St. Petersburg
Address: 90 Marata Street, St. Petersburg
191126
Telephone: 011-7-812-113-5132
Fax: 011-7-812-164-3749
http://www.ckb-rubin.com
General Designer and Head: Igor Dmitriyevich Spasskiy
Chief Designer: Yuriy N. Kormilitsin
Deputy Chief Designer: Yakov Vasilyevich Fedotov
Deputy Chief Designer: Yuriy Georgiyevich
Chudin
The Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering
has designed three generations of submarines (more than 20 projects, totaling approximately 950 submarines, of which 138 were nuclear), since it was
founded from Special Design Bureau No. 143 in 1901. Rubin designed
most of the Soviet Union's and Russia's ballistic and cruise missile submarines,[1,2,3,8]
as well as attack submarines, including Project 658 [NATO name 'Hotel'] SSBNs,
Project 659 [NATO name 'Echo I'] SSGNs, Project 675 [NATO name 'Echo II'] SSGNs,
Project 667A Navaga [NATO name 'Yankee'] SSBNs, Murena [NATO name Delta I] SSBNs,
Murena M [NATO name 'Delta
II'] SSBNs, Kalmar [NATO name 'Delta III'] SSBNs, Delfin [NATO name 'Delta IV'] SSBNs,
Akula [NATO name 'Typhoon'] SSBNs, Plavnik [NATO name 'Mike'] SSN (the Komsomolets),
Granit and Antey [NATO name 'Oscar'] SSGNs, and the Project 885 Severodvinsk.[4,8]
Diesel submarines built from Rubin designs serve in 14 navies around the
world. Rubin has also been involved in technological planning for
handling and transporting reactor compartments, providing environmentally-safe
storage, and supplying design and technical documentation to submarine
dismantlement facilities.[8] Rubin designed the
"Ukrytiye" (Shelter) project for permanent storage of a nuclear submarine [CNS
believes that this is K-116 (hull 541), which has damaged fuel rods] on an artificial
island made out of a decommissioned floating dock. Another project, "Sarkofag"
(Sarcophagus)
was developed to store two nuclear submarines safely. [CNS
believes that these are submarines with hull numbers 175 and 610, which have
damaged fuel rods.][9] (For more details, see the Project
to entomb three damaged submarines under consideration in the Pacific
Fleet Radioactive Waste Developments section.)
With the waning demand and resources for nuclear
submarine production, the state-controlled Rubin Central Design Bureau
has focused its efforts on establishing commercial exports of fourth generation Amur-class
and Kilo-class diesel submarines,[6] including the sale of a Kilo-class
submarine to Iran.[7] In Directive No. 1847-r of 31 December 1997,
the Russian government granted Rubin the right to engage
for three years in exporting its military products and services independently.[10]
Since 1997, Rubin has participated in the international project Sea Launch,
an offshore, commercial spacecraft rocket launch platform located near
Christmas Island. Rubin also designed an ice-resistant oil and gas
platform as part of its conversion activities.[8]
9/24/2001: RUBIN WANTS TO OUTFIT A TYPHOON FOR
NORILSK NICKEL
On 24 September 2001, Deputy Head of Rubin's Foreign
Economic Activity Department Gennadiy Sorokin said that Rubin is planning to
sign a contract with RAO
Norilsk Nickel to transform an Akula-class [NATO name 'Typhoon'] nuclear
submarine into a cargo vessel capable of transporting goods in the Arctic
Ocean under any weather and icy conditions. Sorokin did not mention the
possible contract's financial value. (For more information on Typhoon
conversion plans, see the 7/26/2000
entry in the General Civilian Naval
Reactor Developments section.)
10/16/2000: CLUB-S ANTISHIP WEAPON SYSTEM AVAILABLE FOR
EXPORTED SUBMARINES
On 16 October 2000, Rubin's Chief Designer Yuriy
Kormilitsin announced that the bureau was ready to modernize previously exported
Varshavyanka [NATO name 'Kilo'] and Lada [NATO name 'Amur'] class
diesel submarines with the new Club-S antiship weapon system.
This system enables the submarine to fire Club-S missiles [NATO designation
SS-NX-27 'Alfa'], as well as torpedoes, from six torpedo tubes in the
bow.[1,2]
The system has already been installed on the
Sindhuvir
submarine built for the Indian Navy in 1988 at Admiralteyskiye
Verfi; the submarine was modernized in 1999 at
Zvezdochka
shipyard in Severodvinsk.[3,4] The newest Indian submarine, Sindhushastra, was
bought with the system already installed. In August 2000, a third submarine,
Sindhuratna, went to Russia for modernization, during which it
will be equipped with the Club-S system.[3,5] According to Jane's
Intelligence Review, India bought the supersonic 3M54E
Club system, which has a range of 220km, not the subsonic 3M54E1 with a longer
range. The Indian Navy plans to have the supersonic system installed on its
seven remaining Varshavyankas. Frigates that are being built for the Indian Navy at the
Baltic
Shipyard will be outfitted with a surface-launched version: the 3M54TE Club-N
system.[4] Russia has exported a total of 19 Varshavyankas and two Amurs to
various countries.[1]
7/4/97: INDONESIAN MINISTER VISITS RUBIN
In July 1997, Indonesian Minister of State for Research
and Technology Yusuf Habibie visited Rubin in St. Petersburg. Specialists believe that Indonesia
might agree to purchase combat ships from Non-Nuclear Submarine Equipment,
a St. Petersburg industrial and financial group that incorporated Rubin
along with several other enterprises and that is producing combat submarines
for foreign countries.
Page last updated 15 November 2001
Comments or questions? Contact Cristina Chuen at MIIS
CNS: Cristina.Chuen@miis.edu
This material is produced independently for NTI
by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the
Monterey Institute of International Studies and
does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has
not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers,
employees, agents. Copyright © 2002 by MIIS.
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