LOCATION: Dubna, Moscow Oblast
Address:  6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna 141980
Telephone:  (09621) 65-059
Fax:  (095) 975-23-81
E-mail:  post@jinr.dubna.su or post@jinr.ru
[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research home page, http://www.jinr.ru.] {Entered 10/12/99 MLB]
HOMEPAGE: http://www.jinr.dubna.su/ or http://www.jinr.ru
ADMINISTRATION:
Director: V. G. Kadyshevskiy
Vice-director: A. N. Sissakian
Vice-director: Ts. Vylov
Chief-engineer: V. P. Sarantsev
ACTIVITIES:
The Joint Institute of Nuclear Research was established as an international scientific center on 26 March, 1956.[1] JINR has 18 member-states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, North Korea, Cuba, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and Vietnam. Germany, Hungary, and Italy concluded separate agreements with the Institute.[2,3,4] JINR is also investigating the possibility of accepting other members, such as China, Egypt, South Korea, Yugoslavia, and perhaps Western nations.[2]
 
JINR conducts research in the following areas: theoretical physics, elementary particle physics, relativistic nuclear physics, heavy ion physics, low- and intermediate-energy physics, neutron scattering, condensed matter physics, radiation biology, nuclear medicine, and experimental instruments and methods.[5]
 
JINR has three heavy ion cyclotrons (U-200, U-400, U-400M), a light nuclear accelerator (Synchrophasotron), a proton accelerator (Phasotron), and a superconducting synchrotron (Nuclotron). An intense resonance neutron source (IREN) is under construction. JINR also has two research reactors: the 2MW IBR-2 pulsed reactor and the 10-13 kW IBR-30 pulsed reactor with a linear electron accelerator.[5,6]
 
Contributions by JINR member-states were projected to be 94% of the $37.5 million FY2000 budget. As of 16 October 2000, only 35% of the planned contributions had been received, with Russia providing 63% of the money. The FY2001 budget is projected to be $37.5 million.[7]
Sources:
[1] "Viktor Kharlamov, "Effekt Dubny," Pravda, 4 April 1996, p. 2.
[2] Abram Oyrysh and Andrey Mushkaterov, "Yadernyy tsentr v Dubne osvaivayet novyye formy finansirovaniya issledovanii," Finansovyye Izvestiya, 10 November 1995, p. 2.
[3] Sergey Goncharov "V gorode ptits i elementarnykh chastits," Rossiyskaya gazeta, 29 June 1996, pp. 2-3.
[4] Nadezhda Sidorkina, "Mezhdunarodnyy naukograd," Vek, No. 12, 30 March 2000.{updated 2/9/01 DK}
[5] Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Web Site http://www.jinr.dubna.su/.
[6] Description of IBR-30 located online at http://nfdfn.jinr.dubna.su/flnph/usersgui/figara.htm.{Revised 9/19/96 KVY, 5/4/97 LBN}
[7] "Moskovskaya oblast. Finansovyy komitet OIYaI podvel itogi 9 mesyatsev," Agentstsvo Regionalnykh Novostey Web Site, http://www.regions.ru/article/comments/id/359866.html. {updated 2/9/01 DK}
STRUCTURE: The following laboratories are located at JINR:
[Unless otherwise indicated the information below is from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Home page: http://www.jinr.dubna.su/.]
 
BOGOLYUBOV LABORATORY OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS
HOMEPAGE: http://thsun1.jinr.ru/
Director: Aleksandr Filippov
["BLTP: Directorate," Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics homepage, http://thsun1.jinr.ru/About/Directorate.html.]{entered 2/9/01 DK}

LABORATORY OF HIGH ENERGIES
Head: A. L. Malakhov
Chief Engineer: Aleksandr Kovalenko
["Effekt Dubny," Pravda, 4 April 1996, p. 2.] {Entered 9/19/96 KVY}

LABORATORY OF PARTICLE PHYSICS
HOMEPAGE: http://sunse.jinr.ru/ 
Head: V. D. Kekelidze
["Directorate," Laboratory of Particle Physics homepage, http://sunse.jinr.ru/structur/director.html.]{entered 2/21/01 DK}

LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR PROBLEMS
HOMEPAGE: http://nuweb.jinr.ru/ 
Head: N. A. Russakovich
["Directorate," Laboratory of Nuclear Problems homepage, http://nuweb.jinr.ru/LNP/People/Directorate.html.]{entered 2/19/01 DK}
 
FLEROV LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS
HOMEPAGE: http://159.93.28.88/flnr/index.html
Head: M. G. Itkis
["Flerov Lab Contact Persons," Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions homepage, http://159.93.28.88/flnr/index.html.]{entered 2/21/01 DK}
 
FRANK LABORATORY OF NEUTRON PHYSICS
HOMEPAGE: http://nfdfn.jinr.ru 
Acting Director: Aleksandr Vladislavovich Belushkin
Deputy Director: Victor Lazarevich Aksenov
["Internal Structure," Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics homepage, http://nfdfn.jinr.ru/flnph/fnlp_struct.html.]{entered 2/21/01 DK}
 
LABORATORY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
HOMEPAGE: http://lit.jinr.ru/ 
Head: Igor Puzynin
["LIT Structure," Laboratory of Information Technologies homepage, http://lit.jinr.ru/nstruct.htm.]{entered 2/19/01 DK}
 
FISSILE MATERIAL: 
JINR has approximately 9kg of plutonium and up to 15kg of HEU in the central storage facility.[1] JINR's IBR-2 and IBR-30 reactors contain approximately 90kg of Pu-239 and PuO₂, and 10kg of U-235.[2,3]
Sources:
[1] Jim Stottlemeyer, "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research," Partnership for Nuclear Security: United States/ Former Soviet Union Program of Cooperation on Nuclear Material Protection, Control, and Accounting (US Department of Energy, December 1997).
[2] Frank Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, "Booster IBR-30 of FLNP (JINR, Dubna)," JINR Web Site, http://nfdfn.jinr.ru/flnph/ibr30.html.
[3] "IAEA Research Reactors Database," IAEA Web Site, http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/rrdb.{entered 2/19/01 DK}
MPC&A:
This site participates in the US Department of Energy MPCA program.  Physical protection and MC&A training emphasizing the installation of tamper indicating devices is complete. Perimeter physical protection final design for reactor building is in review. Final design for relocation and physical reinforcement of the Central Alarm Station is also in review. MC&A system design has been initiated.
[US Department of Energy, Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation, Partnership for Nuclear Material Security (Washington, D.C.,  1997),  p. 18.]{Entered 1/6/98 PBI}
 
For a description of the MPC&A work being performed at this site please see the
Department of Energy's December 1997 document, United States/Former Soviet Union Program of Cooperation on Nuclear Material Protection, Control, and Accounting: Partnership for Nuclear Security and the Department of Energy's September 1998 document, United States/ Former Soviet Union Program of Cooperation on Nuclear Material Protection, Control, and Accounting: Partnership for Nuclear Security.
 
REACTORS: Two
NAME: IBR-30
POWER: 25kW according to Gosatomnadzor;[1] 30kW according to ISTC[2]
Sources:
[1] List of Research Reactors, Critical and Subcritical Assemblies Supervised by Gosatomnadzor, 13 July 1992.
[2] International Science and Technology Center, "Project #245 Radleg",  Kurchatov Institute Web Site, http://www.kiae.ru/radleg/ch6e.htm.{entered 3/21/01 DK}
TYPE: pulsed, air-cooled
[Frank Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, "IBR-30+JUE-40," JINR Web Site, http://nfdfn.jinr.dubna.su/flnph/userguide-97/ibr_lue/.] {entered 3/21/01 DK}
FUEL: 20kg of Pu-239, 10kg of U-235 
[Frank Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, "Booster IBR-30 of FLNP (JINR, Dubna)," JINR Web Site, http://nfdfn.jinr.ru/flnph/ibr30.html.] {entered 3/21/01 DK}
OPERATOR: Russian Academy of Sciences
COMMENTS:
This research reactor was commissioned in 1969. The All-Russian Research and Design Bureau (VNIIPIET)  in St. Petersburg designed the reactor. At present the reactor is not operational. It was the first pulsed reactor of periodic operation for scientific research in the world. According to a facility official, this reactor had a split core made of metal plutonium; between the two parts of this core a was a rotating wheel with a U-235 disc. A neutron pulse was generated when the wheel passed the core.[1] In 1957, for the first time a metallic plutonium fuel alloy was produced for the IBR-30.[2] This is reportedly the site where red mercury was first produced in 1965.[3] The reactor is now a linac booster. There is a linear electron accelerator. Electrons hit a tungsten (or tantalum) target, generating primary neutrons due to photonuclear reaction. These neutrons then go to metal plutonium core where they are multiplied and afterwards used for nuclear physics experiments. Parameters of the booster: the core is about 20kg of metal plutonium, air cooled; the volume of the active core is 2.5 liters.[4] Additional information on IBR-30 parameters and on the reactor's current status can be found on JINR's Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Web Site.
Sources:
[1] List of Research Reactors, Critical and Subcritical Assemblies Supervised by Gosatomnadzor, 13 July 1992.
[2] Valeriy Bogdan, Victor Murogov, Vladimir Kagramanyan, Mikhail Troyanov, "Use Of Plutonium In Russia," Yadernyy kontrol, November 1995, pp. 13-17.
[3] Frank Barnaby, "Red Mercury," International Defense Review, June 1994, pp. 79-81.
[4] Dr. Leonard Spector, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, interviews with officials in Dubna, 11 April 1996.{updated 2/19/01 DK}
 
NAME: IBR-2
TYPE: fast pulsed
POWER:  1.5MWt (steady), 1.5GWt (pulsed)
["IAEA Research Reactors Database," IAEA Web Site, http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/rrdb.]{entered 4/17/01 DK}
FUEL:   82.5kg of 98% PuO₂
["IAEA Research Reactors Database," IAEA Web Site, http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/rrdb.]{entered 4/17/01 DK}
OPERATOR: Russian Academy of Sciences.
COMMENTS:
This research reactor was commissioned in 1977. The State Specialized Design Institute modeled the reactor.[1] According to Leonard Spector of the Carnegie Endowment, the reactor started operation in 1982 and in 1984 was officially approved as an operating research facility.[2] The reactor is protected by a solid concrete dome and can withstand floods (the core is 6m above the earth's surface) and earthquakes of up to 6 points on the Richter scale.[3] The website of JINR's Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics provides information on the parameters of the IBR-2 and on the reactor's current status. Yadernyy kontrol states that plutonium dioxide fuel was first produced and used in the IBR-2 from 1956-1965.[5] Due to five malfunctions caused by bad equipment in December 1997,  Gosatomnadzor's research reactor division ordered that the reactor be taken off-line until the defects have been repaired.[6]  As of September 2000, funding was reportedly being provided for only 20% of needed repairs. The active reflector needs to be replaced by 2003; a new core vessel and fuel loading will be required by 2006. The cost of upgrading is estimated at $6 million. After the upgrade it is estimated that the reactor will operate for 30 years.[7]
Sources:
[1] List of Research Reactors, Critical and Subcritical Assemblies Supervised by Gosatomnadzor, 13 July 1992.
[2] Dr. Leonard Spector, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, interviews with officials in Dubna, 11 April 1996.
[3] Vladimir Dernovoy, "Ne shchekochite u "drakona" pod khvostom. Nauchnyy yadernyy tsentr neuyazvim dlya spetssluzhb i terroristov," Nash Vek, 1 September 2000.{Updated 9/27/00 DK}
[5] Valeriy Bogdan, Victor Murogov, Vladimir Kagramanyan, Mikhail Troyanov, "Use Of Plutonium In Russia," Yadernyy kontrol, November 1995, pp. 13-17.
[6] "Russia Reports Minor Nuclear Safety Incidents in December," Interfax, 5 January 1998.{Entered 10/28/98 LBB}
[7] Vladimir Dernovoy, "'Damoklov mech vysokikh tekhnologiy," Krasnaya zvezda, No. 3,  5 May 1999. {Updated 9/27/00 DK}
 
ARCHIVED JINR DEVELOPMENTS (For more recent developments, see the Research Facilities Developments file):
 
12/1/2002: INDIA GAINS ACCESS TO JINR
The Press Trust of India reported on 1 December 2002 that Russia has granted India access to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. The decision was made in advance of a visit by President Vladimir Putin to India, where issues of nuclear cooperation are to be discussed. An Indian delegation was expected to visit Dubna to discuss the details of India's participation in advanced nuclear research. (For more information on Russian nuclear exports to India, see the Nuclear Exports to India file.)
["Russia opens doors of top nuclear institute for Indians," The Press Trust of India, 1 December 2002; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, http://www.lexis-nexis.com.] {Entered 1/22/2003 MJ}

1/14/2000 JINR SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL DEFINES RESEARCH AGENDA
On 14 January 2000, the Scientific Council of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research approved a new research program through the year 2003. The program will focus on research of condensed matter physics, including solid-state physics research using neutrons; heavy ion physics; and high-energy physics, including elementary particle physics . The Council also assessed JINR's work in 1999 and discussed reform of the Institute in light of the Agreement between JINR and Russia, which came into force on 6 January 2000.
["Prioritety yadernykh issledovaniy opredelil mezhdunarodnyy sovet v Dubne," Interfax, No. 4, 14 January 2000.]{Entered 9/27/00 DK}
 
1/6/2000 AGREEMENT BETWEEN RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT AND JINR COMES INTO FORCE
On 2 January 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research outlining the status of JINR as an international organization and legal entity.
[Soglasheniye mezhdu Pravitelstvom Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Obedinennym institutom yadernykh issledovaniy o mestoprebyvanii i ob usloviyakh deyatelnosti Obedinennogo instituta yadernykh issledovaniy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Rossiyskaya gazeta, No. 42, 29 February 2000, p. 6.]{Entered 9/27/00 DK}
 
 2/1/99: NEW WORKERS TRANSFERRED TO FILL POSTS IN DUBNA
On 1 February 1999, Atompressa reported that 50 skilled personnel from Latvia and Georgia have been transferred to "a newly established institute in Dubna." The specialists from Latvia transferred from the Riga Scientific Research Institute of Radio Instrument Making and the Georgian specialists transferred from Sukhumi Physical and Technical Institute (SFTI). [The Center for Nonproliferation Studies has no further information on this new institute at Dubna and Atompressa did not provide any additional details.]
["The Motto 'Personnel Resolve Everything' Continues to be Important,'" Atompressa, No. 4 (335) February 1999, p. 3; in "Minatom Collegium on Future Direction of Nuclear Sector," FBIS Document FTS19990324001362.] {Entered 11/4/99 SS}
 
1/23/99:  JINR SCIENTISTS DISCOVER NEW ELEMENT
Scientists at JINR, in collaboration with US scientists from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, have discovered a new superheavy element.  The new element, named Dubnium after the town where JINR is located, has an atomic number of 114 and an atomic mass of 289.
["Sensatsionnoye otkrytiye rossiykikh uchenykh," Nezavisimaya gazeta online edition, http://news.mosinfo.ru/news/ng, 23 January 1999.] {Entered 9/30/99 MB}

Last updated 8 July 2004 

Comments or questions? Contact Kenley Butler at MIIS CNS: kenley.butlerATmiis.edu

This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2002 by MIIS.

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