China's Nuclear Power Reactors

China's Nuclear Power Reactors

China currently operates four nuclear power reactors: Guangdong-1 and Guangdong-2 (at Daya Bay), Qinshan-1 and Ling Ao-1(Shenzhen).

CHINA'S POWER REACTOR STATUS
IN OPERATION Total Output: 2981 MWe	Daya Bay: Shenzhen City, Guangdong Units 1&2, 2 x 900MWe Qinshan Phase I: Qinshan-1, 1 x 281 MWe --Chinese design (under IAEA safeguards--subsidiary arrangement) Ling Ao: French pressurized water reactor; 1 x 900 MWe
UNDER CONSTRUCTION/ TRIAL OPERATIONS	Tianwan-1&2 (located in Jiangsu): --Two Russian VVER-1000 pressurized water reactors -- 2 x 935 MWe --Cost: US $3 billion --Tianwan-1 fuel load expected April 2004 --Tianwan-1 is expected to be commissioned in January 2004, connected to power grid in May 2004, and enter commercial operation in December 2004. --Tianwan-2 is expected to enter commercial operations in 2005. Ling Ao 2 --Two French pressurized water reactors -- 2 x 900 MWe -- Cost: US $4 billion --Fuel load completed on 18 July 2002, criticality expected late August 2002 -- Lingao-2 expected operational in March 2003 Qinshan Phase 2: Qinshan-2&3: --Two pressurized water reactors --Chinese design with Japanese and French technology -- 2x 600 MWe -- Expected to go into operation in 2002 Qinshan Phase 3: Qinshan-4&5: --Two Canadian PHWRs (to be under IAEA safeguards) -- 2 x 700 MWe -- Expected to go into operation in 2003
PROPOSED	Shandong-1, 935 MWe, by 2006, South Korean reactor Shandong -2, 935 MWe, by 2008, South Korean reactor Shandong-3, 937 MWe, 2010 Lingao-3, 937 MWe, by 2012 Lingao-4, 935 MWe, by 2014 Lianyungang-3, 935 MWe, by 2015 Lianyungang-4, 935 MWe, by 2016 Lianyungang-5, tentative Lianyungang-6,tentative Shangdong-4, 935 MWe, by 2017 Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong?? - proposed September 2003 Pilot fast neutron reactor (Fangshen County)

[Source: The Chinese Approach to Mining, Milling and Management, NUKEM Market Report, July 1999; Shen Wenquan, "Overview of the NPPs under construction in China, Nuclear Europe Worldscan, November/December, 1999, p. 36; Yan Bo Min and Zeng Wenxing, "Example of NPP under construction: Ling Ao, Nuclear Europe Worldscan, November/December 1999, p. 37.]

Nuclear Power Plant Component Manufacturers

NAME	FUNCTION	COMMENTS
Yibin Nuclear Fuel Element Plant	The only manufacturer of nuclear fuel elements.	Supplied the initial fuel core and several reloads for the Qinshan and Daya Bay nuclear plants.
Dongfang Electric Corp.	Manufactures power plant equipment.	Subcontractor for Ling Ao plant.
Dongfang Steam Turbine works	Designs and manufactures large power plant steam turbines and auxiliary equipment.	Supplied equipment for Ling Ao plant.
Dongfang Boiler (Group) Company Ltd.	Manufactures large capacity power plant boilers including components of PWRs.	Cooperating with Framatome to manufacture all nuclear island heavy components for the Ling Ao plant and in bidding for Guangdong Nuclear Project No. 3.
Dongfang Electrical Machine Co. Ltd.	Manufactures generators.	Will supply generators for the Ling Ao Plant.
Harbin Power Equipment Co., Ltd.	Manufactures main pumps for nuclear reactors	Provided pumps for Qinshan Phase I
Helishi Systems Engineering Limited.	Produces automatization system products and enterprise management software.	Designed, developed and tested the KIT/KPS computer system and the conventional island control system for the No. 1 generator station in the Phase II Qinshan project.
Shanghai Boiler Works	Manufactures pressure vessels, steam generators, and pressurizers for 300 MW, 600 MW and 1000 MW PWRs
Shanghai Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.	Manufactures 300 MW and 600 MW thermal power steam turbines	Participated in technology transfer from Westinghouse. Provided turbine to Qinshan Phase I.
Shanghai Turbo-Generator Co. Ltd.	Manufactures 300 MW turbo-generators for nuclear power plant	Provided 310 MW nuclear power plant turbo-generator for Chashma nuclear power plant.
Shanghai No. 1 Machine and Tool Works	manufactured reactor core for Ling Ao	In cooperation with Framatome, produced the first indigenously produced reactor core
Shanghai Power Equipment Company	Manufactures auxiliary machines such as high and low pressure feedwater heaters and valves.
Suzhou Valve Factory	Develops and manufactures valves.	In 1995, licensed by China National Nuclear Safety Administration for the design and manufacture of valves used in PWR. Valves are exported to over 50 countries. Has ISO9001 certification.
Beijing CIAE-RIAR Radioisotope Tech Co. Ltd.	Research, development, production and management of radioactive sources and associated instruments.	Joint venture between China Institute of Atomic Energy and Russian Institute of Atomic Reactors.
Xian Nuclear Instrument Factory
Beijing Nuclear Instrument Factory
Sichuan Chemical Machinery Plant
Sichuan Instrument Co. Ltd.

["Building China's Nuclear Future-How the West Has Won," Nuclear Engineering International, p. 13; Tang Zongyu, "Nuclear Europe Worldscan, November/December 1999, p. 58.]

POWER REACTORS IN OPERATION

Unit	Type	Operator	Fuel	Power
Ling Ao-1	PWR (first indigenously produced reactor core cooperation with Framatome)	GNPJVC		900 MWe
Guangdong-1 (Daya Bay NPS)	PWR (model M310) (Framatome)	GNPJVC		900 MWe
Guangdong-2 (Daya Bay NPS)	PWR (model M310) (Framatome)	GNPJVC		900 MWe
(Qinshan Phase 1) (under IAEA safeguards--subsidiary arrangement)	PWR (indigenous)	QNPC	3.0%	281 MWe

POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND ON ORDER

Unit	Type	Power
Tianwan-1&2 (Jiangsu province) ON ORDER	Two Russian VVER-1000 (NPP-91) PWRs (AtomExport)	1000 MWe
Lingao-2&3 (Lingao NPS) UNDER CONSTRUCTION	Two French PWRs (Framatome)	900 MWe
Qinshan-2&3 (Qinshan Phase 2) UNDER CONSTRUCTION	Two PWRs (indigenous design with French and Japanese technology)	575 MWe
Qinshan-4&5 (Qinshan Phase 3) (to be under IAEA safeguards) UNDER CONSTRUCTION	Two Canadian CANDU-6 PWRs (Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.)	638 MWe

QNPJC: Qinshan Nuclear Power Joint Corporation
QNPC: Qinshan Nuclear Power Corporation
NPS: Nuclear power station
PWR: Pressurized water reactor
LWR: Light water reactor
CANDU: Canadian deuterium-uranium reactor

China's Fast Breeder Reactor Program

China's Research Reactors

Nuclear Facilities and Organizations

Last updated: 10/28/2003

This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by MIIS.