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Joint Declaration of China, Japan, and South Korea on Promoting Tripartite Cooperation
7 October 2003 in Bali, Indonesia
We, the heads of Government/State
of the People's Republic of China, Japan and the
Republic of Korea met during the ASEAN+3 Summit held in
Bali, Indonesia on October 7th, 2003. We reviewed and
acknowledged the positive progress in the development of
our bilateral relationships and trilateral cooperation.
For the further promotion and strengthening of our
tripartite cooperation in the new century, we hereby
issue a joint declaration as follows:
I
With geographical proximity, economic complementarity,
growing economic cooperation and increasing
people-to-people exchanges, the three countries have
become important economic and trade partners to one
another, and have continuously strengthened their
coordination and cooperation in regional and
international affairs.
The cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea
shows excellent development momentum. [Xinhua English
version reads: The cooperation among the three countries
demonstrates the gratifying momentum for the development
of their relations.] Their leaders have held regular
informal meetings since 1999. The three countries have
established mechanisms for meetings at the ministerial,
senior official and working levels in various areas.
[Xinhua English version reads: Their departments of
various areas have established mechanisms for meetings
at the ministerial, senior official and working levels.]
The three countries have developed fruitful and
effective cooperation in priority areas such as economy
and trade, information, environmental protection, human
resources development and culture.
The three countries have actively supported and
participated in various forms of regional cooperation
such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and
Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM). As a major driving force for
cooperation under the 10+3 framework, the three
countries have taken an active part in implementing the
projects recommended by the East Asia Study Group (EASG)
Final Report, furthered Mekong sub-regional cooperation,
and made positive contributions to the Initiative for
ASEAN Integration (IAI).
In this context, we, the Leaders of the three countries
recognized that a solid foundation has been laid for the
promotion of the tripartite cooperation among China,
Japan and Korea. We were convinced that advancing and
deepening the tripartite cooperation will not only serve
to further promote the stable development of bilateral
relations between China-Japan, China-Korea and
Japan-Korea but also contribute to the realization of
peace, stability and prosperity throughout East Asia.
II
The advent of globalization and informationalization era
has brought with it huge opportunities for development
as well as many new challenges to all countries in the
world. As important countries in Asia and the whole
world, China, Japan and Korea share responsibilities to
maintain regional peace and stability and promote common
development for all countries. The tripartite
cooperation is aimed at boosting development,
strengthening East Asian cooperation and safeguarding
peace and prosperity at the regional and global levels.
We, the leaders of the three countries agree
unanimously: [Xinhua English version reads: To this end,
we, the Leaders of the three countries shared the
following fundamental views:]
1. The tripartite cooperation will be pursued in
accordance with the purposes and principles of the UN
Charter and other universally recognized norms governing
international relations.
2. On the basis of mutual trust and respect, equality
and mutual benefit and with a view to securing a win-win
result for all, the three countries will seek ways to
strengthen their across-the-board and future-oriented
cooperation in a variety of areas, including economic
relations and trade, investment, finance, transport,
tourism, politics, security, culture, information and
communication technology (ICT), science and technology
and environmental protection.
3. With the governments of the three countries being the
main players in the tripartite cooperation, they will
encourage business and academic communities and various
non-governmental organizations to play their parts.
4. The tripartite cooperation is an essential part of
East Asian cooperation. The three countries will,
through regional cooperation in diversified forms such
as ASEAN+3, continue to strengthen coordination and
support the process of ASEAN integration. The three
countries will promote economic cooperation and peace
dialogue in Northeast Asia for the stability and
prosperity in the region.
5. The tripartite cooperation will be carried out in a
transparent, open, non-exclusive and non-discriminatory
manner. The three countries will maintain their
respective mechanisms for cooperation with other
countries so as to benefit from one another's experience
in the interests of their mutual development.
III
To promote substantial progress in cooperation among our
countries, we, the Leaders of China, Japan and Korea
stressed the need to expand and deepen the tripartite
cooperation in the following areas in a steadfast
manner, starting with easier projects and gradually
expanding the scope and depth of cooperation.
1. Cooperation in trade and investment. The three
countries will develop economic cooperation and trade
marked by mutual trust and complementarity in order to
maximize the growth potentiality of all countries in the
region and eventually to achieve common prosperity. The
three countries will also endeavor, in consistence with
related WTO rules, to strengthen coordination with a
view to creating an attractive environment for trade and
investment.
The three countries will make joint efforts to push
forward the WTO Doha negotiations with a view to raising
market access and balancing and enhancing relevant
rules, such as strengthening anti-dumping rules. [Xinhua
English version reads: The three countries will make
joint efforts to push forward the Doha Development
Agenda (DDA) negotiations with a view to improving
market access and strengthening the rules in a
well-balanced manner, such as strengthening discipline
on anti-dumping.] The three countries will endeavor to
prevent abusive and arbitrary application of WTO rules.
The three countries will strengthen dialogue and
cooperation on trade facilitation among their customs
and transport authorities and continue exchange and
cooperation between their quality supervision,
inspection and quarantine authorities through the
existing channels. They also emphasize the importance of
food safety and animal and plant health in trade, in
conformity with relevant WTO agreements.
The three countries will strengthen cooperation and
protection of intellectual property rights including
through the promotion of public awareness, personnel
exchanges, experience sharing and law enforcement.
Appreciating the progress of the joint study on the
economic impact of a free trade agreement (FTA)
conducted by their respective research institutes, the
three countries will explore, in a timely manner, the
direction of a closer future economic partnership among
the three countries.
To facilitate trade and investment as well as to promote
exchange of people in Northeast Asia, the three
countries will promote existing dialogue and cooperation
with a view to developing international civil air
transport among the aeronautical authorities of the
three countries.
The three countries recognize the importance of inward
foreign direct investment (IFDI) for the enhancement of
each domestic economy and welcome the various efforts
that have been made for the promotion of IFDI. They
confirm their intention to take further steps to promote
IFDI including addressing specific issues raised by
their investors in a fair and transparent manner. In
this light, they will launch an informal joint study on
the possible modality of trilateral investment
arrangements.
The three countries will make full use of the existing
bilateral and trilateral consultations while
strengthening exchange of information and prior
consultations so as to minimize the possibility of any
trade dispute.
2. Cooperation among information and communication
technology (ICT) industries. The three countries will
enhance, as a priority, exchange and cooperation in
broadband communications, mobile communications and
e-business. They will continue to advance high-tech
communication R&D and promote exchanges in such areas as
new generation communications network and the third
generation mobile communications. They will also expand
the application of ICT in all sectors of society while
ensuring its security. Meanwhile the three countries
will seek to play a positive role in building a
broadband network throughout Asia, accelerate the
development of internet industry and facilitate the flow
of information within Asia.
3. Cooperation in environmental protection. The three
countries will, under various frameworks such as the
Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting (TEMM),
intensify cooperation in addressing common environment
concerns, such as dust and sandstorms and their
monitoring and early warning, acid deposition
monitoring, air, water and marine pollution, and climate
change. They will also expand exchange and cooperation
in green industries and technology and facilitate
dialogue and cooperation on water resources management,
forest conservation, reforestation and conservation of
biodiversity. In order to promote sustainable
development, the three countries will strengthen
consultations and cooperation on major regional and
global environmental issues.
4. Cooperation in disaster prevention and management.
The three countries will promote cooperation and
dialogue in this field with a view to preventing or
mitigating the damage from disasters such as storms,
typhoons, floods and earthquakes.
5. Cooperation in energy. The three countries will
expand their mutually beneficial cooperation in the
field of energy and work together to strengthen regional
and global energy security.
6. Financial cooperation. To promote financial stability
in the region, the three countries will continue to
strengthen dialogue on economic policies and implement
the Chiang Mai Initiative. They will deepen regional
financial cooperation in the future, including the
exploration of the possibility of establishing a
regional financing and stability mechanism and
developing the regional bond market. The three countries
will strengthen their cooperation and coordination in
international financial institutions with a view to
attaining well-balanced economic development in the
region and the Millennium Development Goals.
7. Cooperation in science and technology. The three
countries will promote scientific and technological
cooperation at various levels, including such areas as
the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
[ITER] Project, so as to solve issues of common concern,
and develop new technologies as well as open up new
industries. [Xinhua English version reads: The three
countries will promote and facilitate scientific and
technological cooperation at various levels, including
in such areas as succeeding in ITER Project, to
strengthen capacities to deal with issues of common
concern and advance new technologies with a view to
opening up new industry sectors.]
8. Cooperation in tourism. The three countries will take
appropriate measures to further boost the development of
the tourist sector, encourage expansion of tourism among
the three countries, strengthen exchanges and
cooperation among tourism organizations and industries
like developing tourism infrastructure, and attract
citizens other than those from the three countries, for
example, citizens from the United States and Europe, to
engage in three-nation package tours. [Xinhua English
version reads: The three countries will further boost
the tourism industry, encouraging expansion of tourism
among the three countries through appropriate measures,
and strengthen exchange and cooperation among tourism
authorities and industries in such areas as development
of tourism infrastructure and circular tours going
around the three countries for residents outside of the
three countries, for example, residents of Europe or
North America.]
9. Cooperation in fishery resource conservation. The
three countries will cooperate, bilaterally or
trilaterally, to promote the sustainable use and
conservation of fishery resources through effective
fishery management.
IV [Xinhua English version omits the subhead]
10. For the purpose of enhancing mutual understanding
and trust and expanding diverse channels for exchanges
for better trilateral cooperation in the future, the
three countries will strengthen cooperation in a variety
of areas, such as people-to-people contacts, culture,
education and human resources development, news media,
public health and sports.
The three countries will continue to encourage and
facilitate personnel exchanges to increase contacts
among youth and young leaders. They will also vigorously
develop cultural exchange and cooperation to enhance
cooperation in such areas as the preservation and
development of tangible and intangible cultural
heritage, cultural diversity and dialogue among
civilizations.
The three countries will continue to support the
tripartite cooperation in the field of education. They
will enhance cooperation to expand student exchanges
among their institutions of higher education, promote
mutual institutions' recognition of academic records,
degrees and credits, and encourage language teaching and
cultural exchange among the three countries.
The three countries will encourage communication and
cooperation among their media organizations through
joint seminars or in other forms with close
communication among the three governments.
The three countries will expand exchange and cooperation
among local governments by arranging sister cities among
the three countries or by other means.
For the enhancement of mutual understanding and
friendship among their peoples, the three countries will
encourage diversified forms of exchange and cooperation
among the sports communities of the three countries such
as organizing football and table tennis matches.
V [Xinhua English version omits the subhead]
11. The three countries will strengthen cooperation in
international affairs and continue to support the core
role of the United Nations in maintaining world peace
and stability. They will promote dialogue and
consultations on UN related issues, including the
strengthening and reforms of the UN.
12. The three countries will make concerted efforts to
press ahead with Asian regional cooperation in various
forms. They will step up the process of implementing the
measures put forward in the Final Report of the East
Asia Study Group, promote the 10+3 cooperation in the
direction of East Asia cooperation, and support ASEAN's
key role in this process. They will further enhance
cooperation within such mechanisms as ASEAN Regional
Forum (ARF), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
and Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM).
13. The three countries will strengthen security
dialogue and facilitate exchange and cooperation among
the defense or military personnel of the three
countries.
The three countries will strengthen exchange of views
and cooperation in disarmament, as well as prevent and
curb proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and
their means of delivery, based on international regimes,
through political, diplomatic and administrative
measures including effective export controls, while
recognizing the importance of complying with the related
international norms.
The three countries agree to persist in resolving the
nuclear issue facing the Korean Peninsula through
dialogue, support a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula, while
addressing various concerns of the concerned parties and
working together to maintain peace and stability on the
Peninsula. [Xinhua English version reads: The three
countries reaffirm their commitment to a peaceful
solution of the nuclear issue facing the Korean
Peninsula through dialogue and to the denuclearization
of the Korean Peninsula, while addressing all the
concerns of the parties and working together to maintain
peace and stability on the Peninsula.]
14. The three countries will reinforce their cooperation
in preventing infectious diseases including Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and combating crimes and
terrorism, sea piracy, people smuggling, trafficking in
illegal drugs and related crimes, money laundering,
international economic crimes, cyber-crimes and other
transnational crimes through effective cooperation among
their respective authorities.
VI
We, the Leaders of China, Japan and Korea shared the
view that it was essential to have a wide range of
channels for an effective tripartite cooperation.
Accordingly, we decided to hold our summit meetings
continuously. We will support the effective operation of
on-going meetings at the ministerial level in foreign
affairs, economy and trade, finance, environmental
protection, information and telecommunications, and
patents, and endeavor to hold similar meetings in other
areas. We also decided to set up a three-party committee
to study, plan, coordinate and monitor the cooperation
activities currently under way or envisaged by this
Joint Declaration. The committee will submit progress
reports to the annual summit meeting.
[Signed] Wen Jiabao, premier of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China
[Signed] Koizumi Junichiro, prime minister of Japan
[Signed] No Mu-hyon, president of the Republic of Korea
Xinhua (Beijing)
This
material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin
Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of
International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the
opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or
its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by
MIIS.
