The
CTR program has accomplished much in its first six years and has played
a substantive role in achieving U.S. national security objectives and promoting
global stability. Many of the program's achievements were unthinkable less
than a decade ago; yet tangible results can be delineated for each program
objective. The following lists the major accomplishments of the program
to date.
The CTR Program
has helped make fundamental changes to the political and strategic landscape
of the former Soviet Union. CTR assistance helped Kazakhstan become a non-nuclear
weapons state in April of 1995; Ukraine, which once had the potential to
become the third largest nuclear power, became a non-nuclear weapons state
in June 1996; and, Belarus became a non-nuclear weapons state in November
1996.
* Note:
Data current as of 25 August 1998
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In
Ukraine, the CTR Program assistance has included:
-
safe return of
1900 strategic nuclear warheads to Russia;
-
providing equipment
which enabled the early deactivation of the 460 warheads from 46 SS-24
ICBMs;
-
providing 58 intermodal
tank containers for defueling and transporting oxidizer, and providing
a facility capable of storing 3,810 metric tons of fuel from the 110 SS-19
ICBMs at Khmelnitskiy and Pervomaysk;
-
eliminating 92
SS-19 ICBMs at the CTR-provided SS-19 Neutralization and Dismantlement
facility;
-
eliminating 118
ICBM silos by providing equipment and an integrating contractor for SS-19
dismantlement tasks;
-
constructing 261
houses at the Pervomaysk ICBM base and 605 apartments at the Khmelnitskiy
ICBM base to demobilize the equivalent of more than six Strategic Rocket
Forces regiments;
-
preparing to eliminate
51 SS-24 ICBM and launch control silos, and 55 SS-24 missiles.
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In
Belarus, CTR assistance has led to:
-
safe return of
81 SS-25 ICBM and associated warheads to Russia;
-
establishing an
analytical chemistry laboratory and equipping an AN-26 aircraft with remote
sensing equipment to help restore the environment at former Strategic Rocket
Forces facilities and sites.
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The
CTR Program has assisted Kazakhstan by:
-
safe return of
1400 strategic nuclear warheads and 104 SS-18 ICBMs, as well as their support
equipment to Russia;
-
eliminating 93
of the 148 ICBM (mostly SS-18) silo launchers, launch control centers and
test silos located at Zhangiz-Tobe, Derzhavinsk, Semipalatinsk and Leninsk;
-
closing and sealing
152 of 181 nuclear weapons test tunnels at the Degelen Mountain Test Tunnel
Complex and six vertical test bore holes at Balapan;
-
providing equipment
and services to dismantle 7 heavy bombers.
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The
CTR Program has assisted Russia to accelerate strategic offensive arms
elimination to START levels, by:
-
providing equipment
and services to help eliminate 96 SLBM launchers;
-
providing equipment
and services to help dismantle 50 ICBM silos;
-
providing equipment
and services to dismantle 30 heavy bombers;
-
assisting in the
disposal of 100,000 metric tons of liquid propellant from ballistic missiles;
and,
-
providing equipment
and services which resulted in the elimination of 119 SS-11s, 10 SS-17s,
100 SS-18s, and 12 SS-19 ICBMs, along with eight SLBMS.
CTR has enhanced
the security, control, accounting and storage of nuclear weapons and fissile
materials in Russia by:
-
providing design,
equipment, training, materials and construction services associated with
the construction of a 50,000 container fissile material storage facility
at Mayak. The foundation for Phase I is complete and walls and roof are
being constructed;
-
delivering over
25,000 fissile material containers to Mayak
-
delivering 4,000
kevlar ballistic blankets which are used to enhance the protective capability
of nuclear weapons containers and vehicles while nuclear weapons are in
transport;
-
providing 150 supercontainers
for physical and ballistic protection of nuclear weapons during transport;
-
providing computers
and associated training to enhance MOD's capability to account for and
track nuclear warheads;
-
delivering 117
railcar conversion kits (100 cargo, 15 guard and two prototypes) to enhance
the physical security of warheads and nuclear weapons in transit;
-
delivering emergency
support equipment to enhance the Russian capability to respond to potential
accidents involving nuclear weapons. Five mobile response complexes have
been delivered.
The CTR Program
has helped to initiate and accelerate Russia's chemical and biological
weapons destruction program by:
-
delivering three
mobile chemical analytical laboratories;
-
working jointly
with Russia to evaluate and validate the Russian two-step chemical weapons
destruction process;
-
developing design
concepts and planning documentation to support site selection and construction
approval for a CWDF at Shchuch'ye, Kurgan Region;
-
developing design
concepts and planning documentation to support site selection and construction
approval for a Chemical Weapons Destruction facility at Shchuch'ye (Kurgan
Region);
-
providing assistance
to eliminate a former Soviet facility designed for the production of biological
weapons.
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To
ensure assistance provided under the CTR Program is used as intended, CTR
agreements include provisions for the United States to conduct audits and
examinations (A&Es) of the assistance provided. Through August 17,1998
18 A&Es have been conducted in Russia, 16 in Ukraine, 11 in Belarus,
and 10 in Kazakhstan, for a total of 55. The total volume of assistance
audited by these A&Es was $355 million. Detailed annual reports of
these activities are submitted to Congress. To date, all A&Es have
been successfully completed and results continue to indicate that DoD assistance
is being properly utilized, accounted for, and maintained. After some initial
difficulties in coming to agreement on A&E procedures with the recipient
countries, A&Es have become a routine and regular part of the CTR Program.
At least one A&E per month is scheduled through the year 2001.
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Through
defense and military contacts, the United States educates FSU military
staffs on the role and functions of the military in western society. These
activities are an important component of the effort to expand the domain
in which U.S. security interests coincide, rather than conflict, with those
of the recipient states. Through August 17, 1998, 354 contacts were funded
in Russia, 266 in Ukraine, 105 in Kazakhstan, 59 in Belarus, 16 in Kyrgyzstan,
34 in Moldova, 21 in Georgia, 32 in Uzbekistan, and 14 in Turkmenistan.
Overall
management and implementation of the program has become increasingly efficient
and effective. The organized and focused structure of the management team
and its ability to develop and utilize management tools to predict and
respond to implementation difficulties are evident in the obligation rates
for the CTR Program. As of June 30, 1998, a total of $1.7 billion has been
obligated.
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