May 1991
Milavnews reports that Brazil is active in missile design and until recently cooperated with Egypt and Iraq in the creation of tactical missiles and space launch vehicles.
— "Brazil," Milavnews, May 1991.

30 May 1991
The Washington Times reports that Egypt has four FROG-7 launchers and nine Soviet Scud-B launchers, and is considering the purchase of the North Korean Scud-C. [Note: See 4 June 1991 entry.]
— "Iran Now Top Threat in Region," Washington Times, 30 May 1991, pp. A1, A11.

June 1991
The Christian Science Monitor reports that Egypt is looking into the development of Scud missiles and launchers. An Egyptian source says Egypt wants to modify the Scuds.
— Sarah Gauch, "Egypt Seeks to Beef Up Military Might, Maintain Its Leading Role in the Arab World," Christian Science Monitor, 17 June 1991; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

4 June 1991
The Washington Times reports that Egypt is in the process of negotiating for North Korean missiles. [Note: See 30 May and 2 July 1991.]
— "Libya May Buy North Korean Missiles," Washington Times, 4 June 1991 p. 4.

9 June 1991
The Manchester Guardian Weekly reports that Egypt and Iraq have invested millions of dollars in the Condor II.
— Cristine Legrand , " US pressure to cancel missile chafes Argentine military," Manchester Guardian Weekly, 9 July 1991, in Lexis-Nexis,<http://www.lexis-nexis.com>

Late June 1991
The BBC investigative television news program "Panorama" reports that Arab British Dynamics, a British Aerospace and Arab Organization for Industrialization joint venture, is cooperating with North Korea in Egypt to develop and manufacture an extended-range version of the Scud-B, or Scud-C. The report also cites unidentified "intelligence sources" as saying that the program is nearing the production stage. According to the Wall Street Journal, the plant will begin producing missiles in eight to 12 weeks.
— Alan Cowell, "Egypt's Arms Control Plan for Region," New York Times, 5 July 1991, p. A5; Steven Emerson, "The Postwar Scud Boom," Wall Street Journal, 10 July 1991, p. A12.

July 1991
Jane's Intelligence Review reports that the Soviet Union has exported Scuds-B to Egypt.
— "Inside the R-17 'Scud B' Missile," Jane's Intelligence Review, July 1991, p. 302.

2 July 1991
The Washington Times reports North Korea hopes to sell short-range missiles to Egypt. [Note: See 30 May and 4 June 1991.]
— "China, N. Korea Secretly Deliver Missiles to Mideast via Cyprus," Washington Times, 2 July 1991, p. A4.

10 July 1991
The Wall Street Journal reports that North Korea has assisted Egypt in establishing a Scud-C production facility near Cairo since 1990. The facility belongs to the consortium Arab British Dynamics Co, owned by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi and Britain.
— "The Postwar Scud Boom," Wall Street Journal, 10 July 1991.

10 July 1991
Aerospace Daily reports that Egypt is purchasing 20 Harpoon missiles from McDonnell Douglas Corp. [Note: See 6 November 1990 and 30 August 1994.]
— "Hike in FY' 88T-45s Programs Dictated by Exchange Rate Shifts," Aerospace Daily, 10 July 1991.

22 July 1991
Kuwaiti Major General Khalid Al Sabah says Kuwait has bought missiles from Egypt.
— "Kuwaiti Military Official Denies Rift Among Damascus Accord Signatories," Xinhua, 22 July, 1991; in Lexis-Nexis, < http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

2 September 1991
According to Danny Leshem of the Tel Aviv Jaffe Center for Strategic Studies, Egypt will produce enhanced Scud-C missiles with a range of up to 600km.
— "Egypt To Build Scuds," Defense News, 2 September 1991, p.2.

14 December 1991
Jane's Defence Weekly reports Egypt has nine military production facilities producing rockets and missiles. The facilities are managed by the Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) conglomerate, established by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates in 1976. Egypt's Sakr factory manufactures multiple rocket launchers and the replacement for the FROG-7 missile: the 325mm Sakr-80 artillery rocket, which is reported to have a range of 80km.
— "Egypt's Winning Formula," Jane's Defence Weekly, 14 December 1991, pp. 1181-1182.

2 January 1992
Arms Sales Monitor reports that Egypt has a missile production facility that could become operational at any time. [Note: See 3 February 1992]
— "CIA on the Threat," Arms Sales Monitor, 2 January 1992.

15 January 1992
Moneyclips reports that Egypt will deliver "Ammon" missiles to Kuwait in mid-1992, and that Kuwaiti military personnel have gone to Egypt to train with these missiles. [Note: Referred to as "Amun" elsewhere.] The missiles are based on an Italian design adjusted for desert use, the report says.
— "Egyptian missiles for Kuwait," Moneyclips, 15 January 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

29 January 1992
Flight International reports that the British government has persuaded British Aerospace (BAe) to try to end its involvement with an Egyptian company that is developing Scud variants. The British government learned in 1991 that Arab British Dynamics (ABD) in Cairo, which is 30 percent owned by British Aerospace, planned to make Scud components. The British Foreign tried to persuade British Aerospace to pull out of the joint venture, and BAe has negotiated unsuccessfully with the Egyptian government to end ABD's work on Scuds. ABD was created in the 1970s as a partnership between BAe and the Arab Organization for Industrialization to build British Swingfire anti-tank missiles. [Note: See Early 1991 and 1 April 1992 enteries.]
— "BAe told to stop Scud work," Flight International, 29 January 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 February 1992
Middle East Defense News reports that "Egypt has a missile production facility that could begin operations at any time." [Note: See 2 January 1992 entry.]
— "U.S. targets proliferation threat," Middle East Defense News, 3 February 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

5 February 1992
US Rear Admiral Sheafer [Note: Director of Naval Intelligence] testifies before Congress that China has exported cruise missile systems to Egypt.
— Statement of RADM Sheafer Before the SSCM (Seapower and Strategic and Critical Materials) Subcommittee House Armed Services Committee, 5 February 1992.

10 February 1992
The Financial Times reports that Argentina's Air Force has transferred control of the Condor II project to the new civilian space agency.
— John Barham, "Argentina yields to US over missile," Financial Times, 11 February 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

13 March 1992
According to a CNN broadcast, North Korea is assisting in the construction of Scud missile production facilities in Egypt, Iran, Libya, and Syria. North Korea is said to be supporting the construction of a "Scud-D" production facility in Libya.
— "Pukhan, Arab Kukdŭl'e Scud Kongjang Kŏnsŏlchiwŏn," Joongang Ilbo, 14 March 1992, <http://www.joins.com>.

17 March 1992
The Jerusalem Post reports that, according to a CIA official, Egypt may have gotten Patriot missile parts from debris in Saudi Arabia and passed them on to the Chinese.
— "Egyptians involved?" Jerusalem Post, 17 March 1992; in Lexis-Nexis. <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

1 April 1992
Flight International reports that British Aerospace and the Arab Organization for Industrialization have agreed to dissolve Arab British Dynamics because of British government concerns that it was building parts for Scud missiles.
— "BAe withdraws from Arab-British Dynamics," Flight International, 1 April 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

8 May 1992
CIA Director Robert Gates testifies before a Congressional panel [date unknown] that "Egypt has a missile support production facility that could begin at any time."
— "Hearing of the House Banking Committee; Subject H.R. 4803, Nonproliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1992," Federal News Service, 8 May 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

18 May 1992
Middle East Defense News reports that North Korea is helping Egypt convert a factory south of Cairo to make advanced Scud-B missiles. The factory is owned by Arab British Dynamics, which was created in the 1970s by the Arab Organization for Industrialization to make British-licensed anti-tank missiles, the report says. Egypt hopes to sell to the missile as a local Arab supplier to the region, the report says. [Note: See 1 April 1992 entry.]
— "North Korea corners ME missile market," Middle East Defense News, 18 May 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

29 May 1992
According to an anonymous high-level source in the US State Department, North Korea has concluded another contract to sell Scud missiles in the Middle East. Furthermore, the source says that North Korea is also trying to reach a contract to sell the new missile it is developing to the Middle East. However, the source did not reveal the countries in the Middle East.
— "Pukhan, Chungdonggukkawa Scud Maemae Kyeyak," Joongang Ilbo, 30 May 1992; "Pukhan, Taejungdong Such'ulyong Shinhyŏng Missile Kaebal," Joongang Ilbo, 1 June 1992, <http://www.joins.com>.

2 July 1992
According to the book Relaciones Carnales: la verdadera historia de la construccion y destruccion del Condor II, by journalists Eduardo Barcelona and Julio Villalonga, Saudi Arabia provided 12 missile engines to Egypt, as well as training for Egyptian scientists and technicians. The book further suggests that two Condor II missiles may still exist in Argentina. [Note: See 19 August 1992 entry.]
— "Condor II Brought Back to Life; Book Claims Air Force Has Hidden Away Two Missiles," Latin American Weekly Report, 2 July 1992, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 July 1992
Haaretz reports that in February 1963, Israel sent a squad to assassinate Dr. Hans Kleinwachter, a Germany scientist believed to be working for Egypt's missile program. The squad was unsuccessful despite two attempts. In September 1962, Dr. Heinz Krug, who also was believed to be working for Egypt, disappeared and is thought to have been killed by Mossad agents.
— "Report: Shamir headed Mossad assassination squad," Associated Press, 3 July 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

16 August 1992
Gary Milhollin and Gerald White of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control write that because of foreign pressure, the Bush administration eliminated Egypt's Condor II and enhanced Scud missile projects from a Commerce Department list of dangerous missile projects. The list was intended to prevent US firms from cooperating with such projects. Egypt's projects were deleted from the list because it would have been embarrassing to keep them after eliminating the Israeli Jericho missile from the list, the editorial says.
— Gary Milhollin and Gerald White, "Winking at proliferation; Why are US firms still able to aid the Mideast missile race?" Washington Post, 16 August 1992; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

19 August 1992
According to Argentine officials, Argentina still has the solid-fueled first-stage cores of 14 Condor II missiles in storage at Falda del Carmen, near Cordoba. "The Condor really is dead, even though like the Phoenix it tends to rise up from time to time," an Argentine official says. More than $200 million was spent on the project. [Note: See 2 July 1992 entry.]
— Nathaniel C. Nash, "Argentina lagging on missile pledge," New York Times, 19 August 1992; in Lexis-Nexis,<http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

1993
A Russian Federation Foreign Intelligence Service report on the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction states that North Korea is seeking specialists from overseas "in order to convert missile manufacturing into a competitive export sector." North Korea is using Egyptian technology to upgrade its Scud missiles for export to the Middle East. [Note: Egypt has a variety of technologies that might interest North Korea, including carbon-carbon, advanced gyroscopes, and solid-fuel. This may also refer to a leakage of UK technology obtained in the British Aerospace/ Arab Organization for Industrialization joint development project. See 1 April 1992 entry.]
— Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Moscow), 1993, in "A New Challenge After the Cold War: Nonproliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction," JPRS-TND-93-007, 5 March 1993, pp. 1-39.

11 January 1993
US News & World Report affirms that Egypt has hired private Russian scientists to work on its long-range missiles. According to this report, they are working at a factory at Al-Maza near Cairo; Egypt wants to produce missiles with a 300-mile range by 1995— and eventually with a 1,000-mile range to deter Iran and Iraq. [Note: See 29 January 1993 entry.]
— Charles Fenyvesi, "Washington whispers," US News & World Report, 11 January 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

18 January 1993
Aviation Week & Space Technology reports that a Western European Union (WEU) study has found that Egypt is developing the 1,200km-range "Badr-2000 Vector" missile and, with North Korean help, the 600km-range "Scud 100."
— Craig Covault, "WEU seeks European missile defense plan," Aviation Week & Space Technology; 18 January; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

29 January 1993
Yevgeny Primakov, head of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, denies that Soviet experts are working to improve Egypt's missiles. [Note: See 11 January 1993 entry.]
— "Chief of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service Primakov cautions Washington against nuclear brain drain from America," Russian Press Digest, 29 January 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

24 February 1993
Shawky Al Saadawy, chairman of Egypt's display at the IDEX 93 Exhibition, says Egypt is negotiating to sell anti-mine missiles to several Gulf states.
— "Consultations among gulf states for purchasing Egyptian missiles," Moneyclips, 24 February 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

5 April 1993
Middle East Defense News reports that Egypt has Scud-B, FROG-7, Sakr 80, and Sakr 365 missiles.
— "Country reports: Egypt," Middle East Defense News, 5 April 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

7 May 1993
The Jerusalem Post reports that Egypt "attaches great importance to the acquisition of surface missiles." Further, Egypt sold "tens of Scuds" to North Korea during the 1980s for help with the Badr-2000.
— Douglas Davis, "Syria, China cooperating on missile development," Jerusalem Post, 7 May 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

17 May 1993
Middle East Defense News reports that Egypt possesses Silkworm missile production capability.
— "Chinese Proliferation Activities," Middle East Defense News, 17 May 1993.

26 May 1993
A telegraphic report by the American embassy in Cairo lists military-owned factories in Egypt. It reports that the Sakr Factory for Developed Industries (Factory No. 333) makes missiles, anti-tank weapons, artillery rockets, circuit boards, medical instruments, door knobs and handles, gold plating, farm implements including seed planters, plows, potato planters and harvesters, and grain harvesters. The report says the factory is in Heliopolis, Cairo. Its telephone numbers are 600250 and 660380, and its fax numbers are 2901978 and 660180.
— "Military-owned factories profile," Market Reports, 16 June 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

22 June 1993
The Guardian reports that International Military Services, a company owned by the British Ministry of Defense, exported parts to Egypt in the 1980s that were used in Russian-designed surface-to-surface missiles that could carry chemical warheads.
— Richard Norton-Taylor, "Chemical warfare equipment sold by MoD 'likely to have gone to Iraq'," Guardian (London), 22 June 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

August 1993
UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) inspectors discover three plants in Iraq that are identical to those at Falda del Carmen in Argentina. They conclude that the Iraqi Badr-2000 ballistic missile program is a "technical derivation" of the Condor II; they have also found two rocket motors with serial numbers identical to those produced at Falda del Carmen. The Argentine Defense Ministry confirms that UN weapons inspectors discovered two Condor II missile engines produced at the Falda del Carmen factory in Iraq, and that Argentina delivered Condor "elements" to Iraq via Egypt prior to the 1990-91 Persian Gulf War. The ministry also confirms that similar factories in Iraq and Egypt were identical twins of the Falda del Carmen plant that produced the engines found in Iraq. Defense Minister Oscar Camilión denies Argentine involvement in these plants, however, stating, "There has not been any transfer of Argentine technology to Iraq, as the technology in question was fundamentally German." Camilión also rejects reports of contractual agreements of expert collaboration between Argentina and Iraq, but confirms that German technicians had worked on the Condor II project. Egyptian technicians also worked with Argentine experts on the Condor II project, but there is no confirmation that Iraqi technicians participated directly with the Argentines.
— Sergio Persoglia, "Proyecto Cóndor II: entre Falda del Carmen y Bagdad," Clarín, 28 February 1998, <http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/98-02-28/i-04302d.htm>; "UN Discovers More Evidence of Iraqi Links to Cóndor Missile Project," International Defense Review, November 1993, p. 842; "Government Admits War Technology May Have Reached Iraq," Inter Press Service, 30 August 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

13 August 1993
Aerospace Daily reports that Egypt signed a contract worth $227 million with Loral Aerospace International for missiles and related ware.
— "FMF Abuses Center on Commissions, Travel, non-US Purchase," Aerospace Daily, 13 August 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

30 August 1993
Following a United Nations inspection of Argentina's Falda del Carmen missile plant in Cordoba, Argentine Defense Minister Oscar Camilión says there is "at least one twin to the Carmen de Falda plant in Iraq," and one in Egypt. He says Argentina "had contracts to sell missile motors to Egypt, some of which might have been resold to Iraq." [Note: See August 1993 entry.]
— "Argentina: Government admits war technology may have reached Iraq," Inter Press Service, 30 August; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

26 September 1993
Argentine Defense Minister Oscar Camilión says Argentina exported 14 rocket engines to Egypt as part of the Condor II project, and he does not know whether or not Egypt transferred them.
— William R. Long, "Argentina abolishes missile program with Iraq," Los Angeles Times, 26 September 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 October 1993
The Saudi Gazette reports that a senior US State Department analyst has said, "Iraq is working with Egypt to co-produce the Condor II missile in Argentina." [Note: It is not clear when the remarks by the unnamed analyst were made or whether they refer to ongoing cooperation between Iraq, Egypt, and Argentina, or to past cooperation.]
— Tim Kennedy, "US moves to curb Israeli weapons proliferation," Moneyclips, 3 October 1993; in Lexis-Nexis, <http://www.lexis-nexis.com>.

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This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2010 by MIIS.