LOCATION:Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray Address: 29
prospekt Gazety "Krasnoyarskiy
rabochiy," Krasnoyarsk 660123 Telephone:
(3912) 64-66-01, 64-65-37, 64-48-95 Fax:
(3912) 64-48-91 E-mail:
root@krasm.krasnojarsk.su ["Gosudarstvennoye
predpriyatiye 'Krasnoyarskiy mashinostroitelnyy zavod',"
Raketno-kosmicheskaya promyshlennost Rossii 2001-2002 (Moscow: Rosaviakosmos, 2001), pp. 33-34.] {Entered 5/16/2002 EL} SUBORDINATION:
Russian Aerospace Agency (Rosaviakosmos) ["Gosudarstvennoye
predpriyatiye 'Krasnoyarskiy mashinostroitelnyy zavod',"
Raketno-kosmicheskaya promyshlennost Rossii 2001-2002 (Moscow: Rosaviakosmos, 2001), pp. 33-34.] {Entered 5/16/2002 EL} ADMINISTRATION: General Director: Viktor Kirillovich Gupalov
Chief Designer: Vladislav Nikolayevich Samotik Deputy General Director for
Economics and Marketing: Vladimir Afanasyevich Kolmykov ["Gosudarstvennoye
predpriyatiye 'Krasnoyarskiy mashinostroitelnyy zavod',"
Raketno-kosmicheskaya promyshlennost Rossii 2001-2002 (Moscow: Rosaviakosmos, 2001), pp. 33-34.] {Entered 5/16/2002 EL} BACKGROUND: The Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant (Krasmashzavod,
or Krasmash) was founded in 1932 to produce equipment for the gold- and
coal-mining industries. In 1936 the plant received its first defense orders
for aerial bombs and sea mines. During World War II the plant was subordinated
to
the People's Commissariat of Armaments and tasked with artillery
ordnance manufacturing.[1]
In 1959 the Soviet Council of Ministers decided to use Krasmash facilities to
create a Korolev Design Bureau branch to conduct missile research and development work. The plant was
also used to train specialists for the missile and space industry. While
initially Krasmash produced intermediate-range ballistic missiles designed by the Yangel design bureau (currently
Pivdenne Design Bureau),
during the 1960s the plant switched to the production of SLBMs designed by the
Makeyev Design Bureau.[2] The most recent SLBM type
to be produced at Krasmash was the R-29RM [NATO designation SS-N-23 'Skiff']
for Delta IV-class SSBNs. Krasmash has the capacity to produce about 30 R-29RM missiles annually.[3] SLBM production activity at Krasmash was dealt a severe blow during the 1990s
when the manufacture of the R-29RM completely ceased in 1996.[4] The halt was
due to the plans to start manufacture of the Bark-class SLBMs
(designed by the Makeyev Design Bureau). First envisioned in 1982, the Bark-class
SLBM was to be a modified version of the R-39 [NATO designation SS-N-20
'Sturgeon'], currently arming Typhoon-class submarines. Unfortunately for Krasmash, however, development of the Bark SLBM was halted by the navy in
1998.[5]
Due to severe economic
problems, in the early 1990s Krasmash
was forced to shorten the workweek to three days and had problems paying employee wages. In February 1994, for example, workers blockaded the Krasmash administration building after not
having been paid for four months.[6] President Boris Yeltsin eventually ordered
a special resolution on 7 May 1998 which promised
the prompt payment of all unpaid wages for Krasmash employees.[7] In 1995 the
Russian government issued Decree No. 181, which privatized metallurgical
facilities in Krasnoyarsk Kray. This action made possible the privatization
of the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant.[8] Sources: [1] Larisa Aleksandrova, "'Krasmash.' Upor
na kachestvo," Million online
edition, http://www.millionmagazine.ru/archive/40/art08.html, November 2000. [2] "Na starte," Sibirskaya
aerokosmicheskaya akademiya Web
Site, http://www.saa.ru/index.php?part=history&num=ns. [3] Paul Podvig, "The Russian Strategic Forces: Uncertain Future," Center for
Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies at MIPT Web Site, http://armscontrol.ru/transforming/podvig.htm,
Spring 1998.
[4] "Ballisticheskaya raketa podvodnykh lodok R-29RM (RSM-54)," Novaya Faktoriya
Web Site,
http://www.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/r29pm/r29pm.htm. [5] Igor Kudrik, "Uriy Dolgoruky Awaits New Design," Bellona Web Site,
http://www.bellona.no/imaker?sub=1&id=9517.
[6] Margaret Shapiro, "Russia's Industrial Decline Accelerates; Shutdowns,
Layoffs Signal New Phase of Economic Struggle," The Washington Post, 18 February
1994, p. A1. [7] "Federal Wage Debts Will be Paid to Employees of Krasnoyarsk
Machine-Building Plant Within a Week," RTR Vesti, 7 May 1998; in Lexis-Nexis
Academic Universe; http://www.lexis-nexis.com. [8] Igor Saskov, "Passions Over Alumina,"
Segodnya, 19 January
2000; in "The Battle for the Achinsk Alumina Combine Continues in Krasnoyarsk
Kray," FBIS Document CEP20000119000014. {Entered 5/16/2002 EL} ACTIVITIES: Krasmash is divided into six production branches. These distinct branches
include production facilities for rockets and rocket stages, cryogenic rocket
engines blocks, equipment for the food-processing, oil, and chemical
industries, and SLBM fuelling and rocket engine testing facilities.[1] As of
1995, the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant employed 11,500 workers.[2]
In September 1999 the Russian
government decided to renew production of the
R-29RM SLBM at the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant. This decision was made as Delfin- and Kalmar-
class submarines were due for remodeling and the service life of their missiles
had expired. According to
Izvestiya, the
Russian government also realized that the R-29RM order was vital to the survival
of the Krasmash Plant.[3] The new missiles ordered reportedly were a modified
version of the R-29RM codenamed the Sineva.
The Sineva, which was
designed by the Makeyev Design Bureau, differs from the R-29RM
by reportedly having
10 nuclear warheads instead of four, incorporating the Bark-intended Malakhit-3
computer system, and a system for penetrating ballistic missile
defenses.[4] Due to the previous halt of the R-29RM in 1996, however, the plant
was in serious need of reconstruction. By May 2000 the Russian Federation had spent 160 million rubles
($5,655,680 as of 12 May 2000) reconstructing Krasmash facilities for future
Sineva production.[5] A spokesman for the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
was predicting a successful completion of the prototype for the first stage
of the liquid-fueled Sineva by the end of March 2002.[6]
In addition, the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
began destroying SLBMs. In
January 1999 Krasmash won a contract from the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency
(DTRA) to dismantle 48 Russian Pacific Fleet SLBMs
including 24 R-29R, 4 R-29, and 20 R-27 [NATO designation SS-N-6 'Serb']
systems.[7] According to DTRA, the contract included defueling
the missiles as well as destroying and disposing of all salvageable and
unsalvageable missile fragments.[8] Considerable progress was made in
transporting the contracted missiles from Yuzhnorechensk Naval Base, in
Primorye, and
more R-29R SLBMs than originally specified
were transported. By 21 May 1999, 4 R-29 and
43 R-29R missiles had already arrived at Krasmash, and additional 16 R-27 SLBMs were still awaiting transportation from Yuzhnorechensk.[9]
Besides missiles, Krasmash produces goods for the Russian aerospace
industry. Krasmash began producing launch platforms for Khrunichev's Proton
rockets in 1990.[10] Currently production also includes launch platforms for Zenit SLVs.[11] Krasmash also provides servicing for these systems as well as reprocessing
services for rocket fuel. In 1998 an agreement was reached in which the
Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant and the
Isayev Chemical Engineering Company (Korolev,
Moscow Oblast) would participate with the French firm Société Européenne de
Propulsion (SEP) (since 1997 a division of the
Société Nationale d'Etude et de
Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation (SNECMA)) in designing and
producing liquid-fueled engines for use with Ariane SLVs.[12] In
addition to rockets, Krasmash
also produces a large number of goods for the oil, gas, and metallurgical industries. These include equipment for the thermal processing of
plastic, measuring and cutting tools, equipment for milk and meat processing,
machines for the production of flourless bread, and industrial materials for the
production of mono- and poly-crystal silicon.[13] Sources: [1] "Gosudarstvennoye predpriyatiye 'Krasnoyarskiy mashinostroitelnyy zavod',"
Raketno-kosmicheskaya promyshlennost Rossii 2001-2002 (Moscow: Rosaviakosmos, 2001), pp. 33-34.
[2] Nils Bohmer & Thomas Nilsen, "Reprocessing Plants in Siberia-Working Paper
#4," Bellona Web Site, http://www.bellona.no/maker?sub=1&id=8225, 1995. [2] Margaret Shapiro, "Russia's Industrial Decline Accelerates; Shutdowns,
Layoffs Signal New Phase of Economic Struggle," The Washington Post, 18 February
1994, A1. [3] "Pomni o more," Izvestiya online edition, http://www.izvestia.ru,
29 July 2001.
[4] "Ballisticheskaya raketa podvodnykh lodok R-29RM (RSM-54)," Novaya Faktoriya
Web Site, http://www.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/r29pm/r29pm.htm.
[5] Dmitriy Litovkin, "'Sineva' podnimetsya nad morem," Nezavisimoye voennoye
obozreniye online
edition, http://nvo.ng.ru/armament/2000-05-12/1_blueness.html, 12 May 2000. [6] "Do kontsa marta
na 'Krasmashe' budet izgotovlen opytnyy obrazets
raketnogo dvigatelya," Krasnoyarsk Web Site,
http://www.yarsk.ru/article.cfm?section=1&sr=1&article=326818,
4 March 2002.
[7] "Russian Firm to Destroy SLBMs,"
BMD Monitor, 8 January 1999; in
Russian Military News Web Site,
http://www.users.bigpond.com/pcropper/html/1-15jan.html#eleven. [8] Michael Jackson, "Eliminate and Destroy 48 Pacific Fleet Sea Launched
Ballistic Missiles," Commerce Business Daily online edition, Loren
Data Web Site,
http://fbodaily.com/cbd/,
11 December 1998. [9] Brian J. Wilt, "Transport, Defuel, Neutralize and Destroy Pacific Sea
Launched Ballistic Missiles," Commerce Business Daily online
edition, Loren Data Web Site,
http://fbodaily.com/cbd/,
21 May 1999.
[10] "Krasnoyarskiy 'Krasmash': ot ballisticheskikh raket k
myasopererabatyvayushchim tsekham," Segodnyashnyaya gazeta, 13
December 2001; in Grazhdanskiy tsentr yadernogo
nerasprostraneniya Web Site, http://nuclearno.ru/text.asp?1193.
[11] Larisa Aleksandrova, "Krasmash.' Upor na kachestvo," Million
online edition, http://www.millionmagazine.ru/archive/40/art08.html, November 2000.
[12] "Russia to Cooperate with France in Developing Rocket Engines," Interfax, 5 February 1998; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe;
http://www.lexis-nexis.com. [13] "Krasnoyarskiy
mashinostroitelnyy zavod," Sibirskiy mezhdunarodnyy
aviatsionno-kosmicheskiy salon Web Site,
http://www.krasair.ru/saks/rus/uchastnik/krasmash.jsp,
1 December 2001. {Entered 5/16/2002 EL}
KRASMASH DEVELOPMENTS:
5/7/98: YELTSIN ORDERS PAYMENT OF KRASMASH WAGE
ARREARS President Yeltsin signed a resolution to pay all
federal wage arrears to workers at the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
on 7 May 1998. The resolution was announced by Yuri Moskvich, Yeltsin's
plenipotentiary representative in Krasnoyarsk Kray. First Vice-Governor
Vladimir Kuzmin said that this decision "has opened wide prospects to this
unique enterprise."
[RIA Novosti, 7 May 1998.] {Entered
7/22/98 FW} 9/28/97: WAGE ARREARS SPARK PROTESTS AT KRASMASH Hundreds of striking workers from the Krasnoyarsk
Machine-Building Plant, who last received wages in October 1996, paralyzed
traffic on Newspaper Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy Avenue on 28 August 1997.
Workers called for the removal of the plant administration and threatened
to turn over files on the plant's directors to the local prosecutor's office.
Izvestiya
claimed
that while the Ministry of Defense was expecting to receive SLBMs from
the plant, Krasmash had not received a state order for 1997, nor had it
been paid for work being performed. The labor group Working Russia
played a leading role in organizing the demonstration, and some violent
incidents were reported.
[Aleksey Tarasov, "Disturbances at
Military Plant in Krasnoyarsk," Izvestiya, 29 August 1997, p. 2;
in "Workers Continue Disturbances at Krasnoyarsk Plant," FBIS-SOV-97-248,
5 September 1997.]{Entered 7/22/98 FW}
Page last updated 18 December 2002
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