| Year/Date |
Exporter |
Item(s) |
Remarks |
| 1980 |
United States (Honk Kong was a conduit) |
Protective gas masks |
According to Defense and Foreign Affairs, Iran uses Hong Kong as a conduit for unspecified strategic materials to Iran imported mainly from the United States. See 1984 entry about Atlanta businessman, Pat Stevens, being charged for this crime. |
| June 1982 |
Bulgaria |
chemical fertilizers and other agricultural products |
|
| 1983-1984 |
European firms |
"substantial support" and feedstocks |
The source, Cordesman, does not offer any citations or other evidence to substantiate his claims. |
| Mid-1980s |
Unknown |
CW defensive gear |
No further explanation is given. |
| Mid-1980s |
Polish company run by Israeli businessman Nachum Manbar |
nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) protective suits |
|
| 1984 |
South Korea |
Copies of Finnish Kemira respirators |
The gas masks were eventually discarded by the Iranians. |
| 1984 |
The Netherlands |
Antidote injectors |
|
| 1987 |
Private US firm, Alcolac International |
Approximately 90 tons of thiodyglycol |
|
| 1987 |
Export to Libya |
chemical weapons |
Exchanged for naval mines. Libya, in turn, allegedly uses these weapons against Chad. |
| 1988 |
Spain |
200,000 respirators |
No definite CW link. |
| 1989 |
India |
60 tons of thionyl chloride |
|
| 12 January 1989 |
United States (a Korean-American businessman allegedly acting on behalf of a British entrepreneur) |
Bombs filled with nerve agent |
Several shortcomings about the details of this case. |
| 9 February 1989 |
Asian and European companies |
Infrastructure-related support |
According to testimony by CIA Director William Webster, these companies are supplying Iran with the infrastructure to build a CW capability. |
| 1992-1994 |
Israeli Moshe Regev's company |
Know-how related to chemical weapons |
|
| March 1995 |
Three Chinese companies |
Nerve agent precursors |
The United States imposes sanctions on three Chinese front companies in Hong Kong for having shipped precursors and production equipment to Iran. The three companies are identified as Asian Ways Limited, WorldCo Limited, and Mainway International. |
| Summer 1996 |
China |
Almost 400 tons of Carbon disulfide |
Transaction denied by Iranians; source was a CIA document. |
| 1996 |
Chinese company, Sinochem |
Nearly 500 tons of phosphorus pentasulfide |
|
| 8 March 1996 |
China |
CW-related material |
It is reported that "US intelligence officials have concluded that companies in China are providing Iran with several factories suited for making deadly poison gases...." In addition, Iranian "military-related organizations" are allegedly buying glass-lined vessels for mixing chemical precursors, special air-filtration equipment, and the technology to manufacture these items indigenously from China. |
| January 1997 |
Export to the Sudan |
CW |
Iran reportedly gave the Sudan CW to use against rebel uprisings. |
| January-February 1997 |
China |
40,000 barrels of calcium hypochlorite, a chemical-biological-radiological decontamination agent (it actually is only useful for CB decontamination) |
|
| 5 May 1997 |
Rex International Development Ltd., associated with the Chinese company, Norinco |
high-grade seamless steel pipes, suitable for handling corrosive materials, and associated with CW production |
|
| 22 May 1997 |
Chinese Nanjing Chemical Industries Group and Jiangsu Yongli Chemical Engineering and Import/Export Group. The Hong Kong-based firm is Cheong Yee Limited |
CW precursors and manufacturing technology. The precursors involved were thionyl chloride, dimethylamine, and ethyl chlorohydrin (nerve and mustard agent precursors), and the equipment included special glass-lined vessels. |
The United States imposes sanctions, under the Chemical and Biological Warfare Elimination Act of 1991, on these three entities. |
| 18 December 1997 |
Ukraine |
100 tanks, specifically designed to transport highly toxic chemicals |
|
| May 1998 |
China |
500 tons of phosphorus pentasulfide, chemical warfare material banned under the terms of the CWC |
The delivery was made in 10 consignments of 50 tons each, for an estimated $924,000. |
| 24 January 2002 |
Two Chinese companies and a Chinese national |
CBW equipment |
Liyang Chemical Equipment and the China Machinery and Electric Equipment Import and Export Companies, as well as Chinese national Q.C. Chen, are sanctioned by the Bush administration. |
