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Nuclear Weapon Reductions / Dismantlement

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NPT Nuclear Weapon States
States that Formerly Possessed Nuclear Weapons
Non-NPT States with Nuclear Weapons

1. Disarmament Measures Taken by NPT Nuclear Weapon States

	UNITED STATES	RUSSIA	UNITED KINGDOM	FRANCE	CHINA
Current Arsenal Size	Approximate arsenal size: 10,000 (operational: 5,736 & inactive: 4,225).	Approximate arsenal size: 16,000 (operational:5,830).	Approximate arsenal size: 200 (operational:160-185).	Approximate arsenal size: 350	Approximate arsenal size: 200 (estimated).
Overview of Reduction/ Disarmament Activities	- Dismantled more than 13,000 nuclear weapons since 1988.[1] - Eliminated over 1,000 strategic missiles and bombers and 450 silos for ICBMs.[2]	No detailed information available. Estimated numbers: - Dismantled about 29,000 nuclear weapons since 1986. (In 1993, then Minister of Atomic Energy announced that nearly half of the peak of 45,000 warheads in 1986 was dismantled. According to CIA estimates, slightly more than 1,000 warheads were dismantled per year during the 1990s.)[3]	- Dismantled approximately 150 nuclear weapons since the 1970s. (The current stockpile is reduced by some 200 from the peak of 350 in 1970s).[4] -Withdrew and dismantled maritime tactical nuclear capability, RAF's WE 177 nuclear warheads, and terminated nuclear Lance missile and artillery roles.[5]	- Dismantled approximately 190 nuclear weapons since 1992. (Reduced from a peak of some 540 in 1992, the current stockpile is approximately 350.)[6]	No information on the number of dismantled nuclear weapons. (Estimated to have approximately 200 warheads; continues to modernize its nuclear forces.)[7]
Strategic Warheads	-Dismantled the last W56 warhead for the Minuteman II ICBM in June 2006.[8] - Cancelled W-89, W-91 nuclear warheads in 1991.[9] START I counting rules indicated the following reduction has taken place since September 1990. - Retired 100 W 87 warheads for MX Peacekeeper ICBMs.[10] - Retired 300 W62 warheads for Minuteman III ICBMs.[11] - Completed dismantlement of W68 warheads for retired Poseidon C-3 SLBMs in 1995.[12] - Retired 2,208 W 76 warheads for Trident I C-4 ICBMs.[13] - Retired 1,018 warheads for B-52 (ALCM) and 243 warheads for B-52 (non-ALCM) bombers.[14]	No detailed information available on warhead dismantlement. START I counting rules indicated the following reduction has taken place since September 1990. - Retired 326 warheads for SS-11, 40 for SS-13, 188 for SS-17, 560 for SS-24 (Silo) and 330 for SS 24 (rail).[15] - Retired 2,040 warheads for SS-18 and 984 warheads for SS-19, 45 warheads for SS-25.[16] - Retired 192 warheads for SS-N-6, 280 for SS-N-8, 12 for SS-N-17, 384 forSS-N-18, 600 for SS-N-20, 64 for SS-N-23.[17] - Retired 160 warheads for Bear (ALCM), 63 for Bear (non-ALCM), and 8 for Blackjack bombers.[18]	-Dismantled the last of 120 Chevaline SLBM warheads removed from dismantled Polaris missiles in 2002[19] -Dismantled all remaining (72) WE177 nuclear gravity bombs by August of 1998. [20]		Roughly 40 fewer warheads from 1999 stockpiles due to the withdrawal of DF 3s and conversion of some DF-21s to non nuclear missions. [21]
Strategic Delivery Systems	- MX Peacekeeper missiles were deactivated.[22] START I counting rules indicated the following reductions have taken place since September 1990. - Minuteman II ICBMs were dismantled. - Retired Poseidon C-3 SLBMs.[23] - Retired 240 Trident I (C-4) SLBMs.[24] - Retired 94 B-52 (ALCM) and 243 B-52 (non-ALCM) bombers.[25]	START I counting rules indicated the following reductions have taken place since September 1990. - Retired 326 SS-11, 40 SS-13, 47 SS-17, 56 SS 24 (silo), and 33 SS-24 (rail).[26] - Retired 204 SS-18, 164 SS-19[27], 45 SS-25, 192 SS-N-6, 280 SS-N-8, 12 SS-N-17 SLBMs,[28] 28 SS-N-18, 60 SS-N-20, and 16 SS-N-23 SLBMs.[29] - Retired 20 Bear (ALCM), 63 Bear (Non-ALCM), 1 Blackjack bomber[30]		- Dismantled the last of its surface-to-surface short range Hades missiles (approx. 20-25 missiles), 23 June 1997.[31] - Dismantled the last of the S-3D ICBM's (18) at Plateau d'Albion.[32]
Non-Strategic	- Dismantled 3,000 non-strategic nuclear weapons.[33] - Dismantled the last W-79 nuclear artillery shell in 2003 and cancelled B-90 nuclear bomb.[34] - B61-10 bombs now inactive[35]	No detailed information available. Since 2004 no information provided by Russia.[36] - "more than 50 percent of all these warhead types have been liquidated" (Russian Foreign Ministry statement in 2004).[37] - With an estimate of some 19,600 in 1988, some 6500 warheads left.[38]	- As of 1999 the UK has no tactical nuclear weapons. However it does maintain a "substrategic" capability through one of its SSBNs.	- Early phase out of Pluton tactical missiles and AN-52 gravity bombs.	- The quantity and the state of dismantlement of China's tactical weapons are generally even less known than its strategic nuclear weapons.

2. Disarmament Measures Taken by States that Formerly Possessed Nuclear Weapons

	SOUTH AFRICA	BELARUS	KAZAKHSTAN	UKRAINE
Overview of Reduction/ Disarmament Activities	Manufactured 6 air-deliverable nuclear weapons of the "gun-type" design. Each device contained 55 kg of HEU, but sufficient weapons grade HEU was produced for a 7th weapon. Each weapon had an estimated yield of 10-18 kilotons.[39] By 1991, all devices and associated production facilities were dismantled, and the HEU placed under IAEA safeguards. South Africa acceded to the NPT as a NNWS in July 1991.[40]	Formerly had 81 Soviet SS-25 Sickle missiles with warheads and an unknown number of tactical nuclear weapons placed on its territory.[41] All have been transferred to Russia. The process of transferring tactical warheads was completed in May 1992. Joined the NPT as a NNWS in July 1993.	Formerly had 1,410 Soviet strategic nuclear warheads placed on its territory. One of the Soviet Union's two major nuclear test sites was located at Semipalatinsk. Transferred all its Soviet-era nuclear weapons to the Russian Federation by April 1995 and destroyed the nuclear testing infrastructure at Semipalatinsk by July 2000.[42] Joined the NPT as a NNWS in February 1994.	Formerly had 176 Soviet SS-19 and SS-24 ICBMS with 1,240 warheads and 44 strategic bombers, as well as an unspecified number of tactical nuclear warheads placed on its territory. By June 1996, all warheads had been removed from the country and transferred to Russia. [43] Joined the NPT as a NNWS in December 1994.

3. Non-NPT States with Nuclear Weapons

	INDIA	ISRAEL	PAKISTAN	NORTH KOREA
Current Arsenal Size	Estimated between 40 and 50 warheads. Possibly capable of building thermonuclear weapons.[44]	Estimated between 100 and 200 (bombs, missile warheads, and possibly non-strategic weapons). Some reports place the number as high as 400.[45]	Estimated between 24 and 48 nuclear weapons. Estimated between 580 to 800 kg of highly enriched uranium, sufficient to build 30-50 fission weapons.[46], [47]	May possess enough separated plutonium to produce 4 to 13 nuclear weapons.[48]
Overview of Reduction/ Disarmament Activities	No intention to disarm until NPT Nuclear Weapon States do so.	Israel neither confirms nor denies that it possesses such weapons.	No intention to disarm until India does so.	Through the Six- Party Talks, aiming for verifiable denuclearization.

[1] "Disarmament, the United States, and the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons - Working paper submitted by the United States of America." NPT/CONF.2010/PC.I/WP.19. http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N07/329/90/PDF/N0732990.pdf?OpenElement
[2] Disarmament, the United States and the NPT, Statement by Christopher Ford at at the Conference on "Preparing for 2010: Getting the Process Right", Annecy, France, March 17, 2007.http://www.state.gov/t/isn/rls/other/81946.htm
[3] Robert S. Norris and Hans m. Kristensen, "Global Nuclear Stockpiles, 1945-2006," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, July/August 2006, http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/c4120650912x74k7/fulltext.pdf
[4] Ibid.
[5] "Working paper on disarmament submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, NPT/Conf/2010/PC.IWP.59
[6] See source in note 2.
[7] Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "Chinese nuclear forces, 2006," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, May/June 2006, http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/1w035m8u644p864u/fulltext.pdf
[8] See source in note 1
[9] See source in note 1
[10] "Fact Sheet, Current Strategic U.S. Nuclear Forces (As of January 1, 2007)" Arms Control Association, June 2007, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/usstrat.asp
[11] Ibid.
[12] Ibid.
[13] Ibid.
[14] Ibid.
[15] Fact Sheets, Current Strategic Nuclear Forces of the Former Soviet Union (As of January 1, 2007), Arms Control Association, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/sovforces.asp
[16] Ibid.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Ibid.
[19] Statement by Ambassador David Broucher at the second session of Preparatory Committee for the 2005 NPT Review Conference, http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/StatementSpecialTimeCluster1FINAL29-04-03.pdf
[20] Table of British Nuclear Forces 2002, Natural Resources Defense Council, http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab18.asp
[21] See source in note 7
[22] See source in note 1
[23] See source in note 10
[24] See source in note 10.
[25] See source in note 10
[26] "Current Strategic Nuclear Forces of the Former Soviet Union," Arms Control Association, June 2007, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/sovforces.asp
[27] Ibid.
[28] Ibid.
[29] Ibid.
[30] Ibid.
[31] http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/france/theater/hades.htm
[32] http://www.basicint.org/pubs/Research/1998nuclearfutures4.htm; and http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/missile/france.htm. http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_99bop01.html for the number of warheads.
[33] See source in note 1
[34] See source in note 1.
[35] SIPRI Yearbook 2006, pg. 645.
[36] Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "Russian nuclear forces, 2007" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, March/April 2007. http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/d41x498467712117/fulltext.pdf
[37] Ibid.
[38] Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "Russian nuclear forces, 2006" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, March/April 2006. http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/p65l757657634078/fulltext.pdf
[39] NTI Country Profile, South Africa Nuclear Overview, http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/SAfrica/Nuclear/index.html
[40] Ibid.
[41] NTI Country Profile, Belarus Country Profile, http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Belarus/index.html
[42] NTI Country Profile, Kazakhstan Nuclear Overview, http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Kazakhstan/Nuclear/index.html
[43] NTI Country Profile, Ukraine Nuclear Overview, http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Ukraine/Nuclear/index.html
[44] Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "India's Nuclear Forces, 2005,"Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, September/October 2005. vol. 61, no 05, pp. 73-75. http://www.thebulletin.org/article_nn.php?art_ofn=so05norris
[45] Wm. Robert Johnston, 'Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material in Israel,' corrected March 2006
http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/wrjp442.html
[46] Natural Resources Defense Council, "Table of Pakistani Nuclear Forces, 2002", November 25, 2002. http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab21.asp,
[47] Robert S. Norris, Hans M. Kristensen and Joshua Handler, "Pakistan's Nuclear Forces, 2001" Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, February 2002, pp 70-71, ,
[48] David Albright and Paul Brannan, "The North Korean Plutonium Stock: Mid 2006", http://www.isis-online.org/publications/dprk/dprkplutonium.pdf (The US Department of Energy's analysis estimates that North Korea's stockpile would be roughly 7 or 8 plutonium bombs. )

This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by MIIS.