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Biological Capabilities

Capabilities Overview
Although today Kazakhstan is not suspected of developing biological agents, its territory was extensively used for the development of the Soviet offensive BW program. The former Soviet BW facilities in Kazakhstan that were involved in research, development, and testing of biological agents, were either dismantled or converted. Today Kazakhstan is largely engaged in peaceful biological activities.

BW Agents

Since Kazakhstan has never developed BW agents independently, the table below will show the agents developed (D) or tested (T) by the Soviet BW system at Kazakhstani facilities.

BW Agents Developed (D) or Tested (T) at Kazakhstani Facilities
BW Agent  Type 
Anthrax (D,T)  bacterial spores 
Plague (T)  bacterium 
Q-fever (T)  bacterium 
Smallpox (T)  virus 
Tularemia (T)  bacterium 
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (T)  virus 
Botulinum toxin (T)  toxin (from Clostridium botulinum bacterium) 
Staphylococcus toxin (D)  toxin (from S. aereus bacterium) 
Rinderpest virus (D)  virus 
Newcastle disease virus (D)  virus 
African swine fever virus (D)  virus 
Sheep pox virus (D)  virus 
Goat pox virus (D)  virus 
Fowl pox virus (D)  virus 
Blue-tongue virus (D)  virus 
Herpes virus (D)  virus 
Cereal rust fungi (D)  fungus 

 

Updated April 2004


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About This Section  CNS Experts 

CNSThis material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by MIIS.

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