China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia

China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia

China's missile trade in South Asia has caused significant concern among observers concerned with preventing missile proliferation. Specifically, alleged Chinese exports of missiles, components, and related technologies to Pakistan have led to confrontations with the United States, which has on two occasions sanctioned China for alleged violations of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). China has also reportedly exported a relatively small number of anti-ship cruise missiles to Bangladesh, but the far more important concern, from a proliferation perspective, is the ballistic missile trade with Pakistan. Since 1992, China has not exported any complete missiles to any nation in South Asia, including Pakistan. Much of China's continued assistance to Pakistan takes the form of dual-use missile technologies useful for Pakistan's indigenous missile programs.

For more in-depth information on open-source reports of Chinese exports and assistance, please consult the CNS Missile Abstracts database.

CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH ASIA

COUNTRY	AREA OF REPORTED MISSILE ASSISTANCE FROM CHINA
BANGLADESH	Cruise missiles: --HY-2
PAKISTAN (MAP)	Ballistic missiles and launchers: --34 M-11/DF-11 missiles (to Pakistan's Sargodha Air Force Base near Lahore); delivered in November 1992 --M-11 transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) (1991) Cruise missiles: --HY-1 --HY-2 --FL-1 --FL-2 Possible assistance to indigenous Pakistani missile programs: --Hatf-1 ballistic missile --Hatf-2 ballistic missile --Anza surface-to-air missile (SAM) Missile fuel: --Ammonium percholate (10 tons--200 boxes) (1996) (seized in transit in Hong Kong): --Pakistan's SUPARCO was caught attempting to import the ammonium percholate for rocket fuel from Xi'an in China Missile guidance: --Gyroscopes --Accelerometers --On-board computers Missile production factory: --National defense complex in Fatehgarh (Fatehgunj), located in the Tarwanah suburb of Rawalpindi, 40 km west of Islamabad --Blueprints and construction equipment, August 1996 Missile technology/components: --M-11 components (reason for US sanctions against China in 1991 and 1993 Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs): --HQ-2 Anti-tank missiles: --Shipment of special metals and electronics for use in production

[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN]

[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN - STATEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS]

[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS]

[CHINA AND THE MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME (MTCR)]

[CHINA'S NUCLEAR EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH ASIA]

[CHINA AND THE NUCLEAR TESTS IN SOUTH ASIA]

This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by MIIS.