| The basic formula of VG (otherwise known by its trade name as Amiton), and related analogues (e.g., VX, VE, VM) were first synthesized in the early 1950s. VG is an odorless, amber-colored oily liquid, with similar viscosity to that of motor oil and is relatively persistent. Like other oils, VG is soluble in fat, and skin absorption of the liquid presents a significant hazard. VG is not quite as toxic, however, as VX, but its high toxicological profile—and suitability for weaponization—forced its inclusion as a Schedule 2 toxic chemical in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). It is described in the chemical literature as being colorless or having a yellowish color, as well as being a low-viscosity liquid with moderate volatility.
The toxicity of Amiton in rats, measured in terms of median lethal dose (LD50), is 2mg/kg. Like other nerve agents, the toxic principle of Amiton is its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the body’s enzyme required for proper nerve transmission at the molecular level. Increased levels of acetylcholine produce exaggerated levels of bodily secretions and muscular twitching, as well as pronounced effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. While death from respiratory paralysis can occur as a consequence, victims are also prone to asphyxiate due to mucous and salivary excretions from the upper respiratory tree. Without timely medical intervention and follow-up treatment, those who do survive exposure to large doses of nerve agents can suffer permanent neurological damage. |
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