This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here.

Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation.

8 March 2005
Israel successfully fires the Laura missile in the Mediterranean Sea, which can carry a 570-kilo warhead at a target in mid-sea. The testing was put off for two days because of U.S. jets collecting intelligence in the area.
--"US Plane Presence on Israel Missile Test Believed 'Industrial Espionage,'" Voice of Israel, 8 March 2005, in FBIS Document GMP20050309000199.

9 March 2005
Israel and the United States agree to simulate a missile attack on Israel and deny this is in preparation for an attack on Iran's nuclear reactor. The exercise will incorporate Patriot, Arrow, and Hawk missile batteries and will be similar to the exercise that the United States and Israel carried out before the attack on Iraq in 2003. The exercise will simulate an attack by Iranian Shehab missiles for Israeli defense purposes.
--"Israeli army denies simulation exercise preparation for attack on Iran," BBC, 9 March 2005.

21 March 2005
Israel and the United States combine efforts in testing the compatibility of the Arrow and Patriot missile units. As part of a regular series of tests code-named Juniper Cobra, the tests are intended to demonstrate the Arrow's ground-based radar to work with the Patriot system elements to define incoming targets and determine a total plan of attack. Defense sources claim that with bilateral efforts such as these, the system will be more compatible with U.S. anti-missile programs and would facilitate Israeli plans to deploy a centralized national command-and-control center by 2007.
--"Israel, U.S. Test Compatibility of Arrow, Patriot Units," Defense News, 21 March 2005.

31 March 2005
Israeli Minister of Defense Shaul Mofaz meets U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld in order to resolve a dispute over Israel's military relations with China. Israel's Harpy Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) deal with China is viewed negatively by the United States because of the possibility that it might be used against its ally, Taiwan. The deal with China, signed in 1999, was for upgrades to UAVs that were sold to China earlier in the 1990s.
--"Mofaz Hints Israel Might Abandon Harpy UAV Deal With China Under US Pressure," Rhison Leziyyon Globes, 31 March 2005 in FBIS Document GMP2005331000198.

June 2005
Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. is to receive its first shipment of Arrow missile interceptors made in conjunction with Boeing. The joint venture has produced various components such as missile canisters and electronics for use in the missiles. The Israel Missile Defense Organization expects the monthly shipment rate of missile interceptors to double by year's end, eventually reaching a goal of five interceptors each month.
--Tony Capaccio, "Israel to Receive First IAI-Boeing Arrow Missiles this Month," Bloomberg, 14 June 2005.

9 June 2005
One of Russia's Inter-state Financial Groups (MFPG), "Defense Systems," a supporter of the Russian defense industry, has been delivering the Pechora-2M, a surface-to-air anti-cruise missile, to Egypt since 2003.
-- "Russia: Profile of 'Oboronitelnyye Sistemy' Company," Krasnaya zvezda, 9 June 2005, in FBIS Document CEP20050608949008; "S-125 SA3 GOA," <http://www.GlobalSecurity.org>.

9 June 2005
Israeli sources say the Arrow missile, jointly produced by the United States and Israel, will be tested this spring. The U.S. portion of the project is complete and the parts will soon be shipped to Israel where they will be combined for final assembly.
--Ran Dagoni, "Israel-US Produced Arrow Missile to be Tested Next Spring," Globes Publisher Itonut, 9 June 2005.

19 June 2005
Israel halts an arms deal with China in which it was to upgrade Harpy anti-radar UAVs originally purchased by China in 1994. The agreement has been disrupted by U.S. complaints that the new components "amounted to a significant upgrade that would... [ignore] a 2003 U.S. request to halt all military sales to China." Israel has also agreed to confiscate the UAV components that are already on Israeli soil. As a result of the tensions between the United States and Israel that this deal is creating, the Israeli Defense Ministry is sending a delegation for arms talks to Washington.
-- Edward Cody, "China Scolds U.S. for Blocking Israeli Arms Sale," Washington Post, 28 June 2005; Gavin Rabinowitz, "Report: Israel to Confiscate Parts for Chinese Weapons Under U.S. Pressure," Associated Press, 26 June 2005.

27-28 June 2005
Arms discussions between Israel and the United States regarding sales of Israeli military technology to China, including the Harpy UAV, do not end in an agreement. There is to be a second round of talks in July. Washington objects to the sale of any military technology to China. U.S. Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice states that Israel must "be sensitive to U.S. concerns" and interests in the region.
-- Barry Schweid, "Israel, U.S. Make Progress, but No Deal," Associated Press, 28 June 2005.

22 June 2005
Israeli officials ask the U.S. Congress for a preliminary $16 million in aid to produce a defense system to counter short-range ballistic missiles whose ranges are between 40-200 km. The director of the Israel Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, Arieh Herzog, claims that these short-range ballistic missiles are proliferating in Lebanon and Syria, posing a threat to cities in northern Israel.  Sources in the Israeli weapons industry say that with the Patriot and Arrow weapons systems, Israel is prepared for long-range ballistic missiles yet not those with short-ranges.  Rafael Armament Development Authority and Israel Aircraft Industries are competing to develop the system.  Rafael recommends a "hit-to-kill missile with a sensor," while IAI proposes a "‘sensor-less approach’ with a proximity-kill solution."
--Robin Hughes, "Paris Air Show: Israel Seeks US Support to Counter Ballistic Threat," Jane’s Defence Weekly, 22 June 2005.

12 July 2005
Israel Aircraft Industries and Israel Military Industries complete a successful test of a new satellite launcher at Palmahim.  The launcher is intended to put larger and heavier satellites into orbit than the current Shavit launcher is capable of.  This provides Israel with the ability to launch larger surface-to-surface missiles with longer ranges.
--"Israel Successfully Tests New Satellite Launcher on 12 July," Yedi’ot Aharonot, 13 July 2005, in FBIS Document GMP20050713616002.

17 July 2005
A visit to the United States by Israel’s Defense Minister, Shaul Mofaz, is postponed due to increasing violence in the Gaza Strip.  Mofaz was set to negotiate a memorandum of understanding between the United States and Israel regarding future Israeli arms sales to China.  The negotiations surround Israel’s intended upgrade of Harpy anti-radar UAVs for China. 
--Danielle Haas, "Israeli Defense Minister Postpones U.S. Trip Amid Regional Violence: Officials," Associated Press, 17 July 2005.

16 August 2005
A joint statement by Israel and the U.S. says that the Israeli Defense Ministry and the U.S. Pentagon have resolved their dispute over an Israeli/Chinese arms contract for upgrades on Harpy UAVs.  The statement announces that "further measures will be taken . . . to reestablish confidence" between the two countries.
--"Israel, US Resolve Row Over China Arms Deal," Agence France-Presse, 16 August 2005.

16 August 2005
As part of the resolution to the conflict between Israel’s Ministry of Defense and the U.S. Pentagon over arms sales, the United States will renew military technology transfers to Israel.  Bryan Whitman, a Pentagon spokesman, says that the technology transfers will not be reinstated fully until Israel fulfills its responsibilities under the agreement.  The agreed upon memorandum of understanding includes requirements that Israel accept the 1996 Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies and create an "intergovernment arms-export control system."
--Bill Gertz, "U.S. to Restart Arms Technology Transfers to Israel," Washington Times, 17 August 2005.

7 September 2005
Israeli government approves the sale of state-owned Israel Military Industries (IMI). As per the terms of the sale, both IMI missile facilities, Givon Advanced Systems and Maltam Rocket Systems, will be sold to Rafael Armament Development Authority.
--Alon Ben-David, "Israeli Government Decides Fate of IMI," Jane's Defense Weekly, 7 September 2005.

7 September 2005
As part of a resolution following a dispute with the U.S. over arms sales to China, Israel sets up an inter-ministerial steering committee to meet arms control commitments to the U.S. The task of the steering committee is to propose a law for regulating defense exports that includes supervision of exports of dual-use products and technologies by March 2006. According to Ehud Olmert, the acting Minister of Finance and Minister of Industry, Trade and Labor Israel seeks to ground its national interest in legislation in order to define a national policy in this matter. At present the Ministry of Defense supervises military exports and the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor supervises exports of dual-use products and technologies.
--Hadas Manor, "Olmert: Israel will meet arms export commitments to U.S.," Globes, 7 September 2005.

12 October 2005
IDF deploys a sophisticated new radar system near the Gaza Strip, which it hopes will give early warning to Israeli residents of incoming Katyusha missiles, Kassam rockets and possibly mortar rounds. The system is the prototype for a state-of-the-art wider missile defense system the Nautilus also known by the acronym THEL for Theatre High- Energy Laser, which has been in joint development by Israel and the United States for almost a decade and is ultimately intended to be able to intercept such incoming fire with a high-energy laser beam.
--Arieh O'Sullivan, "IDF deploys new radar system near Gaza," Jerusalem Post, 12 October 2005.

4 November 2005
India is set to purchase some 50 Heron MALE (Medium Altitude, Long Endurance) UAV's from Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) in a deal worth $220 million. They will reportedly be put to use for carrying out reconnaissance missions on India's mountainous borders with China and Pakistan.
--Iftikhar Gilani, "India to buy 50 drones from Israel," Daily Times, 4 November 2005.

9 November 2005
The Israel Air Force (IAF) received the first Arrow 2 anti-ballistic missile interceptor produced jointly by Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd and Boeing Integrated Defense Systems. Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) is the chief contractor for the Arrow, Boeing being the subcontractor. Israel has two operational Arrow batteries, and reportedly needs 100 interceptors for each battery.
--Robin Hughes, "First Israeli-U.S. Arrow 2 Missile Delivered," Jane's Defense Weekly, 9 November 2005.

17 November 2005
Following a series of failures with its indigenously developed Shavit II satellite launch vehicle (SLV), Israel has decided to launch its next reconnaissance satellite using an Indian Polar SLV. As per senior Israeli defense sources, India has agreed to launch Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) subsidiary Elta's TecSAR synthetic aperture radar imaging satellite from the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO's) Satish Dhawan Space Centre in southern India. The TecSAR is defined as a civilian purpose satellite.
--Alon Ben-David, "Israel to launch recon satellite from India," Jane's Defense Weekly, 17 November 2005.

2 December 2005
The Israeli Air Force successfully tests the Arrow 2 anti-ballistic missile system against a Black Sparrow test missile. The Black Sparrow was designed to simulate the Iranian Shahab-3 missile.
--Arieh O'Sullivan, "IAF Successfully Tests Arrow Against Mock Shihab," Jerusalem Post, 4 December 2005.

2 December 2005
The Israeli Civil Aviation Administration (CAA) concludes testing of a civilian aircraft defense system against ground-to-air missiles. Israel's national airline "El Al" has already installed the system, known as Flight Guard, on one of its aircraft. Plans are in place to install the anti-missile protection system on an additional six civilian aircrafts in the near future. The Flight Guard system is being converted for use on civilian aircrafts in response to a 2002 attempt by al-Qaeda to use missiles to shoot down an Israeli airliner taking off from Mombassa, Kenya.
--"Israel's El Al to Install Defensive Systems on Aircraft," BBC, 4 December 2005.

4 December 2005
Germany approves the sale of two Dolphin-class submarines to Israel. The two submarines, which will be added to a fleet of three similar-class submarines, will have improved capabilities that will allow them to remain submerged for weeks at a time. The Dolphin-class submarine is also equipped with torpedo tubes reportedly capable of launching cruise missiles carrying nuclear warheads, which would strengthen Israel's second-strike capability. The new submarines will likely be delivered sometime in the next decade.
--Efraim Inbar, "Deterring the Iranian Nuclear Threat," Jerusalem Post, 4 December 2005.

14 December 2005
Israel is scheduled to deliver a 100-km range air to surface missile, the stand-off Crystal Maze, capable of carrying an 80 kg warhead to India next month. The Crystal Maze is an all-weather bunker busting missile that is launched from an aircraft to destroy targets from a distance of 80-100 kilometers.
--"India All Set to Acquire Crystal Maze Missiles from Israel," Indian Express, 14 December 2005.

3 February 2006
Israel and India agree to jointly develop and produce a long-range version of the Barak air defense missile. [Note: the Barak/Adams missile system is an anti-cruise missile system capable of ship or mobile launch developed by Israeli Aircraft Industries]. The missile will be produced by the Hyderabad-based defense Research and Development Organization and the Israel Aircraft Industries. The Barak missile can be launched from both submarines and war vessels, and has been developed for use as a surface to surface missile with a range of 300 kilometers.
--Ranjit Kumar, "India and Israel to Produce Missiles Jointly," New Dehli Navbharat Times, in FBIS Document SAP20060203006004, 3 February 2006; Raytheon, Missile Systems of the World, (Lexington, Massachusetts: AMI International, 1999), p. 50.

1 March 2006
Israel supplies Burma with air-to-air missiles. Israel has also supplied Burma with military software, advanced electronic devices and intelligence training.
--"Burma: Report Names Countries Supplying Arms," Chiangmai Irrawady, in FBIS Document SEP20060317035004, 1 March 2006.

2 March 2006
A high-ranking Israeli Defense Force official states that the Arrow 2 anti-ballistic missile system is capable of intercepting and destroying Iranian missiles carrying nuclear warheads. The official went on to explain that new developments in the Arrow system have made it possible to detect missiles carrying a split warhead armed with decoys. He also asserted that any "incoming missile would be destroyed at such a high altitude that it would disperse and destroy its payload without causing any casualties."
--Yaakov Katz, "Arrow Can Block 'Any Iranian Missile,'" Jerusalem Post, 2 March 2006.

17 March 2006
In order to improve its missile defense capabilities the Israeli Air Force (IAF) is working to upgrade its MIM-104 Patriot low- to high-altitude air-defense system to the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3) system. According to a senior defense source, "The PAC-3 will complement our layered missile defense structure and will enable us to close a gap in our ability to intercept incoming missiles in the lower tier. It will also substantially increase our capabilities to intercept incoming cruise missiles and aircraft." One of Israel's primary motivations for upgrading to the PAC-3 system is the emerging cruise missile threat in the region, especially with allegations that Iran recently obtained the Russian designed Kh-55 (AS-15, 'Kent') cruise missiles which have a range of up to 3,000km.
--Alon Ben-David, "Israel eyes Patriot PAC-3 to boost missile defense," Jane's Defense Weekly, 17 March 2006.

28 March 2006
Alliant Techsystems Inc., Boeing Co. and Israeli Aircraft Industries Ltd. are joining forces to compete for a contract that would support Israel's short-range ballistic missile defense program. The contract is a part of the Ministry of Defense's Homa project, and is meant to find a solution to the Kassam rockets being launched by Palestinian militants. Their proposal plans to adapt Arrow anti-ballistic missile technology to intercept short-range rockets.
--"Alliant joins IAI-Boeing in anti-Kassam tender; A Rafael-Raytheon consortium is also bidding in the tender," Globes, 28 March 2006.

14 April 2006
Arrow anti-ballistic missile batteries in Israel are upgraded to enable them to intercept Iran's long-range missiles. This upgrade has been carried out in the event that Tehran should decide to attack Israel as a response to a U.S. attack on Iran's nuclear facilities. Israel estimates that Iran already has the capability of attacking Israel with accurate long-range missiles.
--Arye Egozi, "Israel: Arrow Missiles Adjusted to Allow Ballistic Missiles Interception," Yedi'ot Aharonot, in FBIS Document GMP20060414614007, 14 April 2006.

24 April 2006
The Israeli Defense Forces increase the alert level of the Arrow 2, a ballistic missile defense system. According to Major Elyakim of the Palmahim Air Force base, the higher alert is indicative of "what is happening around us," including protection against the possibility of attack from Iran.
--Ya'aqov Katz, "IDF Raises Vigilance of Arrow System in Wake of Developments in Iran," Jerusalem Post, 24 April 2006, in Open Source Center Document GMP20060424621009; Martin Sieff, "BMD Watch: Israel Raises Iran Alert Level," United Press International, 25 April 2006.

28 April 2006
While giving a tour of the Israeli Arrow ballistic missile defense system, Major Elyakim, commanding officer of the Palmahim Air Force base, says, "the Arrow does not protect all of Israel. The battery in Palmahim covers the center of the country, and the one in Ein Shemer near Hadera covers the northern region. Other areas - mainly in the south - are partly covered." He discusses the future of the Arrow deployment, stating that in the long run, Israel will "deploy batteries throughout the country, to create a protective umbrella across its skies."
--Yaakov Katz, "Ready...Aim...Intercept!" Jerusalem Post, 28 April 2006.

25 May 2006
Israel's Ministry of Defense Research and Development Directorate has chosen Rafael Israeli Armament Development Authority and Raytheon to create a short-range ballistic missile defense system. The two companies propose to develop a "hit to kill approach" to destroy missiles fired from a range of 40 to 250km.
--"Israel Selects Consortium for Missile Defense," Middle East Newsline, 17 May 2006; "Israeli Def Ministry Selects RAFAEL, Raytheon for Missile Interceptor Development," Israeli Ministry of Defense, 25 May 2006, in Open Source Center Document GMP20060530026001.

5 June 2006
An unofficial report states that the United States has rejected the Israeli Navy's request for the sale of "sea-based missiles," including several with the potential to be cruise missiles.
--"U.S. Refuses to Sell Missiles to Israel Navy," Middle East Newsline, 5 June 2006.

6 June 2006
The Israeli Air Force, in conjunction with the Israeli Ministry of Defense and Israel Aircraft Industries, is developing the Arrow Mark IV, an upgrade to the current ballistic missile defense system. It will include enhanced missile interceptors as well as new radar. This program is partially financed by the United States government.
--Martin Sieff, "BMD Watch: Israel Plans New Arrow Mark 4," United Press International, 6 June 2006.

14 June 2006
Israel's newly announced short-range ballistic missile defense (SRBMD) system, to be developed by the Rafael Israeli Armament Development Authority and Raytheon, is to have the "Stunner" as its missile interceptor. The Stunner will be based on Israel's Python [note: the Python is a short-range air-to-air missile], and will be "capable of intercepting threat missiles at high endo-atmospheric altitudes." According to Adam Cherrill of Raytheon Advanced Missile Defence Programs, "it is aerodynamically controlled, so the altitude limit is governed by the availability of air." The SRBMD is to be designed with the same systems currently in use by the Arrow 2 and Patriot missile defenses. A feasibility study on the program is to be conducted, followed by an 18 month "risk reduction" stage, before development can begin. The system is expected to be operational by 2011.
--James O'Halloran, "Israeli Stunner Will Offset Missile Threat," Jane's Defence Weekly, 14 June 2006; Raytheon, "Python / Moab," Missile Systems of the World, AMI International: 1999, p. 52.

6 July 2006
Israel signs a contract with Germany to purchase two Type 800 Dolphin-class submarines. Israel is financing two-thirds of the project, with the German government paying the remaining expenses. Total cost of the purchase is $1.3 billion. Several news sources have reported that Dolphin-class submarines purchased by Israel in the past have been modified to fire nuclear-capable submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCMs), which the Israeli government has denied.
--Yaakov Katz, "Exclusive: Israel Buys 2 German Subs," Jerusalem Post, 22 August 2006; Alon Ben-David, "Israel Orders Two More Dolphin Subs," Jane's Defence Weekly, 30 August 2006; Ramit Plushnik-Masti, "In Message to Iran, Israel Adds 2 More Submarines Capable of Carrying Atomic Warheads," Associated Press, 25 August, 2006; "German Officials Say Contracts Signed on Submarines for Israel," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 24 August 2006; "Israel: Submarines," Federation of American Scientists, 19 June 2000.

16 July 2006
Israel's war with Hezbollah prompts Israeli Defense Forces to deploy Patriot anti-missile batteries outside Haifa. The deployment is meant to counter any type of missile threat that could be posed by Hezbollah.
--"Martial la in North as rockets hit Tiberius," Jerusalem Post, 16 July 2006.

23 July 2006
The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations approves $25 million to develop a missile to intercept short-range ballistic missiles and long range Katyusha rockets. The program is called short-range ballistic missile defense (SRBM), or mini-Arrow. The defense system is meant to counter the threat in Israel posed by rockets and missiles possessed by Syria and Hezbollah with a range of 20-200 kilometers. These include Katyushas, the Fajr and Zilzal rockets, as well as the Iskander missile that Syria is seeking to purchase from Russia.
--Amnon Barzilay, "US Senate grants Israel $25m for anti-Katyusha missile," Globes Publisher Itonut, 23 July 2006.

July 2006
An Israeli Saar-5 missile ship is hit by a missile launched by Hezbollah off the coast of Beirut. The missile used was a Chinese made C-802 surface to sea missile that was sold to Iran and later modified. Once it became known that Iran had purchased the C-802 missiles from China, Israeli intelligence warned the navy to assume that Hezbollah might be in possession of them as well. Four Israeli soldiers were also killed as a result of the attack.
--"Navy: We didn't know what kind of missiles they were," Jerusalem Post, 17 July 2006; "Navy probe blames faulty intelligence for missile ship hit," Globes Publisher Itonut, 20 July 2006; "Israeli Navy Warned Hizbollah Has China-Made Iranian C-802 Missile, Failed to Act," Ha'aretz, in FBIS Document GMP20060830736006, 30 August 2006.

14 August 2006
In 2005, Israel imported arms from Bosnia-Herzegovina. Among the items exported to Israel were bombs, shells, mines, unspecified missiles, and similar military munitions.
--"Bosnia's Weapons Exports, Imports in 2005 Detailed," Financial Times, 14 August 2006.

September 2006
Israel is reconsidering its decision to scrap the joint U.S.-Israeli laser defense system THEL (tactical high energy laser, also known as Nautilus) earlier this year. The THEL could have potentially provided an effective counter to the thousands of Katyusha rockets fired at Israel by Hezbollah during July and August 2006. The system was shelved last year due to funding constraints and its limited mobile capabilities. However, Israel and the United States are reconsidering their decision to discontinue development, and Northrop Grumman, the U.S. partner in the THEL development, is already offering a smaller, more mobile version of the THEL, known as Sky Guard. The THEL is a system designed to track up to 60 targets at a time, and to fire on and destroy targets at a range of up to 3 miles.
--Benjamin Harvey, "Israelis differ over whether missile defense system would have mattered against Hezbollah," Associated Press, 5 August 2006; Martin Sieff, "BMD Focus: Will THEL live again?" United Press International, 24 August 2006; Ya'aqov Katz, "Israel's Peretz Orders Development of Anti-missile System, Training of Reserves," Jerusalem Post, 25 August 2006; Jaap van Wesel, "Americans Eye Revival of Anti-Katyusha Laser," Jerusalem Report, 18 September 2006.

September 2006
Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz orders the defense establishment to begin development on an anti-missile defense system to counter short and medium range missile threats. There are several different options currently under consideration to meet this need. One option is Northrop Grumman's Sky Guard laser gun system. Another option is to modify the Arrow missile defense system, creating the mini-Arrow system, which is already under development and which is meant to intercept short and intermediate range missiles. Proponents of the mini-Arrow system argue that it would require only a quarter of the funds needed to complete development of the Sky Guard system (an estimated $200 million are needed to complete development of Sky Guard). However, each missile in the mini-Arrow system would cost several hundred thousands of dollars, whereas one "shot" from the laser gun is estimated to cost a mere $3,000. Makers also say that the Sky Guard system could be ready for deployment in as little as 18 months. A third option to consider is the Stunner anti-missile missile system currently in R&D stages. The Stunner is a combination of the technology from the Python air-to-air missile and that of the Patriot missile. R&D costs for the Stunner system are estimated at $250 million, with each missile costing approximately $500,000. A fourth possible system, known as David's Sling, is a high-speed interceptor being developed to defend against targets that only stay airborne for about two minutes. It would target the 302mm Katyusha rockets used by Hezbollah.
--Ya'aqov Katz, "Israel's Peretz Orders Development of Anti-missile System, Training of Reserves," Jerusalem Post, in FBIS Document GMP20060825735002, 26 August 2006; Yosi Melman, "Israel Still Examining Different Options to Counter Short, Medium Range Missiles," Ha'aretz, in FBIS Document GMP2060828735007, 28 August 2006; Amnon Barzilay, "Israel Seeks Info on Northrop Grumman's Sky Guard Laser Missile Defense System," Globes, in FBIS Document GMP20060906739005, 6 September 2006; Gopal Ratnam, "Israel Eyes New Missile Defense Systems," Defense News, 7 September 2006.

3 October 2006
United States Congress votes to provide $150 million to boost joint ballistic missile defense with Israel. Much of the money will go to the Arrow anti-missile system to facilitate "co-production of the system components in the U.S. and for developing improvements."
--Martin Sieff, "BMD Watch: Congress boosts Israel's Arrow," United Press International, 3 October 2006.