Russia: Delivery Vehicle Facilities: SoyuzRussia: Soyuz Federal Center for Dual-Use Technologies
(FTsDT Soyuz)
LOCATION:
Address: ul. Sovetskaya 6 (legal
address); ul. Sportivnaya 20A (actual
address), Dzerzhinskiy, Lyuberetskiy rayon, Moscow Oblast, 140056 Russia
Telephone: (095) 551-78-08, (095) 551-07-88, (095) 551-06-63
Fax: (095) 551-11-44
E-mail:soyuz@avallon.ru, soyuz@chat.ru [FTsDT Soyuz Web Site, http://www.vimi.ru/fcdt/,
2 July 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/.]{Entered
10/4/2001 MJ}
HOMEPAGE:
http://www.vimi.ru/fcdt/
ADMINISTRATION: General Director: Yuriy Mikhailovich Milekhin
Deputy General Director/Chief Engineer: Anatoliy Mikhailovich Bubra
Deputy General Director for Science: Vladislav Mikhailovich Merkulov
Deputy General Director for Commercial Issues: Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Derevyakin [FTsDT Soyuz Web Site, http://www.vimi.ru/fcdt/,
2 July 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/.] {Entered
10/4/2001 MJ} BACKGROUND:
FTsDT Soyuz traces its existence to
1947, when an ammunition factory (Research and Testing Plant 512) that produced solid-fuel artillery rockets for
BM-8 and BM-13 multiple rocket launchers during World War II became NII-125, a
research institute tasked with developing solid rocket fuels for tactical
ballistic missiles.[1] The institute gradually absorbed a number of other
defense industry establishments and was renamed NPO Soyuz. After the break-up of the
Soviet Union, it received the designation of Federal Center from Russian
President Boris Yeltsin in 1994 in recognition of the importance of its work.
For several decades following its establishment the enterprise was headed by Boris Zhukov, a member of the Soviet and Russian
Academies of Sciences, who was eventually succeeded by Zinoviy Pak (who
subsequently served as the head of the Ministry of Defense Industry and in
1999 became the
head of the
Russian Munitions Agency), and eventually by Yuriy Milekhin, a corresponding member of the
Russian Academy of Missile and Artillery Sciences.[2,3] The center is one of the leading facilities in Russia in the area of development
and production of solid rocket fuels. It employs several thousand workers and
has its own research labs, prototype and series production facilities, and
rocket engine test stands. It is the largest
enterprise in Dzerzhinsk, and maintains most of the city's social institutions,
including a hospital, hotel, sanatorium, and others.[3]
During the Cold War, NII-125 developed and produced solid rocket fuel for
rocket engines for a wide variety of missiles, from rockets for the RPG-7
light anti-tank rocket launcher[4] to intercontinental ballistic missiles. Missile types using fuel developed and produced at FTsDT or NPO Soyuz include Tochka [NATO designation SS-21 'Scarab'] and Oka
[SS-23 'Spider'] short-range ballistic missiles, Pioner
[SS-20 'Saber'] IRBMs, RT-23UTTKh [SS-24
'Scalpel], RT-2PM Topol [SS-25 'Sickle'], and RT-2PM2 Topol-M
[SS-27] ICBMs.[1,5,6]
In addition to designing rocket fuels, NPO Soyuz designed gas generators for
ICBM "cold launch" systems.[7] Its expertise also includes the
design and manufacture of fiberglass and composite missile components.[8] Apart from ballistic missiles, its products were used in
a wide range of spacecraft, including Vostok, Voskhod,
Soyuz-Apollo, Progress, Mars, and Soyuz-TM, and also in a wide range of space
launch vehicles.[2]
The institute developed technologies for producing nitroethers, preparing
ballistite powder masses, and forming fuel charges. It also pioneered the technologies
for making large-dimension fuel charges, composite missile bodies, plasma rocket fuels,
and other inventions.[9] Sources: [1] "Krupneyshiy v Rossii razrabotchik tverdogo raketnogo topliva - Federalnyy
tsentr 'Soyuz' - otmechayet 50-letniy yubiley," Interfax, 5 November 1997; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [2] "Boris Yeltsin i Viktor Chernomyrdin pozdravili kollektiv Federalnogo
Tsentra dvoynykh tekhnologiy 'Soyuz' s 50-letnim yubileyem predpriyatiya,"
TASS, 5 November 1997; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [3] Nina Malskaya, "'Soyuz' nauki i proizvodstva," Vechernyaya Moskva,
26 June 2001; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [4] Anatoliy Antipov, Andrey Garavskiy, "Prochnost 'Bazalta' proverilo
vremya,"
Krasnaya zvezda, 14 June 2001; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [5] Mikhail Pervov, "Ballisticheskiye rakety velikoy strany," Aviatsiya i
kosmonavtika, January 2000, pp. 16-18; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, 8 September 2000;
in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [6] Mikhail Pervov, "Ballisticheskiye rakety velikoy strany," Aviatsiya
i kosmonavtika, October 2000, pp. 29-34; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, 14 March
2001; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [7] Mikhail Pervov, "Ballisticheskiye rakety velikoy strany," Aviatsiya
i kosmonavtika, April 2000, pp. 28-29; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, 7 February
2001; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru/. [8] Mikhail Pervov, "Raketnyye kompleksy RVSN," Tekhnika i
vooruzheniye, May-June 2001, p. 61. [9] Mikhail Pervov, "Raketnyye kompleksy RVSN," Tekhnika i
vooruzheniye, May-June 2001, p. 51.{Entered 10/4/2001 MJ} ACTIVITIES:
While FTsDT Soyuz continues to manufacture solid
rocket fuel for such projects as the Topol-M ICBM, and to develop new types
of fuels, its output has become considerably more diversified. Since the
early 1990s
the center has engaged in manufacture of products for the civilian market. Soyuz also created a number of
branches, including GUDP Tekhnoplast (road-clearing materials), GUDP Soyuzfarm
(medical preparations), and AO Lyuberit (insulating materials). There are also
plans to create branches specializing in the production of artificial diamonds
and the repair and construction of residential and industrial buildings.[9]
The center has been receiving assistance through the Presidential Dual-Use
Technologies Program. Moscow Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov has also promised to assist the
center, and the city of Moscow is already the largest civilian customer for the
center's products, mainly firefighting chemicals and medical preparations. There
have been proposals to privatize the center, but these were rebuffed on the
grounds of its importance to Russia's national security.[10] The center produces goods for
the civilian market under the Specialized Chemistry (Spetskhimiya) federal program. Its products
include firefighting aerosols, oil deposit detection kits, etc., and
have reportedly attracted the attention of foreign firms.[2]
The center has been seeking to enter foreign
markets. FTsDT Soyuz has begun collaborating with the British company UK Fire International,
Ltd. Their collaboration has been under evaluation by the Russian-British High
Technology Working Group, which is part of the Intergovernmental British-Russian
Committee on Trade and Investment and whose purpose is to promote scientific and
technical cooperation in high technology areas between the two countries.[11]
The center also developed technologies for eliminating solid fuel rocket motors
using hydroabrasive cutting techniques.[12] Sources: [1] Anatoliy Antipov, Andrey Garavskiy, "Prochnost 'Bazalta' proverilo
vremya,"
Krasnaya zvezda, 14 June 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [2] "Krupneyshiy v Rossii razrabotchik tverdogo raketnogo topliva - Federalnyy
tsentr 'Soyuz' - otmechayet 50-letniy yubiley," Interfax, 5 November 1997; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [3] Mikhail Pervov, "Ballisticheskiye rakety velikoy strany," Aviatsiya i
kosmonavtika, January 2000, pp. 16-18; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, 8 September 2000;
in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [4] Mikhail Pervov, "Ballisticheskiye rakety velikoy strany," Aviatsiya
i kosmonavtika, October 2000, pp. 29-34; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, 14 March
2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [5] Mikhail Pervov, "Ballisticheskiye rakety velikoy strany," Aviatsiya
i kosmonavtika, April 2000, pp. 28-29; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, 7 February
2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [6] Mikhail Pervov, "Raketnyye kompleksy RVSN," Tekhnika i
vooruzheniye, May-June 2001, p. 61. [7] "Boris Yeltsin i Viktor Chernomyrdin pozdravili kollektiv Federalnogo
Tsentra dvoynykh tekhnologiy 'Soyuz' s 50-letnim yubileyem predpriyatiya,"
TASS, 5 November 1997; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [8] Mikhail Pervov, "Raketnyye kompleksy RVSN," Tekhnika i
vooruzheniye, May-June 2001, p. 51. [9] Nina Malskaya, "'Soyuz' nauki i proizvodstva," Vechernyaya Moskva,
26 June 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [10] "Gosudarstvennaya programma dvoynykh tekhnologiy smozhet reshit problemu
podderzhki oboronnykh predpriyatiy," TASS, 5 November 1997; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [11] "Protokol tretego zasedaniya Rossiysko-Britanskoy rabochey gruppy po
vysokim tekhnologiyam," State Unitary Enterprise VIMI Web Site, http://www.vimi.ru/,
28 September 2000. [12] L.A. Smirnov, O.V. Tinkov, Ustanovka gidrorezki i utilizatsii zaryada TRT,
Russian Federation Patent 2128323, 27 March 1999; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/.{Entered
10/4/2001 MJ}
Delivery Vehicle Facilities
