NTI: Country Overviews: Iraq: Chemical Import/Export

Chemical Import/Export

Chemical Imports

Chemical Warfare (CW) and Precursor Agent Table
Date	Importer/Exporter	Item(s)	Remarks
1975-1981	Karl Kolb GmbH of Hamburg, Germany	"chemical pilot plants"	Provides Iraq with several "heavy duty pumps and chemicals."
1976	a Milan-based company	"CW plant"	Helps build plant under the auspices of a pesticide production deal.
early-1978	Pfaulder Corporation of Rochester, NY	drawings and specifications for a chemical plant	U.S. denied Pfaulder a license to supply the machinery but the Iraqis succeeded in obtaining the plans.
early-1979	British entity	protective gear	Iraqi plant located near the town of Akashat
1980-1981	Duesseldorf-based Thyssen Rheinstahl	setup of the Diyala Chemical Laboratory	Diyala later becomes al-Salman Pak
1981	Egypt	assistance with CW program	Iraq provides Egypt with $12 million in return for assistance with production and storage of CW agents.
1982	"British sources"	protective suits	76 suits are sold
1982	West German company	equipment for production of CW
July 1983	KBS Holland BV	500 tons of thiodiglycol	Sold for approximately £ 500,000.
September 1983	Karl Kolb of Germany	Two pilot plants to produce CW agents.
late-1983	KBS Holland	500 tons of thiodigloycol, 200 tons of trimethyl phosphate, 250 tons of phosphorous oxychloride, and 200 tons of potassium fluoride.	Order was placed by the Iraqis, but was cancelled due to pressure applied by the Dutch government.
February 1984	U.S. supplier	74 drums of potassium fluoride	Shipment marked for SEPP confiscated at Kennedy Airport. Order was placed by al-Haddad Enterprises Incorporated, owned by Sahib al-Haddad.
March 1984	Italian and French firms	"aided Iraq with its chemical weapons technology"	No specific details. Reports are merely accusations, which the firms deny.
November 1984-January 1985	Dutch company Melchemie BV	Illegally exported 1,200 tons of chloroethyl, dimethylamine, thiodiglycol, and 20,000 kg of phosphorous trichloride.
mid-1980s	German specialists	Install a large chemical warfare training center.
March 1987-April 1988	Alcolac International, a U.S.-based enterprise	Violates U.S. export laws and sells Iraq thiodiglycol.
September 1990	to Sudan	Iraq allegedly provided the Sudanese government with CW.
July 1997	Canada/Philippines	U.S. Customs interdict 34 military helicopters, modified to disperse chemicals.
26 February 2001	Indian companies	CW production-related programs	German intelligence claims that Indian companies are involved in several chemical projects in Iraq, 20 of which are involved with CW production.
February 2001	Delhi company NEC Limited	chemical production equipment	Equipment is for al-Mamoun plant that is producing ammonium perchlorate.


	Updated April 2004

	Import Table by Date

	Iraq Maps
	The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)
	Addressing the Spread of Cruise Missiles and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs)
	To Comply or Not to Comply: Outline of the UN Inspections Mechanism in Iraq
	WMD in the Middle East
	Dusty Agents and the Iraqi Chemical Weapons Arsenal
	U.S. and Hostile Powers: Iraq
	Limiting the Use of WMD between Regional Powers: Iran vs. Iraq—Options
	Treaties and Organizations
	Senate Intel Panel Releases Two Iraq Reports (2006)
	In Focus: IAEA and Iraq (2005)
	UNMOVIC 21st Quarterly Report (2005),
	Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD (2004)
	Saddam's Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Iraq as a Case Study of a Middle Eastern Proliferant (2004)
	Duelfer Report (BW & CW sections) [70 Mb] (2004)
	18th quarterly report of UNMOVIC to the UN Sec General from 27 Aug 2004
	17th quarterly report of UNMOVIC to the UN Sec General from 28 May 2004
	Redirection of WMD Scientists in Iraq and Libya (2004)
	16th quarterly report of UNMOVIC to the UN Sec General from 27 Feb 2004
	WMD in Iraq: Evidence and Implications (2004)
	The War in Iraq: An Intelligence Failure? (2003)
	Disarming Iraq by Force: WMD Stakes and Scenarios (2003)
	Iraq: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Capable Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (2003)
	International Atomic Energy Agency: Iraq Action Team (2003)
	Unresolved Disarmament Issues: Iraq's Proscribed Weapons Programmes (2003)
	Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Net Assessment (2002)
	Federation of American Scientists: Iraq Missile Guide (2000)
	The Future of Chemical and Biological Disarmament in Iraq: From UNSCOM to UNMOVIC (1999)
	UNSCOM's Comprehensive Review
	Strengthening the BWC: Lessons from the UNSCOM Experience (1997)
	Monitoring and Verification in a Noncooperative Environment: Lessons from the UN Experience in Iraq (1996)
	Bill of Indictment: German Court Case Involving Iraq's Weapon Procurement (1993)
	Iraq's Chemical and Biological Capability in the Kuwait Theater of Operations (1990)

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This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by MIIS.

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