This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here.

Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation.

16 January 1994
According to a high-ranking South Korean government official, the United States has been pressuring South Korea to formalize the North-South Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula into a treaty. The official says, the United States has suggested providing South Korea with material for the peaceful uses of atomic energy if South Korea agrees to formalize the Joint Declaration.
—"Mi, (Hanbando Pihaek) Choyakhwa Amnyŏk/Chaech'ŏrishishŏl Poyukŭmji," Donga Ilbo, 17 January 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Kim Ch'asu, "Haekchu'gwŏn Sashilsang P'ogi Yogu/Hanbando Piheakchoyakhwa Munjejŏm," Donga Ilbo, 17 January 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

17 January 1994
The South Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs denies allegations that the United States has been pressuring the Koreas to formalize the North-South Korea Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula into a treaty. According to Han, after North Korea's announcement to withdraw from the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in March, other countries suggested formalizing the Declaration into an international treaty, but the United States said that would not be an effective method to solve the North Korean nuclear crisis. [Note: According to the Donga Ilbo, the South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs says on 17 January 1994 that the South Korean government is against the US plans to promote formalizing the Declaration into an international treaty because the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula does not involve the international community and should therefore only be handled by the concerned parties.]
—"Han Denies Report on Inter-Korea Non-Nuclear Treaty," United Press International, 17 January 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'Hanbandopihaek Choyakhwa/Hanmi Nonŭihanjŏk Ŏpsŏ' Han Oemu," Segye Ilbo, 18 January 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Hanbando Pihaekchoyakhwa Pandae/Chŏngbo Ipchangjŏngni," Donga Ilbo, 18 January 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

25 January 1994
The South Korean Ministry of Unification announces its decision to establish an agency for possible mutual nuclear inspections with North Korea. The agency's tentative name is the Atomic Energy Control Center.
—"S. Korea to Set up Atomic Energy Control Center," Xinhua News Agency, 25 January 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Nambuk Sanghosach'al Taebi Haekt'ongje Center Ŭl Shinsŏl/T'ongilkwankyejanggwanhoeŭi," Taehan Mail, 26 January 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

26 January 1994
US officials announce that preparations are under way to deploy Patriot missiles in South Korea at the request of General Gary Luck, the commander of US forces in South Korea.
—"North Korea Assails US Plan to Put Patriot Missiles in South," Agence France Press, 28 January 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S. Pan on 'Patriot' in S. Korea Made," Xinhua News Agency, 29 January 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

2 February 1994
Addressing the annual meeting of South Korean diplomats, Foreign Minister Han Sŭng Ju says that the dispute over North Korea's nuclear program should be resolved through dialogue in order to prevent its development into a "worst-case" scenario.
—"Seoul Urges Talks to Solve North's Nuclear Issue," Japan Economic Newswire, 2 February 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'Nambuktaekyŏlshimni Chiyanghaeya'/Pukhaektaeŭng Yuyŏnhan Chase'p'illo/Han Oemu Kangjo," Segye Ilbo, 2 February 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

11 February 1994
South Korean Foreign Minister Han Sŭng Ju meets with senior US officials in Washington to discuss North Korea's refusal to allow IAEA inspections of its nuclear facilities. After meetings with US Vice President Al Gore and National Security Advisor Anthony Lake, Han announces that the United States and South Korea have "decided to exert all available efforts to settle the nuclear question through dialogue until the regular Board of Governors' meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)." Speaking on the possibility of calling for economic sanctions in the UN Security Council, Han says that China may not oppose sanctions but is still reluctant to support such measures, believing that the international community must first give negotiations a chance.
—"S Korean FM Set for Talks on North Korean Nuclear Impasse," Agence France Presse, 11 February 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; George Gedda, "U.S., Japanese Leaders Weigh Sanctions against North Korea," Associated Press, 12 February 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; South Korean News Agency [sic], 11 February 1994, in "South Korean Foreign Minister in USA; UN Security Council to Meet in Vienna," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 14 February 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

18 February 1994
US and South Korean officials reaffirm their position that the resumption of inter-Korean dialogue on the nuclear situation on the peninsula is a prerequisite for the next round of high-level talks between the United States and North Korea.
—South Korean News Agency [sic], 18 February 1994, in "USA, South Korea Reportedly Confirm Conditions for US Talks with North," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 19 February 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'Nambuktaehwa'dwaeya Mi Pukhoedam'/Clinton, Han Oemu T'onghae YS'e Dapshin," Taehan Mail, 19 February 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

March 1994
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute establishes the Technology Center for Nuclear Control (TCNC) with assistance from the United States. The TCNC is responsible for providing the government with technical support in accounting for nuclear material, import/export controls, physical protection, implementing International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) safeguard inspections, and adhering to other international nonproliferation rules and guidelines.
—Mark Hibbs, "South Korea Must Reprocess If DPRK Has Weapons Program, Minister Says," Nuclear Fuel, 6 June 1994, p. 6, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), "History of KAERI," <http://www.kaeri.re.kr/1_7_1.htm>.

2 March 1994
General Gary Luck, commander of US forces in South Korea, announces to Congress that the joint US-South Korean Team Spirit military exercises will be cancelled. A few hours later (3 March), the South Korean Foreign Ministry announces the cancellation in Seoul. However, both the United States and South Korea state that the cancellation of the military exercises is contingent on North Korea allowing the completion of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections at seven declared nuclear facilities and the resumption of inter-Korea dialogue regarding nuclear issues on the peninsula.
—Michael R. Gordon, "South Korea Offers Terms for Ending War Games," New York Times, 3 March 1994, p. A12, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Shin Sang In, "Mi, Pukhanch'ŭk (Ŭidodoen Haengdong)e' Ŭihokchegi," Segye Ilbo, 3 March 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

18 March 1994
Lee Ch'ung Kuk defects to South Korea. Lee, a former analyst and translator for the Ministry of People's Armed Forces Nuclear Chemical Defense Bureau, supplies South Korean officials with information about North Korea's nuclear weapons and chemical weapons programs.
—U Chong Chang, Chugan Chosun, 30 June 1994, pp. 26-28, in "Weekly Assesses DPRK Nuclear War Preparations," FBIS-EAS-94-126, 30 June 1994, p. 38; "Pukhan'gun Chungsa Kwisun," Donga Ilbo, 19 March 1994, p. 31, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

21 March 1994
President Clinton announces that the United States will send Patriot missiles to South Korea in response to growing tensions on the Korean peninsula. Speaking to reporters in Florida, Clinton says, "We have agreed that it is our national interest and in the interest of the security of the people of South Korea and the security of our armed forces there to send Patriot missiles at this time." According to a Pentagon spokesman, the missiles will be transported by sea and reach South Korea in about 30 days.
—Jim Abrams, "Clinton Says United States Sending Patriot Missiles to South Korea," Associated Press, 21 March 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Michael R. Gordon, "U.S. Goes to U.N. to Increase the Pressure on North Korea," New York Times, 22 March 1994, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

22 March 1994
South Korean President Kim Young Sam places the South Korean military on high alert in response to a North Korean delegate's remark that North Korea could turn Seoul into a "sea of fire." Kim is scheduled to leave for Japan and China tomorrow. [Note: The remark is made during a meeting of North and South Korean officials at Panmunjom].
—Terry McCarthy and Teresa Poole, "Seoul Forces Put on Alert as Tension with North Grows, The Independent, 23 March 1994, p. 10, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; John Burton and George Graham, "S Korean Forces Go on Alert as N-Plant Row with North Grows," Financial Times, 23 March 1994, p. 24, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; T.R. Reid, "North Korea Warns of 'Brink of War'," Washington Post, 23 March 1994, p. A23, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Steven Greenhouse, "Christopher Says U.S. Stays Firm on Korea, But Pledges Diplomacy," New York Times, 23 March 1994, p. A12, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

27-29 March 1994
South Korean President Kim Young Sam travels to China in order to plead with Chinese leaders to place added pressure on North Korea to resolve suspicions about its nuclear program. On 28 March China's President Jiang Zemin tells Kim that the only way to resolve the issue with North Korea is through dialogue.
—Peter Goodspeed, "China's Help Sought in North Korean Nuclear Crisis," Toronto Star, 28 March 1994, p. A15, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Victoria Graham, "U.S., China at Odds over Security Council Statement on North Korea," Associated Press, 28 March 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

April 1994
According to a report in Jane's Defense Weekly, South Korea had plans to develop nuclear weapons as late as 1991. The report cites Sŏ Su Jong, the former chief secretary of the Agency for National Security Planning from 1987 to 1993, who stated that former President Roh Tae Woo had plans to develop nuclear weapons in 1991. According to Sŏ, Roh Tae Woo's decision came following reports that North Korea was suspected of developing nuclear weapons. The plans were cancelled due to US pressure in 1991.
—"Seoul Planned Nuclear Weapons Until 1991," Jane's Defense Weekly, 2 April 1994, p. 1.

8 April 1994
The Indian Department of Energy and the Korean Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) sign a contract for India to ship 100 metric tons of heavy water to South Korea for three nuclear power plants in Wŏlsŏng, North Kyŏngsang Province.
— Shekhar Hattangadi, "KEPCO and DEA Sign Deal for Wolsung Heavy Water Supply," Nucleonics Week, 14 April 1994, p. 5, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Indo Haekwŏnjaroyong Chungsu/Han'guksŏ Paek T Suip," Donga Ilbo, 9 April 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

15 April 1994
South Korean Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Unification Lee Yŏng Tŏk announces that South Korea has withdrawn its demand for an exchange of special envoys with North Korea as a condition for the resumption of high-level US-North Korean talks.
—"S. Korea Withdraws Demand for Exchange of Inter-Korean Envoys," Xinhua News Agency, 15 April 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'T'ŭksa' P'ogi/Pug'e 5 Wŏlch'o'kkaji Ch'ugasach'al Suyong Ch'okku," Kukmin Ilbo, 15 April 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "'Sŏn T'ŭksa'gyohwan' Ch'ŏlhoe/I T'ong'ilbuch'ongni/Haek Ch'oeusŏnhae'gyŏl Ipchang'ŭn Pulbyŏn," Joongang Ilbo, 15 April 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

19 April 1994
Nuclear Electric, a UK utility company, signs a technical cooperation agreement with the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).
— Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/
kepco_plaza/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_07_03.html>; Michael Smith, "UK-S Korea in Power Agreement," Financial Times, 20 April 1994, p. 6, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

20 April 1994
US Secretary of Defense William Perry and South Korea's Defense Minister Lee Pyŏng T'ae hold a meeting to discuss issues related to the North Korean nuclear crisis. After the meeting, both officials announce that if North Korea does not accept the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) inspections and do not resume inter-Korean talks by October, then the joint US-South Korea Team Spirit exercises will begin in November. North Korea has previously criticized plans for the Team Spirit exercises calling them a preparation for war against their country.
—R. Jeffrey Smith, "US-South Korean Exercise Put Off as Gesture to North; Perry Sees Inspection of Nuclear Reactor as Critical," Washington Post, 21 April 1994, p. A18, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yu U Gŭn, "Team Hullyŏn 11Wŏl Shilshi/Hanmi Kukpanghoedam/10 Wŏlkkaji Haekchinjŏnŏpsŭmyŏn," Segye Ilbo, 21 April 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

26 April 1994
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) submits a bid to assist the Turkish Electricity Authority to prepare bid documents and evaluate tenders for its planned nuclear power plant. [Note: According to a Kyŏnghyang Shinmun report on 30 April 1994, South Korea is in the process of preparing to bid for Turkey's planned nuclear power plant.]
—Margaret L. Ryan, "Korean Nuclear Industry Takes First Steps into Export Market," Nucleonics Week, 2 June 1994, p. 1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Han Yun Chŏng, "P'alchŏnsŏlbiŏpch'e/Haeŭishijang Kongnyak Hwalbal/Chung In Tongnama Saudi Dŭngsŏ 'Kaega'," Kyŏnghyang Shinmun, 30 April 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

May 1994
India's Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) signs an agreement with the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) to provide 100 tons of heavy water in 1997-1998. The heavy water is to be used for the Wŏlsŏng-2 nuclear power reactor.
—"Late News in Brief," Nuclear News, May 1994, p. 22, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "India-H-Water for Kepco," FT Energy Newsletter, 2 May 1994, p. 12, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

23 May 1994
South Korean Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Unification Lee Hong Ku announces that South Korea has to reconsider the Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula from a new angle as long as North Korea possesses the Radiochemistry Laboratory, which is Pyongyang's major reprocessing facility. He says that the Joint Declaration has been in fact nullified in a sense. However, the Prime Minister does not mention an alternative policy. Prior to the Deputy Prime Minister's announcement, South Korea National Assemblyman Lee Se Ki says that the South Korean government should announce nullification of the Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and consider acquiring "a nuclear card."
—"'Hanbando Pihaekhwa Chaegŏmt'o/Sangwidappyŏn/Lee Puch'ongni Shisa," Tonga Ilbo, 24 May 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Yun Kuk Han, "'Haekkongdongsŏn'ŏn' Chaegŏmt'o Pulga'p'i," Hankyoreh Shinmun, 24 May 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

24 May 1994
In response to Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hong Ku's announcement about reconsidering the Joint Declaration of Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula on 23 May, South Korean Ministry of Unification spokesman Kim Hyŏng Ki says that Lee's announcement was a remark stressing South Korea's position that the Agreed Framework and the Joint Declaration must be fulfilled. Kim adds that Lee's intention in making the announcement is to ask the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the international community to continue their efforts in persuading Pyongyang to obey the Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.
—"Hanbando Pihaekhwasŏn'ŏn Chaegŏm't'o Palŏn/T'ongilwŏn 'Sŏnŏnjunsu Ch'okkuttŭt' Haemyŏng," Kyunghayng Shinmun, 25 May 1994, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

26 May 1994
South Korean Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hong Ku hosts a conference on unification and security policy coordination at the Office of the South-North Dialogue under the Ministry of Unification. According to a South Korean Ministry of Unification spokesman Kim Hyŏng Ki, the South Korean government reaffirms during the conference that it is of vital importance to implement and to fulfill the Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.
—"Puksŏ Chunsuhaeya 'Pihaekhwa' Yuhyo/T'ongilanbo Chŏngch'aekhoeŭi," Hankook Ilbo, 27 May 1994, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

4 June 1994
Delegates from the United States, Japan, and South Korea issue a joint statement in Washington calling on the UN Security Council to "urgently" consider economic sanctions against North Korea for defying IAEA inspectors.
—"U.S., Japanese, S. Koreans Meet in Washington," United Press International, 4 June 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; John Darnton, "Clinton Says That North Korea Can Still Avoid U.N. Sanctions," New York Times, 5 June 1994, p. 16, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

8 June 1994
South Korean President Kim Young Sam meets with his National Security Council and decides that economic sanctions should be used to deal with North Korea's defiance of the IAEA. He says that South Koreans must prepare for Pyongyang's response to the sanctions, which could include political turmoil or even military action.
—Charles A. Radin, "South Korea President Says Sanctions Needed to End Nuclear Dispute," Boston Globe, 9 June 1994, p. 1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'Pukhaek Uri Kyŏnugo Itta'/Kukkaanbohoeŭi Non'ŭi Naeyong," Donga Ilbo, 9 June 1994, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Puk Haekkaebal Pandŭshi Chŏji," Hankryoreh Shinmun, 9 June 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

9 June 1994
Former US President Jimmy Carter announces that he will travel to North and South Korea in the coming week to discuss "important issues of the day with leaders." Carter claims that he "will have no official status relating to the US government" and thus will not be speaking on behalf of Washington.
—"DPRK Urges U.S. to Help Establish New Peace Mechanism," Xinhua News Agency, 10 June 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kim Yŏngchin, "Carter Naejŏ Nambukhan Ch'aryero Pangmun/ Kaeinja'gyŏg'ŭro," Kukmin Ilbo, 10 June 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

28 June 1994
North and South Korea agree to hold the first ever inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang on 25-27 July. The decision to hold the summit comes after hours of negotiations between officials from both Korea's in Panmunjŏm. South Korean President Kim Young Sam is expected to travel to Pyongyang during 25-27 July. The two sides are to discuss the possibility of extending the talks during the summit. The summit would mark the first meeting between leaders of the two Korea's since the Korean peninsula was divided on August 1945.
—"Inter-Korean Summit Set," United Press International, 28 June 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Two Koreas to Hold First Ever Summit in July," Japan Economic Newswire, 28 June 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yu Sŭn Gu, "Nambukchŏngsanghoedam Pyongyangsŏ Yŏnda/7 Wŏl 25-27 Il Yŏksajŏk Taejwa," Hankook Ilbo, 29 June 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

1 July 1994
Delegates from the United States, Japan, and South Korea hold a third round of consultations in Washington to discuss North Korea's suspected nuclear weapons program. The three countries reaffirm their commitment to solving the problem through cooperation and dialogue.
—"Japan-U.S.-ROK Ties on Nuke Issue Reconfirmed," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 4 July 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "US, Japan, S. Korea Seek Solution to Nuclear Standoff," Japan Economic Newswire, 2 July 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

1 July 1994
Diplomats from North and South Korea meet to discuss the details of the upcoming summit between the leaders of the two countries to be held in Pyongyang on 25-27 July. The South Korean delegation will be allowed to bring 100 officials and 80 members of the South Korean press.
—Peter Goodspeed, "Korean Summit Plans Bog Down But Diplomats Do Strike Deals on Some Details of Meeting," Toronto Star, 2 July 1994, p. A13, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Ku Pon Yŏng, "Tandokchŏngsanghoedam Duch'arye Isang/Nambuk Shilmuchŏpch'oksŏ Hapŭi," Taehan Maeil, 2 July 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

7 July 1994
Officials in Seoul and Tokyo announce that the United States, Russia, and South Korea are currently working on a plan to supply North Korea with a light water nuclear reactor to replace its graphite-moderated reactor. Under the proposal, Russia would provide North Korea with light water reactor technology, and South Korea would pay the costs by waiving part of the $1.47 billion in loans owed by Moscow to Seoul.
—Kevin Rafferty, "Plan Offers North Korea Safer Nuclear Technology; U.S., South Korea and Russia Working out Details," Ottawa Citizen, 9 July 1994, p. A5, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Plan Discussed to Provide North Korea with Russian Reactor," Associated Press, 6 July 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

8 July 1994
Kim Il Sung dies of heart failure at the age of 82. Kim's death comes during a period of bilateral negotiations with the United States to freeze the North Korean nuclear program, and shortly before a summit meeting with South Korean President Kim Young Sam that was scheduled to begin on 25 July 1994. His son, Kim Jong Il, later succeeds him as leader of North Korea.
—James Sterngold, "Death Adds a Dangerous Uncertainty to the Warming With U.S.," New York Times, 9 July 1994, p. 5, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Kim Il Sung, N. Korea's Longtime Leader, Dies," Los Angeles Times, 9 July 1994, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Kim Il Sŏng Chusŏk Samang/Ŏje Saebyŏk Kapchagi/Pukhant'ŭkpyŏlbangsong," Kukmin Ilbo, 9 July 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Hŏ Nam Chin, "Kim Il Sŏng Samang/Nambukchŏngsanghwoedam Musan/P'yŏngyangbangsong 'Ŏje Saebyŏk Shimgŭn'gyŏngsaeg'ŭro'," Joongang Ilbo, 9 July 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Dr. Taeho Kim, "Kim Jong-il—North Korea's New Leader," Jane's Intelligence Review, September 1994, pp. 421-424.

11 July 1994
North Korea indefinitely postpones the North-South summit scheduled for 25-27 July. In a one-sentence letter sent to South Korea, Kim Yong Sun, chairman of North Korea's Unification Policy Committee says, "Because of the unusual state of affairs on our side, which has already been made known through urgent reports, I have been instructed to inform you that the scheduled South-North summit meeting will have to be postponed."
—James Sterngold, "Korean Summit Talks Postponed as Northern Military Backs Heir," New York Times, 11 July 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "North Korea Postpones Summit, Nuclear Talks with U.S. to Resume," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 11 July 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Late July 1994
Fragema and FBFC agree to build a conversion plant for Korea Nuclear Fuel. The plant would have the capacity to convert 200 metric tons of UF6 to UO2, and it is expected to be operational by early 1998.
—"France/Korea," Nucleonics Week, 28 July 1994, p. 16, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Haengmulchil Pyŏnhwashisŏl/Taejŏnjiyŏg'e Sŏlch'i/Han'gukhaeg'yŏllyo Pulgwa Kyeyak," Kookmin Ilbo, 27 July 1994, p.2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

August 1994
The Korea Multi-Purpose Research Reactor (KMRR) is renamed Hi-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO).
—Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, "Kungnaeyŏn'guyong Wŏnjaro Yŏnhyŏk," <http://hanaro.kaeri.re.kr:8080/Sub_menu/
Sub_Frm.php?Sub_chk=1&amp;amp;Main_chk=1-2>.

15 August 1994
South Korea formally offers to supply North Korea with light water reactor technology if Pyongyang opens all of its nuclear facilities to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors. President Kim Young Sam says, "If and when the North guarantees the transparency of its nuclear activities, we are ready to support their development of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, including light water nuclear reactor construction, by providing them with the necessary capital and technology."
—Andrew Pollack, "South Korea Offers Nuclear Aid to North: Gesture Asks for Weaponry Assurances," New York Times, 15 August 1994, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Ku Pon Yŏng, "Pukhaek Kyŏnghyŏpyŏn'gye Wanhwa Kŏmt'o/Kuch'ejoch'i Shinjung...Wanjŏnbullinŭn Anhkiro/ Chŏngbu," Taehan Maeil, 16 August 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

16 August 1994
South Korea suggests setting up an international consortium to organize the replacement of North Korea's graphite-moderated reactor technology with the more efficient and more proliferation resistant light water reactor technology.
—"Seoul Wants Consortium to Lead North Korea Nuclear Conversion," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 16 August 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Han'guk"Yang Sŭng Hyŏn, "Chŏngbu, 'Taebukchiwŏn Taech'aekpan' Kot Kusŏng," Taehan Maeil, 17 August 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "'Han'gukhyŏng Kyŏngsuro Kwanch'ŏl'/'Kwagŏ Haek Kyumyŏng' Hanwoemu Migungmu T'onghwa," Kukmin Ilbo, 15 August 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Lee Chae Kŭn, "Han Mi Il Consortium Pangshik/Urich'ŭg'i Taebubun Pudam," Kukmin Ilbo, 16 August 1994, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

6 September 1994
South Korean Foreign Minister Han Sŭng Ju meets with Robert Gallucci, the head US negotiator in talks with North Korea. Han insists that South Korea play a larger role in resolving the nuclear crisis in North Korea. According to Seoul, North Korea's nuclear program is a North-South issue as well as an international issue and should be dealt with accordingly. Han also conveys Seoul's concern to the United States over the speed at which Washington is normalizing relations with Pyongyang.
—"South Koreans Insist on Role in Nuclear Talks with North Korea," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 6 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; George Gedda, "U.S. Says It Remains Committed to South Korea's Security," Associated Press, 6 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

7 September 1994
US Secretary of State Warren Christopher assures South Korean Foreign Minister Han Sŭng Ju that there will be no deal with Pyongyang unless Seoul is included in the negotiations. Speaking at the State Department, Christopher says, "We can't finally resolve the nuclear issue unless and until North Korea resumes the substantive dialogue with the Republic of Korea."
—"No North Korean Nuclear Deal without North-South Negotiations," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 7 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Michael R. Gordon, "U.S. Reassures Seoul on Nuclear Arms Talks with North Korea," New York Times, 8 September 1994, p. A6, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

15 September 1994
The United States and North Korea conclude five-day talks in Berlin. During the talks, the two sides discussed issues relating to North Korea's nuclear program including the proposed replacement of North Korea's graphite-moderated reactors with light water reactors. The North Korean representative to the talks, Kim Chong U, says that for Pyongyang to consider such an option, the United States must finance the project and North Korea must be allowed to select the type of replacement reactor. With regard to the 8,000 spent fuel rods currently corroding in a cooling pond, North Korea agrees to store the rods in a dry place where they will not be subject to corrosion but refuses to allow the United States or any other country to assist in the process.
—"U.S., North Korea and Nuclear Talks," United Press International, 15 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; James Sterngold, "Talks Leave North Korea and U.S. Split," New York Times, 15 September 1994, p. A11, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Frank Bajak, "Issues of Who Pays, Who Provides Reactors Linger after Talks," Associated Press, 15 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S. Says No Equipment for North Korea until Full Inspections," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 21 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

20 September 1994
South Korea signs the International Convention on Nuclear Safety at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) general conference. The convention calls for members to submit reports on measures to implement the 16 obligations on their civilian nuclear power plants.
— Gamini Seneviratne, "Safety Convention Draws 38 Signers on First Day It's Open at IAEA," Nucleonics Week, 22 September 1994, p. 13, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "IAEA Saehaeg'anjŏnhyŏb'yak Sŏ'myŏng/Taebuk Sach'al'gyŏlŭian Chech'ul/Mi Dong 52 Kaeguk," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 22 September 1994, p.7, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

22 September 1994
South Korea agrees to participate in an international consortium to replace North Korea's graphite-moderated nuclear reactors with more efficient and proliferation resistant light water reactors.
—"South Korea Ups the Stakes on Eve of Korean Nuclear Talks," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 22 September 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 October 1994
The South Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs calls for North Korea to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in implementing safe guards, and for transparency in their suspected nuclear program at a UN General Assembly meeting. In addition, the Minister states that South Korea is willing to provide technology and economic aid depending on the results of negotiations with the United States.
—"South Korea Says North Must Dispel Nuclear Suspicions," Agence France Presse, 3 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'Haeksach'alhu Kyŏngsuro Chiwŏn'/Han Oemu," Hankook Ilbo, 4 October 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

14 October 1994
South Korea's Ministry of Unification outlines the following five principles for ending the dispute over North Korea's suspected nuclear weapons program: (1) North Korea's nuclear development program must be suspended and frozen; (2) the nuclear question and other issues on the Korean Peninsula must be solved through peaceful means; (3) talks must resume between North and South Korea to implement the Joint Declaration of the Korean Peninsula; (4) North Korea must guarantee nuclear transparency; and (5) South Korea must take a leading role in constructing light water reactors to replace the graphite-moderated reactors in North Korea.
—"South Spells out Its Bottom Line in Accepting a Nuclear Accord," Agence France Presse, 14 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lee Chae Ch'ang, "Chŏngbu, Mibuk Habŭian Suyongk'iro/Taehwat'onghan Hanbando Munjehae'gyŏl Chŏnje," Segye Ilbo, 15 October 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

7 October 1994
South Korean President Kim Young Sam criticizes the United States for compromising in negotiations with North Korea on its suspected nuclear weapons program. President Kim states that the United States is being naïve to believe North Korea will comply with any agreement reached on their suspected nuclear weapons program.
—"South Korean President Assails US Stance in Talks with Pyongyang," Associated Press, 8 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "US Naïve to Trust North Korea: Kim Young-Sam," Agence France Presse, 8 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

12 October 1994
Yonhap News Agency reports that the United States submitted to South Korean officials a draft proposal to end the North Korean nuclear crisis. According to the news report, the US proposal differs from South Korea's in that it allows North Korea to receive two light water reactors prior to international inspections of its nuclear facilities.
—Ivan Zakharchenko, "United States Wants South Korea to Approve Compromise with North Korea," TASS, 12 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "US, N Korea Close to Nuclear Accord, CNN Says," Japan Economic Newswire, 13 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

17 October 1994
Robert Gallucci, chief negotiator for the United States in high-level talks with North Korea, announces that the two sides have reached an agreement concerning North Korea's nuclear program. Gallucci does not mention any details of the agreement but says that "it is a broadly acceptable and very positive document."
—"U.S., DPRK Reach Accord on Nuclear Issues," Xinhua News Agency, 17 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Steven Greenhouse, "U.S. and North Korea Agree to Build on Nuclear Accord," New York Times, 18 October 1994, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S., North Korea Reach Accord on Nuclear Monitoring," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 18 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Mid-October 1994
South Korea and China agree to cooperate in the field of nuclear energy. Under this agreement, South Korea will export nuclear technology and related equipment to China, and will conduct joint research projects and promote exchanges of nuclear scientists. An official signing of the agreement is expected to occur in late October when Premier Li Peng visits South Korea.
— "S. Korea, China Agree to Nuclear Cooperation," Japan Economic Newswire, 19 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Nuclear Issues; China and South Korea Initial Nuclear Cooperation Pact," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 20 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

20 October 1994
South Korean government officials announce the decision to form a committee to manage the construction of light water reactors for North Korea. The committee is to be comprised of officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Economic Planning Board, the Ministry of Unification, and the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The committee's responsibilities include financing for the reactors and managing the formation of an international consortium. According to a South Korean official, the United States, Japan and South Korea will discuss offering two light water reactors to North Korea based on South Korea's Uljin-3 and -4 nuclear power reactors. South Korea is expected to contribute 50-70 percent of the total expenses needed to construct the light water reactors. [Note: In December 1994, the Economic Planning Board became part of the new Ministry of Finance and Economy].
— "S Korea to Set up Committee on Light-Water Reactors," Japan Economic Newswire, 20 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lee To Un, "Chŏngbu, Kyŏngsuro Chiwŏn Kigu Kusŏng/6 Kaebuch'ŏ Ch'amyŏ," Taehan Maeil, 21 October 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

21 October 1994
The United States and North Korea sign the Agreed Framework, an accord that specifies the actions both countries will take to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue. Under the terms of the agreement, a US-led international consortium will help North Korea replace its graphite-moderated reactors with two 1,000MW(e) light water reactors. The international consortium will compensate North Korea for the freeze on its graphite-moderated reactors by supplying 500,000 tons of heavy-fuel oil annually until the new reactors come online. Second, the United States and North Korea will make efforts to normalize their economic and political relations by reducing investment and trade barriers. Third, both countries will strive towards establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone on the Korean peninsula. Finally, North Korea will help strengthen the nonproliferation regime by remaining a member of the NPT. It will also allow the IAEA to implement the safeguards agreement and monitor the freeze on its nuclear facilities. However, the United States makes a concession in allowing North Korea to retain possession of 8,000 spent fuel rods instead of sending them to a third country for storage, a condition on which the United States had earlier insisted.

In 1999, a source close to US-North Korean negotiations over a suspected nuclear facility in Kŭmch'ang-ri reveals that the 1994 agreement contains a supplementary 10-point memorandum of understanding by which North Korea agrees to forego any future construction of graphite-moderated reactors, and agrees that once a significant portion of the two light water reactors are completed, it will allow the IAEA access to any facility and information it deems necessary. In addition, according to Flight International, which later cites a "senior US DIA official," the agreement includes a secret clause that suspends the delivery of 150 North Korean Nodong missiles to Iran. [Note: It is later confirmed that the agreement includes no clause on missile deliveries.]
—"Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 21 October 1994, <http://www.kedo.org/pdfs/ AgreedFramework.pdf>; "Chosŏnminjujuŭiinmin'gonghwa'gukkwa Mihapchungguksaiŭi Kibonhab'ŭimun," 21 October 1994, in "Kongshingmun'gŏn—Charyo," <http://www.kcna.co.jp/index-k.htm>; "Iranian Missile Deal with N Korea Falters," Flight International, 23 October 1996, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; David E. Sanger, "Clinton Approves a Plan to Give Aid to North Koreans," New York Times, 19 October 1994, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Secret Annex to U.S.-North Korea Agreement," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 20 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Michael R. Gordon, "U.S.-North Korea Accord Has a 10-Year Timetable," New York Times, 21 October 1994, p. A8, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Alan Riding, "U.S. and North Korea Sign Pact to End Nuclear Dispute," New York Times, 22 October 1994, P. A5, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "N. Korea's Pledge on Graphite-Moderated Reactors Cited," Japan Economic Newswire, 14 January 1999, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Takashi Uemura, "N. Korea's Concession Revealed," Asahi News Service, 10 May 1999, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

21 October 1994
The United States and South Korea announce the suspension of the annual Team Spirit joint military exercise.
—"S Korea-U.S. 'Team Spirit' Joint Military Drill to Be Suspended," Xinhua News Agency, 21 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Park Chae Pŏm, "Ol T'imhullyŏn Chungdan Hwakchŏng," Taehan Maeil, 22 October 1994, p.6, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

22 October 1994
President Kim Young Sam states that South Korea has no intentions of funding the cost of heavy fuel oil for North Korea. This statement follows President Clinton's speech in which South Korea and Japan are mentioned as nations to "bear most of the cost of providing North Korea with fuel to make up for the nuclear energy it is losing." According to the accord signed by North Korea and the United States, North Korea will receive 500,000 tons of heavy fuel oil per year.
— "S Korea Won't Fund Heavy Oil for N. Korea, Kim Says," Japan Economic Newswire, 22 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Ryu Min, "'Pukchiwŏn Chung'yu'gab Pundam Anhanda'/Ch'ŏngwadae/'Clinton Parŏnŭn Sashilgwa Talla'," Taehan Maeil, 23 October 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

27 October 1994
South Korea's Minister of Foreign Affairs announces that the international consortium to provide North Korea with alternative sources of energy will need $4.5 billion. This includes the construction of two light water reactors, alternative sources of energy during construction of the power reactors, and dismantlement of the two graphite reactors. South Korea agrees to bear 65 percent of the cost.
—"South Korea to Pay Half Cost for Converting North's Reactors," Associated Press Worldstream, 27 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lee Sŭng Ch'ŏl, "Kyŏngsuro 65% Sŏn Pudam/Han Oemu," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 28 October 1994, p.1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

29 October 1994
South Korean officials announce the discovery of a vein of uranium close to the demilitarized zone. The discovery was made by army troops undergoing a routine military exercise in early October. Tests are being done on the uranium to measure its degree of purity.
—"Uranium Vein Discovered Near Korean Demilitarized Zone: Military," Agence France Presse, 29 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Hwach'ŏn Pimujangjidae/Uranium Gwangmaek Palgyŏn," Donga Ilbo, 29 October 1994, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

31 October 1994
South Korea and China sign a cooperation agreement on the peaceful use of nuclear energy, as well as a provisional agreement on direct air service between the two countries and a memorandum on the joint development of civilian aircraft.
—Simon Rippon, "China-South Korea Sign Accord on Aviation, Nuclear," Nuclear News, December 1994, p. 40, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "China, ROK Sign Accords on Cooperation," Xinhua News Agency, 31 October 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

November 1994
Specialists from the United States, Japan, and South Korea meet to discuss the details of the project to supply North Korea with two light water reactors. South Korea proposes the Uljin-3 and -4 reactors as reference designs.
—"Getting Down to Business on LWR Supply Details," Nuclear News, January 1995, p. 46; Lee Pyŏng Kwang, "(Habŭiiheang) Sunhangyŏbu Kanŭmja/Puk Mi Kyŏngsurochŏnmun'gahoeŭi Chŏnmang," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 1 December 1994, p. 4, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

3 November 1994
South Korea's Minister of Unification proposes a joint nuclear consultative body to be formed with North Korea. According to the minister, the purpose of this consultative body is to follow up on the provisions of the Agreed Framework, and to share information between the two Koreas.
—"South Korea Proposes Inter-Korean Nuclear Consultative Body," Agence France Presse, 3 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "'Nambukhan Energy Hyŏbŭich'e Kusŏng Haeya'/I' Puch'ongni," Teahan Maeil, 4 November 1994, p.5, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

18 November 1994
The United States, Japan, and South Korea agree that South Korea will play a "central role" in financing and constructing light water reactors for North Korea. In addition, the South Korean press reports that a Korean company will be chosen as the main contractor, which is expected to be Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).
—"S Korean Firm to be Picked as Main Contractor," Japan Economic Newswire, 19 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "S Korea to Play Key Role in N Korea Nuclear Project," Japan Economic Newswire, 19 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

19 November 1994
The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) and Atomic Energy of Canada (AECL) conclude an agreement to provide technical support for nuclear power projects in other countries.
— Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza
/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_07_03.html>; David Crane, "Canada's Know-How Fuels Korean Surge," The Toronto Star, 29 December 1994, p. C1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

25 November 1994
South Korea, Japan, and the United States agree to have the international consortium Korean Energy Development Organization (KEDO) select the main contractor for the construction of two light water reactors for North Korea. This decision is made to prevent North Korea from trying to select the contractor.
—"Consortium to Chose Contractor for N Korean Reactors," Japan Economic Newswire, 25 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Kyŏngsuro Chukyeyakcha/KEDO Sŏ Sŏnjŏng/Hanoemu 'Han Mi Ilhabŭi' Palghyŏ," Hankook Ilbo, 26 November 1994, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

29 November 1994
South Korea's cabinet decides to establish the Light Water Reactor Team to oversee the light water reactor project. The team, which is expected to be composed of about 50 bureaucrats and specialists, will be responsible for providing assistance in policymaking and technical assistance in the construction of the light water reactors.
—"'Kyongsurogihoektan' Sol'ch'i Uigyol/Kagui/Seoul, 3 Kae Kwang'yoksi Kyyok Chojongdo," Kukmin Ilbo, 29 November 1994, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.krlgt;; "S Korea NUB to Form Light-Water Reactor Planning Group," Japan Economic Newswire, 29 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

30 November 1994
During an expert-level meeting between North Korea and the United States, North Korea rejects the South Korean standard model of light water reactors citing safety concerns. According to North Korea, the South Korean standard model has never been exported and has not undergone international safety verification measures. In addition, North Korea argues that it has the right to select the contractors and to put the construction of the two light water reactors up for international bidding. The United States tells North Korea that the international consortium consisting of South Korea, Japan, and the United States has already decided upon the South Korean standard model and that this consortium holds the right to choose the construction contractors.
—Kim Ch'ung Kŭn, "Puk Han'gukhyŏnggyŏngsuro Kŏbu/Pukkyŏngjŏnmun'gahoedam/'Ŏpch'esŏnjŏnggwŏn Talla' Chujang," Donga Ilbo, 1 December 1994, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; South Korea News Agency, 30 November 1994, in "The Nuclear Issue' Reactor Talks in Beihing: North Opposes South's Type," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 2 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "N. Korea Continues to Reject S. Korean Reactor," Japan Economic Newswire, 30 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

30 November 1994
An international consortium to oversee the construction of two light water reactors for North Korea will consists of the United States, Japan, and South Korea. This consortium will be named the Korea Energy Development Organization (KEDO) and will be established in January 1995. Russia, China, and other European Union nations were asked to join the consortium, but none of them have provided an official statement of interest or intent to join.
—"'Han Mi Il 3 Kungman KEDO Kusŏng Hwakshil'/Ilgyodot'ongshin Podo," Hankook Ilbo, 1 December 1994, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Reactor Consortium to Group Japan, US, S. Korea," Japan Economic Newswire, 30 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Late 1994
Cegelec, a unit of the French electrical engineering company Alcatel-Alsthom, announces an order from South Korea to supply two turn-key nuclear power plants in Wŏlsŏng, North Kyŏngsang Province.
—"Alcatel-Alsthom Unit Cegelec Wins 100Mln Ffr South Korean Order," AFX News, 3 November 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

December 1994
British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) signs a contract with Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) to supply uranium hexafluoride. Deliveries of uranium hexafluoride are to start in 1996.
—Pearl Marshall, "BNFL Signs UF6 Contract with KEPCO," Nuclear Fuel, 5 December 1994, p. 13, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>.

Early December 1994
South Korea's Honam Oil Refinery Corporation wins a bid from the US government to supply North Korea's power plants with heavy fuel oil. Under the contract, Honam will provide 50,000 tons of oil during the month of December.
—"South Korea's Honam Oil Refinery Co Wins North Korean Oil Tender," AFX News, 7 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

6 December 1994
The former chairman of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is sentenced to three years in prison for receiving $1.1 million in bribes from the Daewoo Group, Dong Ah Group, and Samsung Construction Corporation for a $2 billion nuclear power project.
—"Former Utility Firm Head Found Guilty of Receiving Bribes," Associated Press Worldstream, 6 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Anbyŏnghwa Chŏnhanjŏnsajang/Chingyŏk 3 Nyŏn Sŏn'go," Taehan Maeil, 7 December 1994, p.23, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

13 December 1994
South Korea and China sign a formal protocol on the cooperation of nuclear safety. According to the protocol, South Korea and China will cooperate in monitoring radioactive emissions, exchange information and experts on nuclear safety and regulations, and carry out joint research. In addition, the two countries agree to establish an emergency system to notify one another of nuclear accidents.
—South Korean News Agency, 13 December 1994, in "South Korea and China Sign Protocol on Nuclear Safety Cooperation," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 14 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Cho Hong Sŏp, "Hanjung Wŏnjaryŏkŭichŏngsŏ Sŏmyŏng," Hankyoreh Shinmum, 14 December 1994, p.2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

16 December 1994
The United States, Japan, and South Korea agree to form a consortium tasked with financing and constructing two light water nuclear reactors promised to North Korea in the Agreed Framework. The consortium is named the Korean Energy Development Organizations (KEDO) and will be based in New York.
—"US, Japanese, Korean Representatives Meet on Implementing US-N Korean Pact," Agence France Presse, 16 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Consortium Formed for North Korean Nuclear Reactor Project," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 17 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

22 December 1994
South Korean officials announce Kurŏp Island as its new nuclear waste dump site. The storage facility to be constructed will have the capacity to hold one million drums of nuclear waste and is expected to be completed in six to seven years.
—"South Korea Chooses Tiny Island to Dump Nuclear Wastes," Associated Press, 22 December 1994, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kim Hak Chun, "Kurŏpto/ Ch'oech'imdan Wŏnjaryŏktanjiro Kakkunda/Chŏngbuŭi Haekp'yegimul Ch'ŏpunjang Ch'ŏngsachin," Taehan Maeil, 23 December 1994, p.5, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

30 December 1994
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) signs a $350,000 contract with the Turkish Electricity Authority to evaluate bids from international vendors for the construction of Turkey's first nuclear power plant. In addition, KAERI will establish a consortium of Korean and Turkish engineers to provide technical support.
— "Late News in Brief," Nuclear News, February 1995, p. 18, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

	Updated September 2004