9/12/2002: CHINESE MOSKIT ORDER PLACED
Gazeta.ru reported on 12 September 2002 that Progress Aviation Company in
Arsenyev, Primorskiy Kray, received a five-year order from Rosoboroneksport to
produce an unspecified number of 3M80 Moskit
[NATO designation SS-N-22 'Sunburn'] anti-ship cruise missiles for China. The
value of the contract was not announced. The missiles are intended for Project
956E destroyers, also on order for China. ["'Moskity' dlya kitaytsev budut delat v Primorye," Gazeta.ru
Web Site, http://www.gazeta.ru/,
12 September 2002.] {Entered 11/27/2002 MJ}
6/12/2002: CHINA TO BUY CLUB
MISSILE SYSTEM
Jane's Defence Weekly
reported on 12 June 2002 that China will purchase eight Project 636
diesel/electric submarines armed with the
Club-S
anti-ship cruise missile system. The submarines will be delivered over a
five year period, and the deal's value is estimated at $1.6 billion.[1]
Reports of the sale surfaced shortly after
Russian Defense Minister Sergey Ivanov
met on 1 January 2002 in Beijing with Chinese Defense Minister Chi Haotian.[2]
Two days after that meeting
Ivanov told journalists that
Russia's arms sales to China complied with nuclear and missile technology
nonproliferation regimes.[3] Commenting on Russian arms sales to China, the
deputy director of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, Konstantin Makiyenko,
said that China is Russia's largest and most stable arms purchaser. In
addition to purchasing modern fighter aircraft and long-range air defense
systems, China has also expressed interest in nuclear-powered Bars-class [NATO name 'Akula'] attack and
Antey-class ['Oscar'] cruise missile submarines, Tu-22M3 ['Backfire'] bombers, aircraft
carriers, missile cruisers, and other weapon systems.[4] Preliminary
reports have five of the submarines scheduled to be built at
Admiralteyskiye Verfi,
two at Amurskiy Zavod, and one
at Krasnoye Sormovo. Sources: [1] Nikolai Novichkov, "China's Russian Kilo buy may put Song submarine future
in doubt," Jane's Defence Weekly online edition,
http://jdw.janes.com/, 12
June 2002. [2] Li Shijia, "Chi Haotian Holds Talks With Russian Defense Minister," Xinhua,
1 June 2002; in "China's Defense Minister Chi Haotian Meets Russian Defense
Minister Ivanov," FBIS Document CPP20020601000085. [3] "Rossiya postavlyayet vooruzheniya Kitayu s soblyudeniyem obyazatelstv po
nerasprostraneniyu raketno-yadernykh tekhnologiy," Interfax, 3 June 2002. [4] Agentstvo voyennykh novostey, 31 May 2002; in "Official says improved
Russia-West ties have no effect on arms trade with China," FBIS Document
CEP20020531000249. {Entered 7/26/2002 MJ} 6/5/2002: TURKEY DISCUSSES S-300
PURCHASE Middle East Newsline
reported on 5 June 2002 that a Turkish military delegation headed by the Chief
of Staff, General Huseyin Kivrikoglu,
discussed the possibility of buying a number of Russian weapon systems. One of the systems discussed was the S-300 air defense/anti-tactical
ballistic missile defense system. The source did not specify which S-300
variant was being discussed. ["Turkey, Russia
again discuss S-300," Middle East Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 208, 5 June 2002.]
{Entered 8/1/2002 MJ} 4/23/2002: KOLOMNA SPECIALISTS INSPECT YEMEN'S SS-21s Jane's Rockets and Missiles
reported on 23 April 2002 that the Kolomna-based
Design Bureau of Machine-building (KBM) has conducted an inspection of
Yemen's arsenal of 80 Tochka [NATO designation SS-21
'Scarab'] short-range ballistic missiles. The missiles were supplied during
the Soviet era and are believed to have deteriorated since then. The inspection
could lead to an upgrade contract. [David C. Isby, "KBM inspects Yemen's Tochkas," Jane's Rockets
and Missiles online edition,
http://jmr.janes.com/, 23 April 2002] {Entered 5/28/2002 MJ}
4/4/2002: CHINA ORDERS S-300F NAVAL LONG-RANGE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM On 4 April 2002 the government of China signed a contract with Rosoboroneksport
for the delivery of two S-300F [NATO designation SA-N-6 'Grumble'] naval
long-range air defense systems. The value of the contract is estimated at over
$200 million. According to Konstantin Makiyenko, an analyst in the Moscow office
of the Center for Defense Information, the purchase of the S-300F is evidence of
a shift in Russo-Chinese defense cooperation away from the purchase of entire
platforms and towards key subsystems that would be integrated into Chinese-designed and
built platforms, such as combat aircraft and warships. The execution of the
contract may be delayed due to the merger of S-300F's producer, Altair, into the Almaz-Antey air defense concern. Due to the ongoing merger Rosoboroneksport has
not yet signed a contract with Altair. [Vedomosti, 30 April 2002; in "Russia: Rosoboroneksport signs contract to supply
S-300F air-defense systems to China," FBIS Document CEP20020429000403.]
{Entered 5/24/2002 MJ}
4/4/2002: RUSSIAN DEFENSE, FOREIGN MINISTERS DENY DUAL-USE EXPORTS TO IRAN For additional information please
see the 4/4/2002 entry in the Russia:
Missile Exports to Iran Developments section. {Entered 5/24/2002
MJ}
2/22/2002: CIA REPORT ON RUSSIAN
MISSILE ASSISTANCE An unclassified CIA report on WMD
technology acquisition for 1 January through 30 June 2001 that was released on
22 February 2002 identified Russia as a significant supplier of missile
technologies, expertise, and goods to such countries as Iran, India, China, and
Libya. In April 2001 Russia signed a Defense Industry Cooperation Agreement with
North Korea, which might pave the way for technology transfers to North Korea,
although such transfers would likely be limited by North Korea's ability to pay
for them. For additional information on Russian missile assistance to Iran
please see the
2/22/2002
entry in the Russia: Missile Exports to Iran: Developments section.
["Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to
Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January
Through 30 June 2001," Central Intelligence Agency Web Site,
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/bian/bian_jan_2002.htm, 22 February
2002.] {Entered 5/23/2002 MJ}
2/7/2002: RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY CONTESTS CIA REPORT FINDINGS On 7 February 2002, the Russian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) released a statement expressing "amazement and
serious concern" about allegations concerning Russia's proliferation behavior
contained in an unclassified CIA report on WMD proliferation. The statement took particular issue with the allegation that the
Russian government lacked the willingness and ability to prevent leaks of sensitive
technologies and materials. According to the MFA, Russia strictly adheres to its
international commitments on export controls of sensitive goods and
technologies, and has taken extensive measures to implement the 1999 export
control laws. Improving export controls has also been the topic of the February
2001 session of Russia's Security Council. The MFA statement concluded with a
request for official clarifications of the allegations. ["Soobshcheniye dlya pechati v svyazi s opublikovaniyem v SShA doklada TsRU po
voprosam nerasprostraneniya oruzhiya massovogo unichtozheniya," Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Department of Information and Press,
7 February 2002.] {Entered 5/24/2002 MJ}
2/6/2002: RUSSIA MARKETS S-300V AS
ANTIBALLISTIC MISSILE Middle East Newsline reported on 6 February 2002
that Russia's arms exporting agencies are marketing the S-300V
surface-to-air missile as a defense against ballistic missiles.
Specifically, India has shown interest in leasing or buying S-300V missiles to defend against
Pakistani nuclear ballistic missiles. The article commented that
Russia's arms exporting agencies are looking to supply defensive weapons to
countries that cannot obtain them from the United States.
["Russia Seeks To Fill Missile Defense
Needs," Middle East Newsline online edition,
http://www.menewsline.com
Vol. 4, No. 51, 6 February 2002.] {Entered 2/15/2002 RG}
2/5/2002: BRAHMOS TO CONTINUE CRUISE MISSILE
FLIGHT TESTS As reported by
The Asian Age on 5 February
2002, the cruise missile being developed by the Russian-Indian joint venture BrahMos, known as the PJ-10, will continue flight tests beginning in May 2002.
For more information, see the
2/5/2002
entry of the
Russia: Missile
Exports to India Developments section.
{Entered 2/19/2002 RG}
1/13/2002: FORMER SOVIET SCIENTISTS ASSISTED IRAN IN
MISSILE DEVELOPMENT The Washington Post reported on 13 January
2002 that throughout the 1990s engineers and scientists from the former Soviet
Union traveled to Iran to provide technological information for missile
development. For more information, see the
1/13/2002 entry in the
Russia: Missile Exports to Iran Developments
section. {Entered 2/18/02 RG}
1/3/2002: CHINA ORDERS TWO MORE
DESTROYERS FROM RUSSIA On 2 January 2002 Russia and China
signed a contract for the delivery of two Project 956 Sovremennyy-class
destroyers. The deal is estimated to be worth $1.5 billion and the ships are
to be delivered by 2005.[1] China ordered its first pair of Sovremennyy
destroyers in 1997, for delivery in 1999 and 2000. The new contract may lead
to additional deliveries of Moskit anti-ship
missiles which constitute the destroyers' primary armament.[2] Sources: [1] Radio Rossii, 2 March 2002; in "Russia to deliver destroyers to China by
2005," FBIS Document CEP20020302000092. [2] "China Buys 2 Warships For $1.5Bln," Moscow Times online
edition, www.themoscowtimes.com, 9 January 2002.
{Entered 5/28/2002 MJ}
12/27/2001: INDIA ADOPTS KHRUNICHEV CRYOGENIC BOOSTER For additional information please
see the 12/27/2001 entry in the
Russia: Nuclear and Missile Developments to India: Missile Export Developments section.{Entered 5/15/2002 MJ}
12/12/2001: KHRUNICHEV TO SIGN AN AGREEMENT WITH VENEZUELA For more information please see the
12/12/2001 entry in the M.V.
Khrunichev State Space Scientific Production Center section of the database. {Entered 5/15/2002 MJ}
9/2/2001: RUSSIAN-INDIAN CRUISE MISSILE TO
ADHERE TO MTCR RESTRICTIONS Defense News reported on 2 September 2001
that the cruise missile being developed by the Russian-Indian joint venture
BrahMos will adhere to MTCR restrictions. For more information, see
the
9/2/2001 entry in the
Nuclear and Missile Exports to India file.{Entered 9/11/01 RG}
8/5/2001: KIM JONG-IL VISITS KHRUNICHEV For more information please see the
8/5/2001 entry in Russia:
Delivery Vehicle Facilities: M.V. Khrunichev State Space Scientific Production
Center.{Entered
5/15/2002 MJ}
7/18/2001: NEW CHINESE CRUISE MISSILE
REPORTED TO USE RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGY Jane's Rockets and Missiles
reported on 18 July 2001 that in May 2001 China conducted a flight test of a new
turbojet-powered land attack cruise missile based on the C-802 anti-ship missile. In addition to incorporating US and Israeli technologies, the new
missile reportedly also uses some Russian technology from
MKB
Raduga's Kh-55SE missile, a
conventional variant of the Kh-55 [NATO designation AS-15 'Kent'] strategic
cruise missile. [David C. Isby,
"China flight-tests new cruise missile," Jane's Rockets and Missiles
online edition, http://jmr.janes.com/, 18 July 2001.] {Entered 5/28/2002 MJ}
4/9/2001: KHRUNICHEV TO SUPPLY ROCKET BOOSTERS TO INDIA For more information please see the
4/9/2001 entry in the Russia:
Delivery Vehicle Facilities: M.V. Khrunichev State Space Scientific Production
Center. {Entered 5/15/2002 MJ}
2/28/2001: CHINA TO BUY AIR-LAUNCHED KH-35 MISSILES According to a 28 February 2001 Jane's Defence Weekly article, China is
preparing to sign a contract for the purchase of an undisclosed number of the Kh-35 [NATO designation AS-20 'Kayak']
air-launched anti-ship
missile manufactured by Zvezda-Strela.
The missiles are expected to be
integrated with Su-30MKK fighters. [Yihong Zhang, "China to acquire anti-ship missiles,"
Jane's Defence Weekly, 28
February 2001.] {Entered 5/24/2002 MJ}
2/17/2001: RUSSIA LEASES TU-22M3 BOMBERS TO
INDIA Izvestiya reported on 17 February 2001 that
Russia signed a contract to lease four Tu-22M3 'Backfire' long range bombers to India. For
more information, see the 2/17/2001
entry in the Russian Nuclear and Missile
Exports to India file. {Entered 3/13/01 RG}
12/1/2000: PUTIN CREATES MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION COMMITTEE On 1 December 2000 Vladimir Putin signed Presidential Edict No. 1953 creating the
Committee on Military-Technical Cooperation with Foreign Countries. The new committee will
be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense and will be chaired by a deputy
minister of defense. The committee's responsibilities include cooperating with
other government agencies to develop policies to improve Russia's
military-political position in various areas of the world, ensuring
military-technical cooperation with other countries in accordance with
guidelines set forth by the president to further state interests, and
preserving the state monopoly in the area of military-technical cooperation. President Putin also signed a number of edicts establishing new procedures governing the issuing of
import and export licenses for military equipment. The new procedures are to go
into effect beginning on 1 February 2001 without affecting licenses issued
earlier.[1,2] Since its creation, the committee has been active in promoting
Russian arms sales abroad, organizing arms expositions, and other related
activities.[3,4]
Sources: [1] Presidential Edict No. 1953, "Voprosy voyenno-tekhnicheskogo
sotrudnichestva Rossiyskoy Federatsii s inostrannymi gosudarstvami," 1
December 2000; in "O voyennom sotrudnichestve s inostrannymi
gosudarstvami," ITAR-TASS, 7 February 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [2] "Ukazom Putina obrazovan Komitet po VTS s inostrannymi gosudarstvami,
podotchetnyy Minoborony," Interfax, 1 December 2000. [3] "O vystavkakh produktsii voyennogo naznacheniya," ITAR-TASS, 29
March 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/. [4] "Komitet RF po voyenno-tekhnicheskomu sotrudnichestvu s inostrannymi
gosudarstvami uchredil natsionalnuyu premiyu," ITAR-TASS, 27 March 2001;
in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru/.
{Entered 5/25/2001 MJ}
11/4/2000: PUTIN CREATES NEW ARMS EXPORT AGENCY On 4 November 2000 Vladimir Putin ordered the creation
of Rosoboroneksport, a new state-owned arms export agency, combining the
already existing Rosvooruzheniye (Rosvooruzhenie) and Promeksport arms export agencies.
Rosoboroneksport will be headed by the last director of Promeksport, Andrey
Belyaninov, whose career includes service in the Foreign Intelligence Service; several other key positions will be staffed by
Promeksport executives. Promeksport has been notable for the aggressiveness of its marketing
policies, but at the same time its executives may lack Rosvooruzheniye's
experience in managing long-term contract implementation. [Vadim Kozyulin, "Russian Arms Sales: Another
Reform?" Yadernyy Kontrol Digest, Spring 2001, pp. 35-39.] {Entered
4/30/2001 MJ}
5/16/2000: FIRST LOT OF MOSKIT
MISSILES SENT TO CHINA ITAR-TASS reported on 16 May 2000
that the first lot of 24 3M80E Moskit [NATO
designation SS-N-22 'Sunburn'] supersonic anti-ship missiles has been sent to
China.[1] The MKB Raduga-designed missiles were produced by the Progress plant
in Arsenyev (Primorskiy Kray) following a two-year pause in missile production
caused by the plant's financial problems.[2] The total number of missiles
China ordered for its two Russian-built Project 956E Sovremennyy-class
guided missile destroyers is reported to be 48. Commenting on reports that the US
Congress was preparing legislation making Russian debt write-off contingent upon
Russia curtailing its military technical cooperation with China, the Russian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs defended the sale, stating that the deal was both
transparent and in accordance with international regulations.[3] Sources: [1] Nikolay Novichkov, ITAR-TASS, 16 May 2000; in "First Lot of Russian Moskit
Missiles Shipped to China," FBIS Document CEP20000516000142. [2] Interfax, 15 May 2000; in "Russia Sells Missile Complexes to China," FBIS
Document CEP20000515000140. [3] "Moscow will not stop supplying China with 'Moskit' anti-ship missiles,"
Interfax, 14 April 2000. {Entered 5/28/2002 MJ} 5/15/2000:
GREECE DIVERTS S-300PMU1 MISSILES TO CRETE IN FACE OF TURKISH OPPOSITION Exousia reported on 15 May
2000 that Cypriot personnel had completed their training for operating
S-300PMU1 [NATO name SA-10 'Grumble'] surface-to-air missiles that were
purchased from Russia in 1996 and were deployed to Crete. The missiles
were originally intended for deployment to Paphos, Cyprus, but were diverted
after strong opposition by Turkey.[1] Turkey had threatened to destroy
the missiles if they were deployed on Cyprus and also began inspecting Russian
ships traveling through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles to prevent shipment of the
missiles.[2] Two missile batteries were established on Crete and in
January 2000 some limited radar exercises were conducted.[3,4]
Sources: [1] "S-300 Missiles
Heading to Crete," Exousia, 15 May 2000, p. 4; in "Russian S-300
Missiles Said To Be Installed in Crete," FBIS Document GMP20000515000240. [2] Igor
Korotchenko, "Our Friend From NATO: Greece Intends To Continue the Purchase of
Russian-Made Air Defense Systems," Nezavisimoye voyennoye obozreniye,
14 July 2000, p. 1; in "Greece to Buy S-300 Air Defense Systems from Russia,"
FBIS Document CEP20000721000349. [3] Yeoryios
Maloukhos, "The Official 'Premiere' of the S-300 Missiles in Greece-Cyprus,"
I Kathimerini tis Kiriakis, 30 January 2000, p. 16; in "Greek-Cypriot
Military Affairs, Cypriot-Israeli Ties," FBIS Document FTS20000203000166.
[4] Th. Aryirakis,
"Air Defense Has Holes in Greece and Cyprus," Elevtheros Tipos, 10
January 2000, pp. 8-9; in "Greece, Cyprus Seen in Effort To 'Patch Up' Air
Defense," FBIS Document FTS20000111000830. {Entered 4/24/02 RG}
8/9/2000: CIA REPORT SAYS RUSSIA SUPPLIED
BALLISTIC MISSILE TECHNOLOGY TO IRAN, INDIA, AND LIBYA IN 1999 A CIA report to Congress released on 9 August 2000 stated that Russian
entities continued to supply ballistic missile-related goods, technology,
and expertise to Iran, India, and Libya in 1999. According to the report, Russian
entities supplied technology and materials that accelerated Iranian
development of the Shahab-3 MRBM. They also provided missile-related technology and training in
1999 to accelerate future Iranian efforts to develop new ballistic missile
systems. The report also suggested that equipment and technology
imports from Russia contributed to the successful
test-flight of India's newest MRBM, the Agni-2.
["Unclassified Report to Congress on the
Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced
Conventional Munitions, Through December 31,1999, " US Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA), 9 August 2000; in "CIA WMD Report," Disarmament
Diplomacy, No. 49; in The Acronym
Institute Web Site, http://www.acronym.org.uk/49wmd.htm.] {Entered 1/25/01 RG}
12/10/99: INDIAN FRIGATES AND SUBMARINES TO
RECEIVE RUSSIAN CRUISE MISSILES For more information see the 12/10/99 entry in the
Nuclear and Missile Exports to India section. {Entered
6/18/2001 MJ}
8/17-22/99: ISKANDER-E
MISSILE DISPLAYED FOR FIRST TIME AT MAKS-99 AIR SHOW NEAR MOSCOW The Iskander-E ('E' signifies the export variant of
the missile) tactical missile was displayed for the first time at the
MAKS-99 air show, held in Zhukovskiy from 17 through 22 August 1999.[1,2]
Developed by the Kolomna Machine Building Design Bureau, the Iskander-E was
advertised as the most advanced tactical missile on the world export market.
The Iskander-E is an upgraded variant of the 9K714 'Oka' [NATO designation
SS-23 'Spider'] tactical ballistic missile, and was designed by Oleg
Mamalyga, who previously participated in designing the Oka and the 9K79-1 'Tochka-U'
[NATO designation SS-21 'Scarab'] missiles.[3] The Iskander-E is a
one-stage, solid-fuel short range ballistic missile (SRBM). It is
reported to have a range of 280km and carries a payload of 480kg,
characteristics which put it in compliance with the the Missile Technology
Control Regime (MTCR).[1] The variant under development for the Russian
military will likely have a longer range and larger payload. The Iskander-E
is advertised as capable of delivering conventional cluster, penetrating,
and fragmentation-HE warheads. Its Transporter-Erector-Launcher
carries two missiles and can launch both within one minute.[1] The
missile is guided by an optical seeker and a terrain imaging system. It
is also advertised as able to perform in-flight maneuvers, use satellite
guidance systems, and penetrate ballistic missile defenses.[3]
Sources: [1] Sergey Sokut, "Iskander-E Attacks
the Rivals: Russia's Leading Role in the Surface-to-Surface Class of
Missile Weaponry Is Being Restored," Nezavisimoye voyennoye
obozreniye, No. 38, 1-7 October 1999, p. 6; in "Tech Specs of
Iskander-E Missile System," FBIS Document FTS19991007001708. [2] Alexander Andrianov, Vyacheslav Afonin,
Yevgeny Bulakevich, " Moscow Aerospace Festival," Military
Parade online edition, http://www.milparade.com/1999/36/06_01.shtml,
No. 36, November-December 1999. [3] "Rossiyskaya armiya vooruzhayetsya
'Iskanderom'," Agentstvo voyennykh novostey, No. 8, 11 August
1999. {Entered 6/18/2001 MJ} 11/98: PRIMAKOV FORMS EXPORT OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE Russian Prime Minister Yevgeniy Primakov has created
a new federal commission to oversee weapon exports and arms cooperation
with foreign countries. Yuriy Maslyukov, first deputy prime minister for
the defense industry, will lead the new Commission on Military-Technical
Cooperation with Foreign Countries. This will make Maslyukov the senior
Russian official in charge of arms exports, and will include managing the
state-owned arms agency Rosvooruzheniye. Representatives from the Defense
Ministry, Federal Security Service, Foreign Intelligence Service, Ministry
of Finance, and other governmental agencies that supervise arms exports
will participate in the commission. Within a month Maslyukov is to draw
up an outline of his commission's responsibilities and submit it to Primakov
for formal approval. Defense experts believe that Maslyukov will also reshuffle
the leadership at Rosvooruzheniye, which he has repeatedly accused of not
maintaining a sufficient level of sales. Rosvooruzheniye controls 80 percent
of Russia's arms exports.
(For more information on Russian export controls please see the
Export Controls section of
the NIS Nuclear Profiles Database, especially the
export controls developments file.)
[Simon Saradzhyan, "New Committee to
Oversee Russian Weapon Exports," Defense News, 2-8 November 1998, p.14.]
{entered
3/19/99 FW}
1/26/98: RUSSIAN SALE OF S-300PMU1
MISSILES TO CYPRUS
OPPOSED BY TURKEY On 26 January 1998, Turkey reacted negatively to the
opening of a Greek Cypriot air base at Paphos,
Cyprus.
Cyprus authorities intend to deploy S-300PMU1 [NATO designation SA-10 'Grumble'] surface-to-air
missiles at Paphos
that were purchased in 1996.[1,2] Turkey strongly opposed the missile sale and threatened to
use any means necessary to stop the missile shipment to Cyprus.[3] Turkish
authorities claimed that the missiles would upset the balance on Cyprus and
could be armed with nuclear warheads to target Ankara.[1] Sources: [1] Scott Peterson,
"Window for a Solution To Greece-Turkey Clash," Christian Science Monitor
online edition, http://www.csmonitor.com/,
28 January 1998. [2] "S-300 Missiles
Heading to Crete," Exousia, 15 May 2000, p.4; in "Russian S-300 Missile Said
To Be Installed in Crete," FBIS Document GMP20000515000240. [3] Yuriy Golotyuk,
"Missiles For Cyprus," Izvestiya, 1 December 1999, p. 1; in
WPS Defense and Security, 3 December 1999; in Lexis-Nexis
Academic Universe,
http://web.lexis-nexis.com. {Entered 4/22/02 RG}
Nuclear and Missile Exports
