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Updated March 2006
Missile Chronology
1992-1993
22 January 1992
Middle East sources report that Syria and Iran are actively pursuing Chinese M-9 missiles. The M-9, a solid-fuel missile with a planned range of 600km (325nm), is aimed at export markets. The missile will carry an 800kg warhead with a 500kg high explosive core.
— "Syria, Iran want to buy China's M-9," Flight International, 22 January 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
24 January 1992
China and Israel establish formal diplomatic relations.
— "China, Israel Forge Ties; Beijing to Participate in Mideast Peace Talks," Houston Chronicle, 24 January 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
31 January 1992
American intelligence reports indicate that China is continuing to sell missile technology to Syria and Pakistan despite statements by Chinese leaders that they are willing to curb missile exports, according to senior Administration officials. Beijing has recently delivered to Syria about 30 tons of chemicals needed to make a solid-fuel missile and plans to deliver an additional 60 tons in March or April. Defense Secretary Dick Cheney calls the amount of technology and chemicals being transferred "significant." Defense Intelligence Agency Director Lieutenant General James R. Clapper Jr. says that "China is currently assisting many of the nations that we estimate will acquire a ballistic missile capability by the end of the decade." Officials also report that China sold guidance units to Pakistan that could be used to control the flight of M-11 missiles.
— Elaine Sciolino and Erik Schmitt, "China Said to Sell Parts for Missiles," New York Times, 31 January 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
3 February 1992
Mednews reports that at the International Symposium on Arms Proliferation, held at the University of Wisconsin in December 1991, Hua Di, a prominent Chinese scientist, confirmed that China was installing Israeli guidance kits and other top equipment on its ballistic missiles. "There is no real chance of limiting Chinese ballistic missiles. They are one of the most important sources of income for the Chinese treasury." He went on to say that "China's M-11 missiles are being developed strictly for export as they have no practical use in Chinese defense planning."
— "China exports Israeli missile tech to Arab states," Mednews- Middle East Defense News, 3 February 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
13 February 1992
China denies reports it made a deal to sell Iran parts that could be used in the development of medium-range ballistic missiles. "That is a totally groundless and fabricated allegation," the Foreign Ministry said in response to questions about the reports. The brief statement was carried by the state-run Xinhua News Agency.
— "China Denies Selling Iran Key Parts to Missile Development," Associated Press, 13 February 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
22 February 1992
China announces it will comply with international guidelines on the sale of missiles and technology as part of a deal to repay the United States for lifting some sanctions imposed on Peking last June. Washington recently said it was lifting the sanctions, which were imposed because of evidence China was supplying missiles to Syria and Pakistan.
— "China Complies," Independent, 23 February 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
24 February 1992
The Bush administration lifts trade sanctions it imposed on China because of its role in exporting missile technology to third world countries. The administration said that it also expects China to pledge adherence to international guidelines limiting such exports.
— Gerald F. Seib, "Bush Lifts Sanctions against China In Expectation of Curb on Missile Sales," Wall Street Journal, 24 February 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
25 February 1992
U.S. officials declare that an investigation of Israel finds no proof of Patriot missile technology transfers to China. State Department spokeswoman Margaret Tutwiler announces "Israel has a clean bill of health on the Patriot issue." She went on to decry leaks from U.S. government officials as "irresponsible," saying that "Those who leaked intelligence reports owe both the United States government and the Israeli government an apology."
— Johanna Neuman, "Israel clear in missile sale probe," USA Today, 3 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
27 February 1992
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs James Lilley calls for China to curb ballistic missile and nuclear technology exports. Mr. Lilley's calls are a result of recent allegations of Chinese missile sales to Iran. He went on to say that he hopes Beijing would take a 'wise course' of curtailing deliveries in keeping with its decision last year to adhere to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and comply with western guidelines on missile-related sales.
— David White, "Pentagon urges pressure on Beijing over high-tech weapon sales," Financial Times, 27 February 1992. in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
9 March 1992
The U.S. announces its intention to lift sanctions that were imposed last June on Chinese companies involving missile technology proliferation. The statement says that the U.S. expects China to announce its adherence to the guidelines and parameters of the MTCR. The statement read "Our action comes following receipt of a letter on February 1 from PRC Foreign Minister Qian Qichen in response to a letter from Secretary Baker. This letter confirmed that China will abide by the MTCR guidelines and parameters, as agreed in Beijing last November during the Secretary's trip."
— "China's Adherence to Missile Control Guidelines," Department of State, 9 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
12 March 1992
Israel denies a Washington Times report that it had sold a Patriot missile or Patriot missile technology to China. A defense ministry spokesman tells Israeli radio the story was "lies" and "totally baseless."
— "Israel Denies Selling Patriot Missile to China," Moneyclips, 12 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>
13 March 1992
The Bush administration launches an investigation into intelligence reports claiming Israel did sell Patriot Missile technology to China. Israel continues to deny ever selling such equipment.
— Laurence Jolidon; Johanna Neuman, "Israel missile charges probed," USA Today, 13 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 March 1992
A State Department investigation determines Israel did improperly resell American equipment. That equipment includes American air-to-air missiles to China that were based on the Sidewinder. In a written statement, Israeli Press Counselor Ruth Yaron says that "the allegations in various press reports are sensitive matters which are subject to negotiations between the government of Israel and the government of the United States."
— David Hoffman, R. Jeffery Smith, "Israel Arms Sales Illegal, U.S. Finds; State Dept. Says Technology Export Rules Were Ignored," Washington Post, 14 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 March 1992
Defense Minister Moshe Arens admits in an interview with CNN that Israel is selling arms to China. The Associated Press reports Israel helped China develop the guidance system for the CCS-2, a medium-range missile the Chinese sold to Saudi Arabia.
— Alon Pinkas, "Arens admits arms are being sold to China," Jerusalem Post, 15 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
17 March 1992
Defense Secretary Dick Cheney presses Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens about Patriot missile sales to China. The Israelis again deny the allegations and agree to allow U.S. inspectors into Israel to check the Patriot batteries Israel already has.
— Eric Schmitt, "Cheney Presses Israeli on China Missile-Aid Issue," New York Times, 17 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
22 March 1992
A Chinese launch of a Long March-2E rocket fails. The commercial launch vehicle is a modified intercontinental ballistic missile. The strap-on engine, which appeared on Chinese television to have caught fire, was one of two booster rockets on the original missile.
— Daniel Green, "Failure Grounds Chinese Space Hopes," Financial Times, 23 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
23 March 1992
The U.S. dispatches a15-member fact-finding team to open investigations into accusations that Israel sold Patriot missile technology to China. The team is mostly U.S. Army missile specialists.
— "Israel Visit," USA Today, 23 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
28 March 1992
Israeli officials announce that the U.S. delegation investigating its Patriot Missile batteries found no evidence that Israel transferred technology to China. Israel again denies accusation that it sold air-to-air Sidewinder missiles to China.
— Jackson Diehl, "U.S. team wraps up check of Patriot missiles in Israel," Chicago Sun-Times, 29 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
29 March 1992
The Sunday Telegraph reports that Saudi Arabia, not Israel, sold Patriot missile technology to China, The British paper said Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, has evidence that Patriot technology was given to Chinese technicians who maintain and service Chinese missiles in Saudi Arabia.
— "Report: U.S. Told Saudis Leaked Patriot Secrets to China" Associated Press, 29 March 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
3 April 1992
The United States issues a report clearing Israel of any wrong doing in regards to Patriot Missile related transfers to China. The report states that Israel did sell some sensitive equipment though. China, Israel's biggest customer of weapons exports, got most of the exports, but Chile and South Africa also bought systems which contained the American technology. They included heat seeking air-to-air missiles, radar and jamming devices, and anti-tank missiles.
— Sawa N, "US Clears Israel on Patriot Sales Claims," Herald Sun, 3 April 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
6 April 1992
Wu Keli, President of Great Wall Industries, offers to launch Israeli satellite into space with a Chinese rocket. This has raised concerns in Washington, as it comes on the heels of a U.S. investigation into the potential Israeli transfer of Patriot missile technologies to China. "Our rocket is very cost-effective and we are prepared to offer guarantees against any technical problems," Wu said in an Army Radio interview. Referring to the recent controversy regarding allegations of Patriot missile transfers from Israel to China, Wu said China is "not interested in Patriot Missiles."
— "Offer to launch Israeli satellites with Chinese rockets raises eyebrows," United Press International, 6 April 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
7 April 1992
The Toronto Star reports that it was Chinese officials who leaked the sale of Patriot missile technology from Israel to China to American intelligence officials a last month. Chinese attaches in the Netherlands and Syria separately told U.S. diplomats in mid-to- late March that China had received sensitive data on the anti-missile missile from Israel, according to U.S. military and civilian intelligence sources. "They (the Chinese attaches) did not say what (Patriot) technology was provided," said a military intelligence official. He said U.S. intelligence analysts believed the information was officially passed on to the United States to "limit the damage" from U.S. concerns of China's proliferation of ballistic missiles and technology to developing countries.
— "Chinese confirm trade in secrets; officials say," Toronto Star, 7 April 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 May 1992
The U.S. State Department says it has no evidence that China is violating the MTCR by selling missiles or missile components to Pakistan or Syria. The State Department did say that it will continue to closely monitor Chinese missile trade and transfers. The State Department will "continue to study any reports of Chinese transfers of military technology and to monitor Chinese behavior closely."
— "US to keep monitoring Peking's missile sales," Central News Agency (Taiwan), 18 May 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
22 May 1992
China confirms that it tested a one megaton nuclear bomb. The test, equivalent to one-million tonnes of TNT, took place underground in the desert of north-west China. It is the most powerful test the world has seen in more than 20 years. The huge underground nuclear blast set off by the Chinese military was the test of a warhead for a new intercontinental ballistic missile that is under development, U.S. officials said. A Chinese ICBM with a one-megaton warhead would carry about the same explosive power as the SS-18 Mod 5, the most advanced missile in the nuclear arsenal of the former Soviet Union that carries numerous warheads capable of delivering up to 900 kilotons of explosive power. Department of Mines and Energy seismologist David Love said that the department's equipment showed the earth tremor caused by the test was equal to that of an earthquake measuring about seven on the Richter scale.
— Mark Douglas, "Chinese detonate huge N-bomb," Advertiser, 23 May 1992. <www.lexis-nexis.com>; Bill Gertz, "Nuclear blast was test for new Chinese ICBM," Washington Times, 23 May 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 June 1992
Secretary of State James Baker announces that China is "living up to their commitment" to curb missile and technology trade. China pledged several months ago to work to stop shipments of medium-range missiles to several Middle East countries. Baker also says that he has no information to support allegations that the Chinese are using North Korea as a middleman to sell those missiles to the Middle East.
— "China respecting commitments on arms transfers: Baker," Agence France Presse, 15 June 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
17 June 1992
The U.S. Department of Commerce takes steps to tighten U.S. controls on exports of missile technology to China and 20 other countries in the Middle East and South Asia. A spokesman for the Commerce Department's Bureau of Export Administration said that the U.S. move intends to further prevent proliferation of missile technology. The Commerce Department also amended its export administration regulations to include China and other countries on a list that is subject to U.S. export controls on missile technology.
— "US tightens controls on exports of missile technology," Central News Agency (Taiwan), 19 June 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
18 June 1992
Robert S. Norris, a senior researcher at National Resources Defense Council, says that most of China's deliverable nuclear weapons consist of ballistic missiles with ranges between 1,400 and 13,000 kilometers. "Because of their range, the vast majority of these are aimed at Asian targets." He also says that China may have as many as 10 ICBMs capable of reaching Europe or North America.
— "Red China has 250-325 nuclear warheads," Central News Agency (Taiwan), 18 June 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
8 August 1992
The New York Times reports that Iran has committed more than $7 billion to acquire fighter jets, missiles, tanks, and nuclear technology from China, North Korea and Russia, according to officials who monitor country's efforts. The secretive program, which began in 1988, has been so costly that a Western European embassy in Teheran told its government recently that the Iranian economy is so overstretched that it doubts it could honor its debts.
— Youssef M Ibrahim, "Iran said to commit $7 billion to secret arms plan," New York Times, 8 August 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
4 August 1992
The Inter-Press Service reports that a Russian official responsible for arms control policy confirmed Russia's intent to sell surface-to-surface and surface-to-air missiles to China. The official said that the missiles would be of limited range and pose no new threat to Asia.
— John Helmer, "Russia: Government likely to sell missiles to China," IPS-Inter Press Service, 4 August 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
11 September 1992
The Bush administration notifies Congress that it is waiving legislative restrictions on satellite projects for China. State Department spokesman Richard Boucher announces that U.S. satellites may be launched with Chinese rockets, including the Dong Fang Hong 3.
— "US Waves Export Restrictions on Satellites for Peking," Central News Agency-Taiwan, 11 September 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
15 September 1992
State Department spokesman Richard Boucher announces that the United States received information that a Japanese firm illegally sold an electron beam machine that may have helped China make better missiles. Boucher asserted that the sale of the equipment concerns a possible violation of Japanese law and said Washington will share any findings in the U.S. probe with Japanese authorities. The alleged sales took place in 1985, and although sales to China at that time would have violated the law, sales to Hong Kong at that time would have been legal. The Japanese firm accused of the illegal sales is the Toshiba Machine Company, which claims they did nothing in violation of the law.
— "U.S. Probes Japan Sale of Electron Beam Machine to China," Japan Economic Newswire, 17 September 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>; Andrew Pollack, "China-Japan link on missiles seen," New York Times, 16 September 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
21 September 1992
Aviation Week & Space Technology reports that according to Hua Di, a visiting scholar at Stanford University who served as a scientist and missile designer with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) from the 1960s through the 1980s, China is developing a new long- range ballistic missile equipped with a two-metric-ton, high-explosive warhead as one element of a three-pronged technology program to modernize conventional forces of the PLA. This would give it the offensive punch to enforce territorial claims in the South China Sea.
— David A. Fulghum, Paul Proctor, "Chinese Coveting Offensive Triad," Aviation Week &Space Technology, 21 September 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
7 October 1992
U.S. government officials announce that Russia has agreed to sell mobile SS-25 ICBMs, and medium-range Backfire bombers to China. A Russian official admitted that the deal was concluded three weeks ago, and that the number of missiles and bombers included was significant. The SS-25 is a new type of ICBM which made its debut in a Revolution Day anniversary parade in Moscow in 1990. It has been regarded as a "special threat" by the United States because of its mobility and its ability to carry multiple nuclear warheads, just one of which has a destructive capacity equal to that of 60 Hiroshima bombs. The SS-25 has high accuracy and a range of 10,500 kilometers. It was first deployed around 1985. The United States insisted on making it subject to deployment limitations during negotiations over the START treaty, which the U.S. Senate recently ratified. Backfire bombers have a range of 4,000 kilometers, maximum speed of Mach 1.8 and a weapons load of 12 tons.
— Saki Ouchi, "Russia selling ICBMs,; Bombers to China," Daily Yomiuri, 9 October 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
18 October 1992
The New York Times alleges that Russia is selling high-technology missile-guidance, rocket engines and other advanced weapons to China. "Re-export is a big problem," a pentagon source says. "You don't know what the Chinese will do with the stuff once they get the high-tech capabilities." Washington officials also claim that Russia is selling technology to China that can be used to enrich uranium. The official also says that Russia has sold S-300 surface-to-air missiles to China.
— Michael R. Gordon, "Moscow is Selling Weapons to China, U.S. Officials Say," New York Times, 18 October 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
10 November 1992
Li Daoyi, China's ambassador to the U.N., denies China sold missiles and other military equipment to Iraq. Li denies the accusations in a phone call with Israeli ambassador Gad Ya'acobi, who telephoned him after reading of the alleged weapons transfer in American and Israeli newspapers.
— "China denies giving missiles to Iraq," Jerusalem Post, 11 November 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
23 November 1992
Mednews reports a U.S. government official claims that China is seeking to purchase equipment in the United States and Europe for a new project to build a strategic cruise missile. The Chinese government has signed a contract with Garrett Engines to purchase a turnkey factory to build advanced turbo-fans, a key technology to cruise missile. There may be little the government can do to stop the deal from going through, since this technology was decontrolled by the Commerce Department several years ago and thus requires no export license for China.
— "China seeks cruise missiles," Mednews-Middle East Defense News, 23 November 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
30 November 1992
The Los Angeles Times reports that Russia's extensive sales of advanced military technology to mainland China are enabling Peking to obtain core elements of the high-technology defense industries that made the Soviet Union a superpower. According to the Times, "now, officials say, there is evidence that the sales have widened and that China is acquiring a broad capability to design, produce and sustain its own modern, cutting-edge weapons systems." "The Chinese are trying to transfer a high-technology industrial base from Russia to China," a senior U.S. official was quoted as saying. "It's both people and technology, for new guidance systems, cruise missiles, anti-submarine warfare, and missile testing."
— "Russia's Military Transfer to China Widens," Central News Agency (Taiwan), 1 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
3 December 1992
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Li Jianying issues a statement saying that the allegations made in the Los Angeles Times regarding Russian arms sales to China are exaggerated. He goes on to reiterate that the Chinese-Russian relationship is a normal exchange of economic, cultural, science and engineering cooperation. Some of that science and engineering exchange does include military hardware.
— Itar Tass, "Reports on use of Russian Technology Exaggerated-Official," The Russian Information Agency, 3 December 1992, <www.lexis-nexis.com>
4 December 1992
Intelligence analysts are trying to determine if new Pakistani missiles are Chinese M-11 missiles, or if they are shorter range missiles. The M-11 missiles would contradict Chinese commitments to not sell medium-range missiles to Pakistan, however if they are the shorter range missiles, they are not in violation of any Chinese statements. Congress has promised sanctions if China does sell the M-11 missiles to Pakistan.
— R. Jeffery Smith, "China Said to Sell Arms to Pakistan; M-11 Missile Shipment May Break Vow to US," Washington Post, 4 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
5 December 1992
Pakistani officials deny they violated any rules governing arms control in response to claims by U.S. officials that China sold Pakistan nuclear-capable M-11 missiles. "We have violated no rule or regulation but we will give a full statement later," the official stated. "We will give a complete reaction in two or three days," he added.
— Anwar Iqbal, "Pakistan denies breach of rules over arms sales," United Press International, 5 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
6 December 1992
Former Pakistani chief of staff Mirza Aslam Berg says in an interview that China did sell Pakistan M-11 missiles that did not have nuclear capabilities. He said the "missiles have a range of less than 300 kilometers (180 miles), were not built to carry nuclear warheads and were not precise enough to carry out that type of mission."
— "China sold Islamabad M-11 missiles; former official," Agence Presse France, 6 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
7 December 1992
China denies selling M-11 Missiles to Pakistan. A Chinese Foreign Ministry official describes the allegations as "groundless."
— "China Denies Selling Missiles to Pakistan," Toronto Post, Reuter, 7 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
7 December 1992
The United States postpones a decision to sell a supercomputer to China because of allegations that China sold M-11 missiles to Pakistan. Washington believes that China may have broken agreements with the U.S. in selling M-11 missiles or related missile components to Pakistan. However, the U.S. government says it can not confirm whether China had sold banned missiles to Pakistan or not.
— "US Postpones Selling Computer to Chinese," Courier-Mail, 7 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>; "Washington Will Not Confirm Sale of Chinese Missiles to Pakistan," Agence France Presse, 7 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
16 December 1992
Hua Di, a former leading member of China's ballistic missile projects, writes in a report that China is developing a new land-mobile ICBM capable of reaching the continental United States as well as a long-range submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), According to Hua, the Chinese government hopes the new ICBM will become operational by the end of the 1990s for possible deployment before 2010, with the new SLBMs ready for use by the mid-1990s.
— Ryoichi Hamamoto, "China's Expanding Ballistic Missile Program; ICBM Capable Of Reaching U.S. Could Be Ready For Deployment Before 2010," Daily Yomiuri, 16 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
17 December 1992
Russian President Boris Yeltsin, in Beijing on a visit, declares that there are "great prospects" for enhancing Chinese-Russian military cooperation. Recent reports out of Russia claim that China is trying to buy military hardware, including SAM-300 ground-to-air rockets, the Russian equivalent of the U.S. Patriot missile.
— Alan Cooperman, "Yeltsin: "Great Prospects" for Military Cooperation with China," Associated Press, 17 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
23 December 1992
The Chinese government orders France to close down its consulate in the Southern Chinese city of Canton, also known as Guangzhou, in Guangdong Province. The order is retaliation to French sales of 60 2000-5 jet fighters worth $ 2.6 billion and 1,000 missiles to Tawian. The move is seen as a warning to other European countries considering similar sales.
— Kathy Wilhelm, "China Orders France to Close Canton Consulate," Associated Press, 23 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
29 December 1992
The Japanese paper Yomiuri Shimbun reports that several hundred technical experts from the former Soviet Union are working at military plants in China, helping to improve the reliability and accuracy of Chinese missiles.
— Vasily Golovnin, "Yomiuri: Several Hundred Missile Specialists Work In China," TASS The Russian Information Agency, 29 December 1992, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
5 January 1993
CIA Director Robert Gates confirms in a report that there is evidence China has obtained Patriot missile technology. The report says that while there are different views on the issue, there are indications that China did receive at least some Patriot technology. This marks the first time an official confirmed that there had been illegal transfers of missile technology to China.
— "China has Patriot Missile Technology: Gates," Agence France Presse, 5 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
8 January 1993
The United States calls for China to implement stiffer guidelines in the control of missile proliferation. Two U.S. senators met with Prime Minister Li Peng to convey the U.S. desire for China to abide by the new rules in the MTCR. Defense Secretary-Designate Les Aspin also confirmed that the Clinton administration does not intend to reconsider the agreement of the Bush administration to sell F-16s to Taiwan.
— Michael Chugani and Willy Wo-Lap Lam, "US urges missile rules on Beijing," South China Morning Post, 9 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
8 January 1993
The BBC reports that a Western diplomatic source claims that China is trading missile technology and a nuclear power station to Iran in return for MiG-29 fighter jets. Iran and China reportedly reached an agreement on the trade at the end of last year.
— "China; China's plan to purchase MiGs from Iran and use them to update its fighters," BBC, 8 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
12 January 1993
The U.N. condemns Iraqi forces for crossing the border with Kuwait and raiding a weapons depot. Amongst the weapons taken, Iraq seized four Chinese anti-ship Silkworm missiles.
— Press Association Limited, 12 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
18 January 1993
Aviation Week & Space Technology reports that China is using secretly acquired Patriot air defense technology to improve the less-effective Soviet era technology it has purchased in the past. The analyst said that the Chinese have a program intact to improve the Soviet SA-10 and SA-12 surface-to-air missiles with Patriot technology.
— David A. Flughum, "China exploiting US Patriot secrets," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 18 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
30 January 1993
A U.S. analyst says Syria, China and Iran are developing cruise missiles that will be operable by 2000 according to a new Pentagon report. The report notes that China's cruise missiles are of particular concern because of China's nuclear capabilities.
— Sid Balman Jr, "Syria, Iran and China developing cruise missiles," United Press International, 30 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
31 January 1993
China announces a new destroyer has entered its naval fleet. The destroyer was deemed ready after successful missile tests took place at sea.
— "New Destroyer Enters Chinese Navy," Agence France Presse, 31 January 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
1 February 1993
Aviation Week & Space Technology reports that cruise missiles present the biggest proliferation threat according to a report circulating the U.S. Department of Defense. Among others, the report lists China as having cruise missiles with low observable or stealth capable missiles.
— "Cruise Missiles Becoming Top Proliferation Threat," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 1 February 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
1 February 1993
Pentagon officials confirm that former Defense Secretary Cheney received intelligence briefings proving that Israel had transferred Patriot Missile technology to China. Mr. Cheney was told that in return for the Patriot technology, China gave Israel information on the Chinese M-line of missiles, including the M-9 and M-11 missiles.
— David A. Flughum, "Defense Department Confirms Patriot Technology Diverted," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 1 February 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
4 February 1993
Wu Jianmin, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, denies that China, Syria and Iran are cooperating on cruise missile development. The denial is a response to the U.S. Department of Defense report.
— "China denies rumored cooperation with Syria, Iran for missile development," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 4 February 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 February 1993
The China North Industries Corp., China National Precision Machinery Import and Export Corp. and China Shipbuilding Trading Company ltd. attend an arms show in Abu Dhabi. On display are Red-Arrow 8 anti-tank missiles, a multiple rocket launcher system with a range of 80 kilometers, main battle tanks, and armored personnel carriers.
— "Abu Dhabi Arms Show Opens," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 14 February 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
18 February 1993
China displays an advanced sea-skimming missile at an arms show in Abu Dhabi. Chinese officials say that the missile has drawn interest from Iran and other Gulf States. The C-802 multi-purpose anti-ship missile has a range of 120 kilometers (75 miles) compared with 110 kilometers (69 miles) for the U.S Harpoon missile, according to Jeng Deyun, head of the Chinese delegation to the show. The six-meter missile can be deployed on warships, coastal bases and aircraft for attacking ships, including destroyers, escort vessels, landing craft and other targets.
— "Iran interested in new Chinese anti-ship missile," Agence France Presse, 18 February 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
24 February 1993
Before the Senate Government Affairs Committee, CIA Director James Woolsey testifies that China continues to be a proliferation threat. Woolsey says that China continues to obtain missile technology from Russian and Ukraine.
— "Peking remains major concern in weapons proliferation," Central News Agency-Taiwan, 25 February 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
1 March 1993
Indian External Affairs Minister Dinesh Singh tells China that the Chinese supply of sophisticated arms and missiles that go beyond defense purposes threatens Indian security. Mr. Singh says that these actions may negate confidence building measures between China and India.
— "South Asia; China told missiles for Pakistan threaten India," British Broadcasting Channel, 3 March 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
3 March 1993
The South China Morning Post reports that a diplomatic source says China is acquiring advanced surface-to-air missiles from Russia. "The Chinese are already installing launchers for the S300s, which seems to indicate deliveries will be relatively swift," a source said. The sources said Beijing had recently entered into agreements with Moscow for the purchase of at least 100 S-300 missiles, one of the best defense systems in the Russian arsenal. Specially adapted for high-altitude maneuvers, the S-300, also known as the SA-10, went into operation about 10 years ago. The weapon has been so effective that it is compared to the United States' Patriot missile.
— "Mainland to buy missiles from Russia," South China Morning Post, 3 March 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
1 April 1993
China provides South Africa with technology that would extend the range of South Africa's nuclear capable missile to 2,000 miles. South Africa recently admitted to its weapons program and has said that it has since been abandoned.
— "News: China Gave South Africa Missile Technology," FT Energy Newsletters- Energy Economist, 1 April 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
15 April 1993
Augusto Pinochet travels to China to attempt to sell Chilean "Rayo" missiles. "Rayo" missiles are ground-to-ground missiles with a range of 40 kilometers.
— "Chile: Pinochet Flies to China to Discuss Arms Sales," IPS-Inter Press Service, 15 April 993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
20 April 1993
The International Campaign for Tibet (ITC) claims China is dumping nuclear waste on the Tibetan plateau and has built missiles sites there. The ITC claims that "China's positioning of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons on the Tibetan plateau has put many of India's major industrial and military facilities within striking distance of short-range missiles,' said the report entitled Nuclear Tibet."
— Tony Walker, "China 'dumping N-waste in Tibet': Indian industrial and military facilities within missile range, says report," Financial Times, 20 April 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
30 April 1993
A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman declares that China strongly opposes conditions being attached to its most favored nation trade (MFN) status. Conditions being considered by Washington include tying MFN status to Chinese controls on missile proliferation.
— "China; China "Resolutely Opposed" to any conditions on its trading status," British Broadcasting Channel, 30 April 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
6 May 1993
U.S. officials announce they have satellite images of new Chinese surface-to-surface missiles in Pakistan. Satellite photos of the Pakistani port of Karachi show that China has not stopped the shipments of the M-11 missiles since they began last fall. As a result of these images, the U.S. threatens to impose new trade sanctions on China in retaliation.
— "US Accuses China in Sale of Missiles," Toronto Star, 6 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S. says China could face sanctions for missile violations," Agence France Presse, 6 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
6 May 1993
The U.S. issues a strong statement, warning China that if it doesn't stop missile sales to the Middle East the U.S. may revoke MFN status for China. Joe Snyder, a State Department spokesman, said the U.S. "continue(s) to monitor closely and carefully reports suggesting the Chinese are not abiding by their MTCR commitments." If such a determination were made, Snyder said, the Clinton administration "will not hesitate to take the action required under U.S. proliferation law. Along with Chinese human rights and trade practices, China's commitment to nonproliferation is one of the factors we take into consideration in our deliberations on most favored nation status."
— "U.S. Warns China on Missile Sales, Human Rights," Mednews-Middle East Defense News, 17 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
7 May 1993
China's Foreign Ministry denies China is selling missiles to Pakistan in violation of its promise to the United States to stop. According to the official Xinhua News Agency, the Foreign Ministry calls U.S. allegations "groundless."
— "China denies selling missiles to Pakistan," Plain Dealer, 8 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 May 1993
U.S. intelligence agencies deliver a briefing to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee showing China is selling M-11 ballistic missiles and M-11 ballistic missile components to Pakistan. Administration officials describe the weight of the evidence presented to them as "heavy" but stopped short of calling it conclusive.
— Ann Devroy, R. Jeffery Smith, "U.S. Evidence 'Suggests' China Breaks Arms Pact; Report Comes on Eve of Trade Status Debate," Washington Post, 18 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
19 May 1993
Israeli intelligence claims that Iran is building advanced medium-to long range solid-propellant surface-to-surface missiles with technical support from China. The deal includes technology transfers, allowing Iranians to assemble the missiles themselves.
— "Iran/China in secret missile project," Flight International, 19 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
21 May 1993
Pakistani officials deny receiving M-11 missiles from China. The officials call accusations of missile transfers between China and Pakistan "motivated and speculative." "I categorically deny that Pakistan has taken M-11 missiles," Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Akram Zaki says.
— "Pakistan Denies Receiving Chinese M-11 Missile," Agence France Presse, 21 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
21 May 1993
China promises Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Perez that China does not intend to sell any missiles or missile technology to Middle Eastern countries. Western military observers say China sold Silkworm missiles to Iran during the 1980s. The U.S. government has said China was planning to sell missiles to Syria - one of a few Middle Eastern states still technically at war with Israel - but no evidence has emerged that they were ever delivered. "The (Chinese) foreign ministry told me...that China does not intend to sell missiles to the Middle Eastern countries that are at war and that China will be very, very careful not to sell weapons that would endanger the security of our country," Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Perez says.
— "China to show 'restraint' in arms sales to Middle East," Jerusalem Post, 23 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
27 May 1993
U.S. officials announce that China has received dozens of surface-to-air SA-10 anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles from Russia. The fast-flying SA-10, named Grumble by the Western allies, is billed by the Russians as similar to the U.S. Patriot missile although U.S. analysts believe it is less sophisticated. The Soviets developed it to down bombers at up to 88,000 feet but adapted it to intercept tactical missiles.
— Ruth Sinai, "China Acquires Russian Missiles," Associated Press, 27 May 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
29 June 1993
A Chinese Foreign Minister denies allegations of Chinese M-9 and M-11 missile sales to Pakistan. "Mr. Clinton's government believes that China has sold M-9 and M-11 missiles to Pakistan, Syria and Iran," the official said. "This is sheer fabrication; China has long undertaken to abide by the guidelines and parameters of MTCR. The position of China's remains unchanged."
— "China says missile sales to Iran, Syria, Pakistan, "sheer fabrication," British Broadcasting Corporation, 30 June 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
21 July 1993
The Clinton administration threatens to impose sanctions on China if China continues to sell missiles to Pakistan. The issue - following strong evidence that China is shipping M-11 missile technology to Pakistan - will be raised by US Secretary of State Warren Christopher when he meets with his Chinese counterpart Qian Qichen in Singapore. Lynn Davis, Undersecretary of State and the Clinton administration's chief arms negotiator, will also discuss the matter in Beijing.
— "Sanctions threat to China over Missiles," Financial Times, 21 July 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
21 July 1993
The United States threatens to place sanctions on China if Chinese missiles were shipped to Pakistan. In response, China reiterates its pledge to abide by international arms agreements. "The U.S. side should stop making an issue of it," a Foreign Ministry statement says.
— "China Responds to U.S. Threat Over Missile Sales," Associated Press, 21 July 1993, <www.lexis-nexis.com>.
25 July 1993
Warren Christopher calls for Qian Qichen to explain Chinese M-11 missile exports to Pakistan. "There's disturbing evidence of missile shipments and that's why we need an explanation," an official said. A meeting between the two of them failed to settle the questions surrounding U.S. allegations of Chinese missile sales to Pakistan.
— "U.S. Warns China over Missile Sales to Pakistan," Independent, 26 July 1993, <in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S.-China Meeting Fails to Settle Missile Sales Question," Agence France Presse, 25 July 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
26 July 1993
U.S. Undersecretary of State Lynn Davis meets with Chinese Deputy Foreign Minister Liu Huaqiu to discuss M-11 missile sales to Pakistan. None of the officials involved with the discussions comment on them after the meeting.
— "Chief U.S. Arms Negotiator Discusses Missile Sales," Japan Economic Newswire, 26 July 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
26 July 1993
U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher delivers a message to Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen warning him that Chinese missile sales to Pakistan is causing serious concern in Washington and may lead to sanctions if China does not halt such transfers. China consistently dismisses allegations of missile sales as "groundless," and senior U.S. officials say that Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen "was consistent in saying that his government has not violated its promise" to honor the MTCR.
— John M. Goshko and William Branigin, "U.S. Warns China Sanctions for Missile Exports to Pakistan," Washington Post, 26 July 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
25 August 1993
Pakistan Foreign Ministry officials acknowledge that they did receive short-range missiles from China, but nothing that violated the MTCR. The spokesman says that the missiles were "tactical short range" missiles, and that Pakistan had approached China about purchasing them in 1980s after being attacked with SCUD missiles.
— "Pakistan got short-range Chinese missiles but no MTCR violation: official," Agence France Presse, 25 August 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
25 August 1993
The Clinton administration bars the export of some high-technology goods to China and Pakistan as punishment for the sale of Chinese missile equipment to Pakistan. The sanctions will block the sale of U.S. satellites to China, with an estimated cost of more than $500 million to U.S. companies. State Department spokesman Michael McCurry says that there is "unambiguous evidence" that China delivered missile-related technology and components to Pakistan last year.
— Daniel Williams, "U.S. Punishes China over Missile Sales," Washington Post, 25 August 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
26 August 1993
China denounces economic sanctions imposed by the U.S. government as "entirely unjustified," claiming that the U.S. information on which the sanctions relied was based on "inaccurate information." Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmin says
"The United States insisted on imposing sanctions on China in disregard of China's repeated statement. This is entirely unjustified and we are strongly opposed to it."
— Lena H. Sun, "China Says U.S. Sanctions Are 'Entirely unjustified'; Beijing Denies Arms Control Violations" Washington Post, 26 July 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
27 August 1993
China threatens to stop complying with the missile export controls that it is accused of violating. Vice Foreign Minister Liu Huaqiu tells Ambassador J. Stapelton Roy "The U.S. side, ignoring the repeated clarifications made by the governments of China and Pakistan and invoking domestic legislation, has willfully imposed sanctions against sovereign states...(putting) Sino-U.S. relations in serious jeopardy."
— "China Accuses U.S. of Naked Hegemony," Japan Economic Newswire, 27 August 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 September 1993
Joseph S. Bermudez testifies before the House Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations and Human Rights, that China is working to upgrade its Dong Feng series of ballistic missile systems. Bermudez says the DF-25, DF-31 and DF-41 are being developed and are expected to be operational by the end of the decade. At the same hearing, Stephen D. Bryen warns that U.S. sanctions imposed because of Chinese violations of the MTCR will not be effective if U.S. allies do not impose the same sanctions. It is believed that NORINCO intends to make large scale purchases at an arms show in Germany at the end of the month.
— "Mainland on weapons selling spree, US missile expert says," Central News Agency (Taiwan), 15 September 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
1 October 1993
The United States warns China that Chinese actions and policies on human rights and arms issues is threatening China's MFN status. The U.S. cites Chinese M-11 missile sales to Pakistan as one of the issues with which they are concerned.
— Elaine Sciolino, "U.S. Warns Beijing as Problem Grows," New York Times, 1 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
3 October 1993
The London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies releases report saying China remains a leading supplier of military hardware to Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Included in the list of hardware the IISS report claims China is selling are ballistic missiles sold to Pakistan, Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
— "China under fire for weapons' sales," Agence France Presse, 3 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
5 October 1993
China conducts an underground nuclear test at the Lop Nor testing site, in Xinjiang Province. U.S. officials claim the test was done as a part of an attempt to develop new warheads for modern ballistic missiles. The United States claims that only about 10 of China's missiles have the capabilities to reach America, with the others likely targeting Russia and India.
— Lena H. Sun, "China Resumes Nuclear Tests; U.S. Prepares to Follow Suit," Washington Post, 6 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
12 October 1993
The CIA, in a written report to Congress, accuses Israel of selling China advanced military equipment for more than a decade. The report says that included amongst that equipment are missiles and missile technologies. "China and Israel appear to be moving forward to formalizing and broadening their military technical cooperation," says R. James Woolsey, Director of Central Intelligence.
— Michael R. Gordon, "Israel Selling China Military Technology, CIA Chief Asserts," New York Times, 12 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
13 October 1993
The London-Based International Institute for Strategic Studies releases report saying China has more than 100 land-based nuclear-capable ballistic missiles. This number is 50 percent higher than previous estimates.
— David White, "China missile total is revised upwards," Financial Times, 13 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
14 October 1993
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmen denies U.S. allegations that China has purchased U.S.-based weapons technology from Israel. Wu Jianmen dismisses the U.S. allegations as "groundless." The technologies in question include components for air-to-air missile technology and other arms.
— "China denies purchases of U.S. arms technology from Israel," United Press International, 14 October, 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
21 October 1993
U.S. government officials reveal suspicions that China is producing a multiple nuclear warhead or a lightweight one that could be mounted on ballistic missiles (ICBM). These allegations are in relation to recent reports that China hired more than 1,000 former Soviet nuclear scientists.
— Mikio Ikuma, "U.S. says China building advanced nuclear warheads," Daily Yomiuri, 24 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
20 October 1993
The BBC reports that Russian sources have confirmed that China received five sets of S300PMU-1 surface-to-air missiles. The S300PMU-1's capacities exceed those of the U.S.-made Patriot. Russian experts are training the Chinese to use the missiles. According to the Russian officials, China is likely to use the missiles as part of its air defense strategy; features of the S300PMU-1 described.
— "Russia delivers "advanced surface-to-air intercept" missiles to China," British Broadcasting Corporation, 28 October 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
11 November 1993
The Clinton administration offers to lift trade sanctions on China if Beijing promises to end long-range missile sales to Pakistan. The sanctions were originally imposed because of Chinese sales of M-11 ballistic missile components to Pakistan. After a meeting between Chinese Vice-Foreign Minister Liu Huaqiu and U.S. Undersecretary of State Peter Tarnoff, one official says about the Chinese: "They showed receptivity for the first time."
— R. Jeffery Smith, Daniel Williams, "U.S. Offers to Waive China Trade Sanctions; Pledge Not to Export M-11 Missiles Sought," Washington Post, 11 November 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
17 November 1993
Secretary of State Warren Christopher, at the opening of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting, cited U.S. sanctions against China for M-11 missile sales to Pakistan as one of several situations that are complicating U.S.-China relations. Christopher also cited human rights problems and MFN status as other things potentially making the relationship more complicated. "A stable, prosperous China is in the long-term interest of the United States, (But) recent problems have created the risk of a downward spiral in our relationship," Christopher said.
— "U.S. warns China, North Korea during trade forum," United Press International, 17 November 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
17 November 1993
Chinese President Jiang Zemin says that linking politics with trade status is a Cold War relic that should be discarded. This statement is in relation to threats by the U.S. Congress to link China's MFN status to its human rights and missile proliferation records. "U.S.-China relations are at a crucial juncture, I hope through my meeting with President Clinton we will enhance our mutual understanding...to put Sino-U.S. relations on a normal track and to have a new start," President Jiang said.
— Kathy Wilhelm, "Chinese President Says Linking Politics, Trade is Cold War Relic," Associated Press, 17 November 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
19 November 1993
The United States approves the sale of a supercomputer to China. The supercomputer had been barred from being traded to China as a part of the sanctions levied against China in response to M-11 missile sales to Pakistan.
— "U.S. Approves Sale of Supercomputer to China," Agence France Presse, 19 November 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
22 December 1993
Flight International reports that it is likely the Chinese are enlisting Russian scientists to help China develop SS-24 and SS-25 ICBMs. According to Flight International, "The multiple-independently targeted-re-entry-vehicle-capable SS-24, which is rail mobile or silo based, and the single warhead road-mobile SS-25 have a range of over 10,000km (5,400nm) and pinpoint accuracy. By comparison, the CSS4, the most sophisticated Chinese land-based nuclear missile, has a range of 11,000km, but is silo-based, has a single warhead and uncertain accuracy."
— "China uses Russian know-how on ICBM," Flight International, 22 December 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
29 December 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto says that the United States' stand on Chinese M-11 missile sales to Pakistan is based on "erroneous" information. She goes on to say that neither Pakistan nor China had violated the MTCR in their dealings. These comments come on the heels of a visit by Bhutto to Beijing. "China and Pakistan have not violated the parameters of the MTCR agreement. And we regret the imposition of sanctions," Bhutto says. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmin says the sanctions that resulted from U.S. suspicions of M-11 missile transfers were "entirely unjustified and should be lifted."
— Sheila Teft, "China, Pakistan band together in opposition to US sanctions," Christian Science Monitor, 30 December 1993, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.
This
material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for
Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and
does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently
verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2008
by MIIS.
