group with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or technology described in section 2(a)(1)(C);
(D) is a party to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or technology described in section 2(a)(1)(D); or
(E) is a member of the Wassenaar Arrangement with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or technology described in section 2(a)(1)(E).
(5) Organization or entity under the jurisdiction or control of the
Russian aviation and space agency.—
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(A) The term ``organization or entity under the jurisdiction or
control of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency'' means an
organization or entity that--
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(i) was made part of the Russian Space Agency upon its establishment
on February 25, 1992;
(ii) was transferred to the Russian Space Agency by decree of the Russian Government on July 25, 1994, or May 12, 1998;
(iii) was or is transferred to the Russian Aviation and Space Agency or Russian Space Agency by decree of the Russian Government at any other time before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act; or
(iv) is a joint stock company in which the Russian Aviation and Space Agency or Russian Space Agency has at any time held controlling interest.
(B) Any organization or entity described in subparagraph(A) shall be
deemed to be under the jurisdiction or control of the Russian
Aviation and Space Agency regardless of whether--
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(i) such organization or entity, after being part of or transferred
to the Russian Aviation and Space Agency or Russian Space Agency, is
removed from or transferred out of the Russian Aviation and Space
Agency or Russian Space Agency; or
(ii) the Russian Aviation and Space Agency or Russian Space Agency, after holding a controlling interest in such organization or entity, divests its controlling interest.
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HOUSE REPORTS: No. 106-315 Pt. 1(Comm. on International Relations).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
Vol. 145(1999):
Sept. 14, considered and passed House.
Vol. 146(2000):
Feb. 22, 24, considered and passed Senate, amended.
Mar. 1, House concurred in Senate amendments.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 36(2000):
Mar. 14, Presidential statement.
This
material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin
Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of
International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the
opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or
its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by
MIIS.
