1 January 1994
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto is angered by statements made by Federal Minister for Special Education- Sher Afghan Khan Niazi and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman Ashfaq Ahmed concerning the state of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant, and consequently issues a directive effectively banning public statements on nuclear power plants. Back in December 1993, Afghan Khan Niazi reportedly told Bhutto that the 300-MW Chashma nuclear power plant, which is being built with Chinese assistance, could be unsafe because of the way in which its monitoring system is being developed.
--"Bhutto Bans Public Statements On Nuclear Power Plants," The Muslim (Islamabad), 2 January 1994, Pg. 2; JPRS-TND-94-003, (FBIS), 31 January 1994, Pg. 14; "Minister Reportedly Warns of 'Unsafe' Nuclear Project," Jang (Rawalpindi), 29 December 1993, Pp. 1,5; JPRS-TND-94-003,(FBIS), 31 January 1994, Pg. 15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 January 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

13 January 1994
A group of Canadian engineers representing the Candu Owners Group recently conduct an inspection of Pakistan's 137-MW Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) and find no evidence of hydride corrosion of the fuel channel walls, a common problem found in Canadian-produced Candu reactors after twenty years of service. The inspection team works under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as part of the Safe Operation of KANUPP (SOK) program developed in 1989.
--"Rigid Garter Springs May Have Saved Kanupp From Tube Fracture," Nucleonics Week, 13 January 1994, Pg. 6; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 13 January 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

17 January 1994
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman, Ishfaq Ahmad says that Pakistan will soon be able to build its own nuclear power plants, saying "in fact, a successful experiment in this regard has already been made." He stresses Pakistan's commitment to pursue its nuclear program, which he characterizes as "totally peaceful" and directed only towards "the social uplift of the people." Ahmad adds that the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) has been in charge of the nuclear research and development program, which has been underway for 25 years. At KANUPP, Ahmad says, Pakistani scientists have "prepared spare parts and a full-fledged computer program." In addition, he says that Pakistan's 300 MW Chashma nuclear power plant, being built with the aid of China, is expected to become operational by 1996.
--"Country To Manufacture Nuclear power Reactors 'Soon,'" The News (Islamabad), 19 January 1994, Pg. 11; JPRS-TND-94-005, (FBIS), 25 February 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 February 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

31 January 1994
A five-member delegation from the US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), led by acting director Tom Graham, will visit Pakistan (Feb. 1-3, 1994), to participate in discussions with Pakistani officials regarding the Pakistani nuclear program. A US Embassy spokesman says that the ACDA team, which is expected to call on Pakistan to join the Conference on Disarmament, may bring up the question of Pakistan joining the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
--"U.S. Team Coming For Talks On Nuclear, Other Issues," UPI, 31 January 1994; Executive News Service, 31 January 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 January 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

January 1994
Pakistan establishes a nuclear research institute at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), designed to study nuclear steam supply systems. The new institute will also study the work done at other establishments run by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and will give advice on research and development and design engineering and safety enhancement at Pakistan's nuclear power plants.
--"PAEC Sets Up Nuclear Power Institute," Dawn (Karachi), 20 January 1994, Pg. 1; JPRS-TND-94-005, (FBIS), 25 February 1994, Pg. 22; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 February 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

20 February 1994
The Prime Minister's special assistant on economic affairs, Shahid Hasan, states that Pakistan is considering "at the highest level," a French offer to revive an agreement signed during the previous Pakistan People's Party government, whereby France would supply Pakistan with a nuclear power plant.
--"France Offers To Revive Nuclear Power Plant Agreement With Pakistan," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 21 February 1994; JPRS-TND-94-006, (FBIS), 16 March 1994, Pg. 60; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 16 March 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

29 March 1994
US Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott and Pakistan's Ambassador in Washington D.C., Maleeha Lodhi, discuss the possibility of convening an international conference on nuclear nonproliferation in South Asia. The proposed conference would include all permanent members of the UN Security Council, as well as Japan and Canada. Pakistan is also seeking a one-time waiver of the Pressler Amendment to permit the delivery of 40 F-16 aircraft from the United States. In exchange for the waiver, Pakistan would allow international inspections of its nuclear facilities only if India allows inspections as well.
--"Pakistan Receives U.S. Proposal For Non-proliferation," UPI, 31 March 1994; Executive News Service, 31 March 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 March 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

9 April 1994
US Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott states that talks with Pakistani diplomats concerning Pakistan's nuclear program have been good but that more work remained to be done. Talbott is hoping to convince Pakistan to allow a verifiable cap of its nuclear program in exchange for a one-time waiver of the Pressler Amendment, which would allow the US to deliver 38 F-16 aircraft. On a related note, Talbott visits Pakistan shortly after Prime Minister Bhutto announced, "if we are unilaterally pressed for the capping, it will be discriminatory and Pakistan will not agree to it."
--"Talbott Cites 'Good' Talks In Pakistan," Washington Times, 10 April 1994, Pg. A14; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 10 April 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

20 April 1994
The China Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) begins training 60 Pakistani engineers and technicians in China, in the areas of nuclear power plant (NPP) operation and maintenance, as agreed to in the contract under which it provided the 300 MW Chashma NPP to Pakistan. At the conclusion of the course (training) at the post-graduate school, the trainees will receive hands-on instruction at China's Qinshan plant, whose design is being used in the construction of the Chashma plant.
--"Beijing Trains Pakistani Nuclear Power Plant Operators," Xinhua (Beijing), 20 April 1994; JPRS-TND-94-011, (FBIS), 16 May 1994, Pg. 49; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 16 May 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

April 1994
During his visit to Pakistan, Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Nategh Noori denies Western media reports that he held talks with Pakistani officials concerning cooperation between Iran and Pakistan in the field of nuclear technology. Some US officials claim that Iran is trying to purchase weapons technology from Pakistan.
--"Anti-Muslim Bias Claimed," Nucleonics Week, 21 April 1994, Pp. 14-15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 21 April 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

5 May 1994
Former Pakistani Army Chief General, Mirza Aslam Beg, reveals that Pakistan's nuclear arsenal is controlled by the National Nuclear Command Authority (NNCA). Beg alleges that the NNCA, created in the 1970's, is operated by the Joint Operations Centre out of the General Headquarters of the army in Rawalpindi and is led by the "chief executive." Also according to Beg, all NNCA decisions are made by the Nuclear Command Committee, composed of the prime minister, the president, the army chief, and three other unspecified individuals.

Beg claims that "the NNCA determines the state of readiness which has to be maintained at all times...and lays down in great detail the policy of how the various components will be placed, protected and safeguarded." Beg also describes the potential delivery systems for Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, when he says that "we already have the F-16's, Mirages and the M11's which we are now getting from China...Through the missile program...we should have a delivery system with a very effective, accurate, guiding system provided on the missiles."
--"Bare All And Be Damned: Ex-army Chief Reveals Nuclear Secrets," Far Eastern Economic Review, 5 May 1994, Pg. 23; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 5 May 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

15 May 1994
Pakistani Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Saeed M. Khan, tells student-officers of the Pakistan Navy Staff College that the Indian Navy is working on a program to develop a nuclear propulsion capability.
--"Pakistan's Navy Chief Says Indian Naval Missile Program 'Ominous,'" The Nation (Islamabad), 16 May 1994, Pp. 1,4; JPRS-TND-94-012, (FBIS), 7 June 1994, Pp. 15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 June 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

18 May 1994
Pakistani Foreign Minister Sardar Assef Ali says that Pakistan would be willing to permit US inspections of its nuclear facilities. Ali says, "Pakistan is ready to consider any US proposal for non-intrusive means to verify that our nuclear program is not weapons oriented."
"Pakistanis Offer Limited Checks On Atom Plant," Daily Telegraph, 24 May 1994; "Pakistan To Allow Nuclear Inspection," UPI, 18 May 1994; Executive News Service, 18 May 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 24 May 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

May 1994
Pakistan's opposition parties urge Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto to resign after Foreign Minister Sardar Assaf announced that Pakistan may allow the US to conduct non-intrusive inspections of Pakistan's nuclear facilities. The Foreign Office later states that Pakistan will only accept such a proposal if the inspections would apply to India as well.
--"Pakistan In Nuclear Controversy," UPI, 20 May 1994; Executive News Service, 20 May 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 20 May 1994, http://www/nti.org/db/nuclear.

14 June 1994
Pakistani Foreign Minister Sardar Aseff states that Pakistan "could not give up the nuclear weapons option" until its disputes with India over Kashmir are resolved.
--"Pakistan Retains Nuclear Option," UPI, 14 June 1994; Executive News Service, 14 June 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 14 June 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

23 June 1994
At an annual conference of scientists held in Nathiagali, Pakistan, Pakistani President Farooq Leghari says that Pakistan would like to attract private investment for building nuclear power plants so that it can confront the power shortage in the country. Farooq states that all new nuclear power plants would be placed under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards and that he hopes that the US and other countries (advanced in nuclear technology), would reevaluate Pakistan's nuclear program and give it "credit for the tremendous self-restraint" that it has shown and remove the restrictions currently in place.
--"Pakistan Seeks Investment In Nuclear Power," UPI, 23 June 1994; Executive News Service, 23 June 1994; "President Views Political Scene, Nuclear Programs, Missiles," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 23 June 1994; JPRS-TND-94-014, (FBIS), 13 July 1994, Pp. 41-42; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 23 June 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

30 June 1994
During a visit to Dublin, Ireland, Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto states that India's deployment of the Prithvi missile system, which is capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, could instigate an arms race in South Asia. Bhutto also says that Pakistan has shown "tremendous restraint" and has yet to detonate a nuclear device despite India's nuclear test and recent test- firing of its missile system.
--"Bhutto In Missile Warning," Financial Times, 1 July 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 July 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

July 1994
It is reported that the construction of the Pakistani Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (Chasnupp) is being aided by international experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and China. In fact, safety experts from the IAEA have inspected Chasnupp's design. As of this date (July 1994), a group of 61 Pakistani engineers and scientists are undergoing formal training in China in the operation and maintenance of a nuclear plant.

It is believed that the technology and know-how obtained from these joint operations will spill over into areas other than nuclear technology. It is hoped that local participation in the design and construction will contribute to the knowledge and experience of scientists and technicians involved in the future creation of nuclear power plants.
--"CHASNUPP: One Year After First Concrete Pouring," PakAtom, July 1994-August 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 July 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

July 1994
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Asif Ahmad Ali, signs a joint memorandum on mutual understanding and cooperation with Ukraine. Ali declines to comment on Ukraine's non-participatory status in regards to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). He also says that Pakistan is in favor of nonproliferation in Asia, but due to security issues, it (Pakistan) "cannot take such obligations unilaterally."
--"Views Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue," UNIAR (Kiev), 7 July 1994; FBIS-SOV-94-131, 8 July 1994, Pg. 41; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 8 July 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

3 August 1994
At a press briefing in New Delhi, a German official of the External Affairs Ministry says that the German government has taken action against German firms covertly supplying nuclear technology to Pakistan and has deported two Pakistani diplomats who were involved in the transactions.
--"Pakistan: Bonn Halts N-tech Supply," Asain Recorder, 27 August 1994-2 September 1994, Pp. 24201-24202; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 27 August 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

8 August 1994
China is currently constructing the Chashma nuclear power plant in Pakistan under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. It is likely that Pakistan will order a second 300 MWe plant from China. Since Pakistan is not a signatory to the NPT, it cannot obtain nuclear technology from countries other than China.
--"Pakistan Looks Likely To Order A Second 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant From China," Power in Asia, 8 August 1994, Pg. 10; Uranium Institute News Briefing, 3-9 August 1994, Pg. 2; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 3 August 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

August 1994
US Intelligence agencies discover that Pakistan is going forward on a deal to purchase M-11 missiles from China. Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif recently stated that Pakistan possesses a nuclear bomb. This statement has increased concern among proliferation experts that Pakistan will employ the Chinese missiles (M-11) for the delivery of nuclear warheads.
--"Pakistan-China Deal For Missiles Exposed: Nuclear Ambitions Spur U.S. Concern," Washington Times, 7 September 1994, Pp. A1, A18; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 September 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

August 1994
Dr. Beatrice Heuser, professor of European security and nuclear strategy at King's College in London, describes Pakistan's attempt to obtain more plutonium (apparently from Russia) as "worrying."
--"Worst Scenarion Links Plutonium To Algeria, Iran," Press Association (London), 18 August 1994; JPRS-TND-94-017, (FBIS), 8 September 1994, Pp. 46-47; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 8 September 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

15 September 1994
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto travels to Madrid, Spain to meet with Spanish President Felipe Gonzales. During her meeting, the prime minister says that Pakistan is committed to nuclear nonproliferation and is seeking a regional ban on nuclear weapons in South Asia, even though it has the necessary materials and knowledge for constructing a nuclear weapon.
--"Pakistan's Bhutto Seeks Regional Nuclear Arms Ban," Reuters, 15 September 1994; Executive News Service, 15 September 1994; "Gonzales' Aides Advise Him Not To Pressure Bhutto Into Signing The NPT," El Pais, 14 September 1994; "Solana Advises Pakistan To Sign The Treaty That Prohibits Nuclear Arms," El Pais, 15 September 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 15 September 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

24 September 1994
US Secretary of Energy, Hazel O'Leary, states that the US and Pakistan are considering to enter a cooperation agreement for nuclear power safety. O'Leary says that she has spoken with the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Ishfaq Ahmad, about the possibility of cooperating in regards to nuclear safety and added that she was "open to continue the discussions."

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) officials state that preliminary results of a fuel channel integrity assessment of the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant's (KANUPP) 137 mw reactor, carried out by the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., were "very positive and encouraging."
--"O'Leary Says U.S. Would Work With Pakistan On Nuclear Safety," Nucleonics Week, 29 September 1994, Pp. 6-7; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 29 September 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

2 November 1994
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto arrives in France for an official three-day visit, during which she will address the possible sale of a French nuclear power plant. Tomorrow (November 3), Bhutto and French officials are expected to discuss reviving a 1984 contract for France to supply Pakistan with a 900 MW nuclear reactor. Bhutto states that France and Pakistan are engaged in "high-level" negotiations concerning the delivery of the reactor and that she is "optimistic" that the talks will be successful.
--"Pakistan PM Arrives In France," UPI, 2 November 1994; Executive News Service, 2 November 1994; "France/Pakistan: Reactor Discussion," Nucleonics Week, 3 November 1994, Pg. 17; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 2 November 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

5 November 1994
Pakistani President Farooq Leghari expresses his nation's desire to acquire technology from China to build a nuclear power plant (at the end of his trip to China).
--"Leghari Ends PRC Visit, Discusses Nuclear Cooperation," Voice of Russia World Service (Moscow), 5 November 1994; FBIS-SOV-94-234, 5 November 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 5 November 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

26 November 1994
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto gives an interview, in which she says that the refusal of the US to deliver F-16 jets, which Pakistan has paid for, is strengthening the position of hardliners who want Pakistan to develop nuclear weapons. Bhutto says that her country would like recognition for refraining from detonating a nuclear device or exporting nuclear technology, despite the October 1990 cut-off in US military assistance.
--"Bhutto Says U.S. Moves Promote Nuclear Spread," Reuters, 26 November 1994; Executive News Service, 26 November 1994; "Pakistan's Bhutto Asks US For Planes Or Money Back," Reuters, 17 November 1994; Executive News Service, 17 November 1994; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 26 November 1994, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

	Updated June 2007