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Russia: A.M. Isayev Design Bureau for Chemical
Machine Building
LOCATION:
a design bureau; a plant for testing and experimentation; technological departments; a laboratory and experimental base; and divisions providing supplemental services. Its operations in Korolev (2 Lesoparkovyy tupik) also include manufacturing of a wide range of consumer goods ranging from water heaters to prostheses. The Design Bureau also operates a branch office in Faustovo (in Moscow Oblast's Voskresenskiy Rayon), which produces a variety of commercial supplies used in the processing of sausage and other meat products.[1] In order to promote these goods, the Bureau created a marketing and sales department in June 2002. There also are plans to create an additional department charged with developing international cooperation.[2] The Design Bureau reportedly has testing facilities at Voskresensk, Moscow
Oblast.[3] Testing of engines produced
by the Bureau, in particular the liquid cryogenic engine supplied to
India, also occurs at the Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Machine
Building (NIIkhimmash) test stand in Sergiyev Posad, Moscow Oblast.[4] One of the serial-production plants that
builds the
bureau's
engines is the S.M. Kirov Ust-Katavsk Railcar Plant in Ust-Katavsk, Chelyabinsk
Oblast.[5]
BACKGROUND:
As an autonomous institution, the Bureau, termed Experimental Design Bureau No.2 (OKB-2) of the Ministry of Defense Industry, became the first organization in the Soviet Union to work on developing liquid-fuel rocket engines operating on storable-fuel components.[2] Guided antiaircraft missiles, the P-15 anti-ship cruise missile [NATO Designation SS-N-2 'Styx'], operational and tactical ballistic missiles like the R-11 [NATO designation SS-1B 'Scud-A'] tactical ballistic missile, and the final stages of staged missiles, space launch vehicles, and spacecraft utilized engines were developed by the Isayev Bureau.[1,2] Under the leadership of Alexey Mikhailovich Isayev, who headed the Bureau until 1971 and is recognized as contributing greatly to the advancement of indigenous rocket engine capabilities in the former Soviet Union, the Design Bureau also pioneered development of the "submerged engine design," which placed the engine within the fuel tank. This new technology contributed to reductions in the dimensions of missiles and created favorable conditions for the Isayev Bureau to supply its liquid-fuel engines to companies such as the Makeyev Design Bureau.[2] Throughout its history, the Isayev Design Bureau has created more than 120 liquid-fuel engines and engine assemblies for missiles and spacecraft. Approximately 40 of these engine designs proceeded into serial production.[1] Engines produced by the Bureau were installed in the "Vostok," "Voskhod," and "Soyuz" space vehicles, including the spacecraft piloted by Yuriy Gagarin.[4,5] The Bureau has experienced financial uncertainty due to the reduced number of state orders, delays in payments for completed orders, and the lack of a pronounced program for conversion of the defense industry. It accrued a debt of 55 million rubles ($1.74 million as of 15 July 2002), or 20% of yearly production, because of delays in payments received, and this led to difficulties with financial institutions and the tax authorities.[6] In 2001, the threat of a power cut-off forced the Bureau to pay arrears to regional power utility Mosenergo.[7] Even a decision to raise the average monthly salary to just 3,200 rubles ($102 as of 1 June 2002) in June 2002 had to be offset by a reduction in employees, exacerbated the problem of attracting recent graduates to work for the Bureau.[6] In order to address
these problems and its future stability, the
Bureau successfully sought to join a group of
organizations in its field which Rosaviakosmos plans to merge or integrate into
a state holding company.[6] This company, which would be called Russian Rocket Engines
(Rossiyskiye raketnyye dvigateli), would assume control over the government shares in
approximately 10 of the leading engine-building companies in Russia.[8] The creation
of a holding company is motivated by a desire to attract investment and to
develop deeper cooperation between the producers of rocket engines.[8,9] This
step is being undertaken within the framework of the federal program "Reform and Development of the
Defense-Industrial Industry (2002-2006)," which seeks to unite all design bureaus
and serial production plants under the purview of the government.[10,11] Current
Isayev director Yevgeniy Petrovich Seleznev believes that
participation in this program will provide funding for
future development of technology and infrastructure and thereby address some of
the critical issues facing the Bureau.[6] In addition to implementing contracts concluded through Rosaviakosmos, the Isayev Design Bureau co-operates with other partner organizations such as RKK "Energiya," GNPTs Khrunichev, NPO Lavochkina, KB Makeyev, and the Zlatoust Machine Building Plant.[3] For example, the Rokot booster rocket developed by the Khrunichev State Space Science Production Center includes in its Briz-KM booster unit a liquid-fuel sustainer engine that the Isayev Bureau produced.[4] Participation in international projects also is an important component of the work of the Bureau as evidenced by plans to create a department for international cooperation tasked with developing contacts with foreign companies and identifying possible opportunities for the Bureau to export its products. To date Isayev has developed close relations with India in particular, resulting in several small contracts totaling approximately $1 million in 2002, but it intends to expand contacts with European and American companies as well.[3] Cooperation with India culminated in the launch of an Indian Geosynchronous Space Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket whose third stage, a 12 KRB booster, was powered by an Isayev-produced KVD-1 liquid cryogenic third-stage sustainer engine on 19 April 2001. It is anticipated that this engine assembly, which utilizes liquid hydrogen and oxygen and therefore is not detrimental to the environment, eventually will be used on the new Angara rocket currently under development by the Khrunichev State Space Science Production Center.[6] The Bureau manufactured and produced the engines sold to India under the terms of a contract signed in January 1991 between the Indian Space Research Organization and Glavkosmos.[5,6] The original contract called for the transfer to India of cryogenic engines for the GSLV rocket, but US threats to impose sanctions for violations of the missile technologies nonproliferation regime led to modification of the contract in August 1993.[6,7] The increasingly limited market for liquid-fuel rocket engines has dictated
that the Bureau utilize its existing capacities to produce other
non-traditional items like specialized equipment, machinery, and consumer
goods. This means that the Isayev Bureau has turned to the production of
items such as beds, radiators, and wheelchairs.[3,8]
ARCHIVED
ISAYEV KB KHIMMASH
DEVELOPMENTS (For more recent developments, see the Delivery Vehicle
Facility Developments file): 4/20/2001: INDIA LAUNCHES ROCKET WITH ISAYEV-PRODUCED ENGINE 4/17/2001: PLANS TO SUPPLY CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINES TO INDIA
Page last updated 18 March 2004 Comments or questions? Contact Cristina Chuen (Cristina.ChuenATmiis.edu) or Nikolai Sokov (nsokovATmiis.edu) at MIIS CNS.
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