4 January 1993
Pakistan and India exchange lists of their nuclear sites for the second year in a row in compliance with a 1988 agreement of nonaggression toward each other's nuclear installations. Neither India nor Pakistan discloses the content of the lists to outside sources as both nations have declined to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and claim that their nuclear programs are only intended for peaceful purposes.
--"Pakistan and India Swap Nuclear Sites," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 4 January 1993; "Nuclear Installations Lists Exchanged With India," Proliferation Issues, 15 January 1993, Pg. 16; Reuters, 4 January 1993, in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 4 January 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

15 January 1993
The Pakistani government decides to accept the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission's (PAEC's) "Safe Operation of KANUPP," a plan to enhance the life of the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP). The plan has cleared the Cabinet Committee on Energy, and the Finance Ministry will release Rs. 154 million for the first installment of the six-year renovation process. Canada will return to the assistance of Pakistan by offering technology to renovate KANUPP through the Candu Owners Group. KANUPP currently serves as a training facility for Pakistani nuclear scientists and provides access to Western technology.
--"Regime Not To Scrap Karachi Nuclear Plant," The Muslim, 15 January 1993, pg. 12; Proliferation Issues, 27 January 1993; "Safe Operation of KANUPP wins go-ahead," Nuclear Engineering International, April 1993, pg. 7; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 27 January 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

26 January 1993
Pakistani nuclear scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, gives an interview to Family Magazine in which he asserts that the Kahuta nuclear plant is used only for enriching uranium, the same uranium which will be used in the 300-megawatt nuclear plant that Pakistan is acquiring from China. Khan also states that Pakistan's ability to enrich uranium ensures its self-reliance and also saves foreign exchange.
--"Nuclear Scientist Qadeer Khan Interviewed," Nawa-I-Waqt (Rawalpindi), 26 January 1993, Pp. 28-29, 87; Proliferation Issues, 12 February 1993, Pg. 12; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 February 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

31 January 1993
A five-member parliamentary delegation from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea led by the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, Yang Hyong-sop, meets with Pakistani Senate Chairman Wasim Sajjad in Islamabad to discuss the nuclear situation in South Asia. Sajjad states that Pakistan supports the peaceful use of nuclear energy and has called for a Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) meeting for all South Asian nations. According to Sajjad, the NPT will only work if all South Asian countries, including India, sign the treaty. Yang Hyong-sop agrees with Sajjad in that Pakistan should adopt a regional approach on nuclear nonproliferation.
--"DPRK Delegation Visits, Discusses Nuclear Issue," PTV Television Network (Islamabad), 31 January 1993; Proliferation Issues, 5 February 1993, pg. 23; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 5 February 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

24 February 1993
Pakistan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sign an agreement for the application of safeguards in connection with the supply of a nuclear power station from the People's Republic of China to Pakistan. The IAEA Board of Governors approved this agreement back on June 19, 1992.
--"Agreement Of 24 February 1993 Between The International Atomic Energy Agency And The Government Of The Islamic Republic Of Pakistan For The Application Of Safeguards In Connection With The Supply Of A Nuclear Power Station From The People's Republic Of China," International Atomic Energy Agency Information Circular, INFCIRC/418, April 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 April 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

April 1993
After a three day visit to Pakistan, Russian Foreign Minister Andrey Kozyrez announces that the two countries have agreed to cooperate in nuclear power projects "in accordance with appropriate international safeguards." He says Russia is willing to supply Pakistan with nuclear power plants.
--"Russia, Pakistan To Seek Nuclear Cooperation," Reuter, 8 April 1993; Compuserve-Executive News Service, 9 April 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 9 April 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

6 April 1993
Pakistan and Russia sign a nuclear cooperation agreement. Activities under the agreement will be carried out in accordance with appropriate international safeguards.
--"Russia and Pakistan Agree," Nuclear Engineering International, June 1993, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 June 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

8 April 1993
After a three day visit to Pakistan, Russian Foreign Minister Andrey Kozyrev announces that the two countries have agreed to cooperate in nuclear power projects "in accordance with appropriate international safeguards." He says that Russia is willing to supply Pakistan with nuclear power plants.
--"Russia, Pakistan To Seek Nuclear Cooperation," Reuters, 8 April 1993; CompuServe-Executive News Service, 9 April 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 9 April 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

22 April 1993
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is currently seeking prequalifications for the construction of intake structures such as reinforced concrete mains and an underground pumphouse for the 300-megawatt nuclear power plant at Chashma, which is being constructed by the Chinese.
--"Pakistan: Bids Sought at Chashma," Nucleonics Week, 22 April 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 22 April 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

26 July 1993
General Mirza Aslam Beg, former Chief of Staff of the Pakistani Army, denies that he made the statement that Pakistan had tested a nuclear weapon in 1987. Beg was quoted in the Awaz International as saying that "Pakistan crossed the line in 1987," and that "Pakistan carried out the test in cold laboratory conditions and it was very successful." However, Beg later told the newspaper Jang that "there's no such thing as a cold test"; he says, "That statement was wrongly attributed to me." Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, a Pakistani nuclear scientist, says that he had no knowledge that Pakistan had "ever made any experimental nuclear explosion"
--The News (Islamabad), 26 July 1993, p. 4; in JPRS-TND-93-025, (FBIS), 2 August 1993, p. 12, "Nuclear Expert Does Not Know of Beg's Nuclear Test Claim."; New York Times, 26 July 1993, pg. A2; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 26 July 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

August 1993
The Japanese government releases an aid package of $350 million to Pakistan while asserting that future Japanese aid will be linked to changes in Pakistan's nuclear program and defense budget. The economic aid package was originally scheduled to be released in December 1992, but was delayed after former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto admitted on a Japanese television program that Pakistan had a nuclear weapons program.
--"Japan Aid Release Called Tilt to Pakistan Nonproliferation View," Nucleonics Week, 19 August 1993, pg. 13; "Japan Withholds Aid To Pakistan Due To Nuclear Weapons," Nucleonics Week, 31 December 1992, Pg. 15; "Finance Minister Says Japan To Link Aid, Nuclear Aid," Kyodo (Tokyo), 21 December 1992; JPRS-TND-93-002, (FBIS), 15 January 1993, Pg. 15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 19 August 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

September 1993
US President Bill Clinton proposes a comprehensive test ban treaty and a multilateral agreement, which would halt the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons purposes. India and Pakistan are believed to be willing participants in this agreement. Also, Pakistani diplomats are eager to have the US participate as a mediator between India and Pakistan, much as it did in the Middle East peace negotiations. In this connection, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto has stated that she is willing to allow "the international supervision that effective arms control will require."
--"Back from the Brink At Islamabad Talks?" Washington Times, 31 December 1993, Pg. A17; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 December 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

September 1993
Pakistan Foreign Secretary Shaharyar Khan and US Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs-Robin Raphael, along with other US and Pakistani officials, meet in Washington DC to discuss regional security and nuclear nonproliferation in South Asia. Secretary Khan states that the talks were "constructive and positive." He also notes that he was pleased with the Clinton Administration's fair approach toward both India and Pakistan on nuclear issues. Lastly, Khan reiterates Pakistan's promise to eliminate its nuclear program if India does so as well and states that Pakistan has halted its nuclear program "at the 1990 level" but has not rolled it back.
--"Television Reports Opening Of Talks With US," PTV Television Network (Islamabad), 3 September 1993; JPRS-TND-93-029, (FBIS), 17 September 1993, Pg. 29; "Nuclear Program Said to Be Frozen at 1990 Level," 2 September 1993; JPRS-TND-93-029, (FBIS), 17 September 1993, Pg. 26; "Television Reports Opening of Talks With US," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 4 September 1993; JPRS-TND-93-030, (FBIS), 27 September 1993, Pg. 15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 17 September 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

16 September 1993
Pakistan Senator Qazi Hussain Ahmed, chief of the Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF), vows to make Pakistan a nuclear power if his party is elected. Ahmed says that nuclear capability would serve as a deterrent which would secure peace and tranquility.
--"PIF Leader Vows To Make Country Nuclear If Elected," The Pakistan Observer (Islamabad), 16 September 1993, Pg. 5; JPRS-TND-93-030, (FBIS), 27 September 1993, Pg. 16; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 27 September 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

19 September 1993
Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) Secretary General Hamid al-Ghabid and President Wasim Sajjad call for peaceful nuclear cooperation among Islamic countries, during a presentation to the OIC's Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation in Islamabad. Both officials reiterate Pakistan's commitment to continue its nuclear program.
--"Ghabid Urges Nuclear Cooperation Among IOC States," The Pakistan Observer (Islamabad), 20 September 1993, pp. 1,4; JPRS-TND-93-031, (FBIS), 8 October 1993, Pg. 22; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 8 October 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

24 September 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Moeen Qureshi says that Pakistan has suspended its nuclear program and that he expects the United States to review its embargo on economic and military aid to Pakistan. Qureshi states that Pakistan is "not proceeding any further beyond the given point that we have reached in our nuclear programme," and that it "is not working on making any nuclear weapons of any kind." Qureshi also says that he believes that the US will rescind the embargo because of the growing military imbalance between Pakistan and India and the need for a deterrent against Indian aggression.
--"Pakistan Premier Says Nuclear Programme On Hold," Reuters (Islamabad), 24 September 1993; Executive News Service, 24 September 1993, in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 24 September 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 October 1993
Canada will aid Pakistan under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) supervision, in a safety inspection of its Canadian-built Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP). The plant is scheduled to close on October 5th for the inspection, which is expected to last for one month (Oct-Nov 1993).
--"Pakistan Nuclear Plant To Shut For Inspection," Reuters, 1 October 1993; Executive News Service, 1 October 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 October 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

5 October 1993
Yuriy Sergeyev, director of the information service of the Ukrainian Foreign Affairs Ministry, reports that Ukraine has never sold nuclear technologies to either Pakistan or Libya. Sergeyev says that Ukraine would not engage in such activities due to its membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and other international organizations.
--"Sale of Nuclear Technologies to Libya, Pakistan Denied," Uniar (Kiev), 6 October 1993; JPRS-TND-93-034, (FBIS), 27 October 1993, p. 38; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 27 October 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

12 October 1993
Swedish Foreign Minister Margaretha AF Ugglas makes a speech in New Delhi in which she urges India and Pakistan to join the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). The foreign minister advises that such a step would do much to ease the present tensions in South Asia.
--"Swedes urge India, Pakistan To Join Nuclear Arms Treaty," Stockholm Radio Sweden (Stockholm), 12 October 1993; JPRS-TND-93-034, (FBIS), 27 October 1993, p. 57; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 27 October 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

19 October 1993
Recently-elected Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, announces that she wishes to resolve any misunderstandings that exist between the United States and Pakistan in regards to Pakistan's nuclear program. Bhutto says that she would like to "renew the old relationship of friendship which we have had with the US."
--"Pakistan's Bhutto Wants Old Ties With US Restored," Reuters, 19 October 1993; Executive News Service, 19 October 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 19 October 1993, http://www/nti.org/db/nuclear.

20 October 1993
Recently-elected Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto says that Pakistan will proceed with its nuclear program which US intelligence believes is oriented toward the development of nuclear weapons. Bhutto says that the nuclear program "will be continued because Pakistan cannot allow India to have an atom bomb while we stay out of the running." Bhutto suggests that relations between the US and Pakistan will remain tense and that she intends to address the issue of the Pressler Amendment which bans US aid to Pakistan unless the President declares that Pakistan does not have nuclear weapons. Bhutto says Pakistan will consider "the aspect of regional non-proliferation" and "the questions of taking on the whole question of Pressler and how it can be removed." She also hopes that France will carry out a previously suspended deal to supply Pakistan with a nuclear power station.
--"Bhutto Takes Charge Again," Washington Times, 20 October 1993, pg. A24; "Bhutto Standing By Nuclear Program," New York Times, 21 October 1993, Pg. A9; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 21 October 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

28 October 1993
Pakistani Foreign Minister Sardar Asif Ahmad Ali speaks before the Pakistani National Assembly and states that Pakistan has no intention of rolling back its nuclear program. Ali says that the nuclear program plays a very important role in the country's economic development and national security. Minister Ali also says that Pakistan's leaders have chosen not to build nuclear weapons and not to transfer sensitive nuclear technology to other countries.
--"Minister Says No Rollback On Nuclear Program," PTV Television Network (Islamabad), 28 November 1993; JPRS-TND-93-038, (FBIS), 29 December 1993, pg. 36; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 29 December 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

3 November 1993
At the annual report of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at the United Nations, Pakistani delegate Ahmed Kamal complains about restrictions imposed on the transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. Kamal says that such restrictions are based on narrow-mindedness and a superiority complex. Kamal also mentions that Pakistan has made several proposals to create a South Asian nuclear free zone and that it is committed to nuclear nonproliferation.
--"Restrictions On Transfer Of Nuclear Technology Criticized," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 3 November 1993; JPRS-TND-035 (FBIS), 10 November 1993, Pg. 39; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 10 November 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

6 November 1993
US Assistant Secretary of State Robin Raphel meets with Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and Army Chief General Abdul Waheed in Islamabad to discuss US-Pakistan relations and differences in regards to the Pakistan nuclear program. However, little progress is made on the nuclear issue between the two sides.
--"Pakistan, US Discuss Nuclear Issue," Reuters, 8 November 1993; Executive News Service, 8 November 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 8 November 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

9 November 1993
The Canadian High Commissioner to Pakistan, Louis A. Delvoie announces that Canada can no longer provide technical assistance to Pakistan's Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) because of Pakistan's refusal to sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and accept full scope safeguards. This announcement reflects Canada's uniform nuclear cooperation policy with all of the UN member countries. Delvoie states that, "there is absolutely no misunderstanding between the two sides on this issue." Delvoie also mentions that approximately twelve Canadian technicians are currently assisting in the safety operations at the Pakistani plant.
--"Canada Unable To Give Technical Help For Nuclear Power Plant," Dawn (Karachi), 9 November 1993, Pg. 1; JPRS-TND-93-037 (FBIS), 8 December 1993, Pg. 38; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 8 December 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

25 November 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto says that Pakistan has reopened talks with France over transfer of a nuclear power plant promised by French President Francois Mitterand in 1990. France had put the discussion of the transaction on hold because there was uncertainty as to whether Pakistan would allow full International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections of its nuclear facilities. Bhutto has since told France that "Pakistan is ready to fulfill all the safeguards in this regard." She states that, "the nuclear power plant shall be the best example of French-Pakistan friendship." Pakistan has previously stated that it would not allow international inspections of its nuclear facilities unless India agrees to do so as well. Western diplomats raise the question whether Pakistan can afford a nuclear plant from France.
--"Pakistan Reopens Talks For French Nuclear Plant," Rueters, 25 November 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 November 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

7 December 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto refutes charges made by the opposition that she intends to cut back the nation's nuclear program in order to appease US interests. Bhutto says that, "As long as there is no threat to our security, the programme will remain peaceful. We have explained to the United States that we cannot roll back our nuclear programme."
--"Bhutto Affirms Commitment to Nuclear Programme," Reuters, 7 Decemeber 1993; Executive News Service, 7 December 1993; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 December 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

30 December 1993
Ashfaq Ahmed, Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), announces at a science conference in Lahore that Pakistan processes all of its uranium domestically and does not need to import uranium since it exploits its own reserves. Ahmed says that Pakistani scientists are self-sufficient and do not rely on foreign assistance or cooperation in the nuclear field. He also states that Pakistan is capable of building its own nuclear power plants and that its scientists have been able to indigenously build a number of major power plant components that were imported in the past. Ahmed adds that Pakistan's nuclear program is for peaceful ends only and that the issue of rolling back the program is political in nature and does not involve the scientists.
--"Energy Official Details Nuclear Achievements, Capabilities," Pakistan (Islambad), 30 December 1993, pg. 3; JPRS-TND-94-003, (FBIS), 31 January 1994, Pp. 14-15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 January 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

31 December 1993
The Indian and Pakistani Foreign Ministers are scheduled to meet in Islamabad to discuss their disagreements on nuclear developments in the region, which could risk a nuclear war if not resolved. Both neighboring states have stockpiled substantial amounts of fissionable material that would allow them to create and detonate nuclear devices within a short period of time.
--"Back from the Brink At Islamabad Talks?" Washington Times, 31 December 1993, Pg. A17; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 December 1993, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

	Updated May 2007