Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation.

1998
South Korea performs inspections at thirteen nuclear facilities. The facilities include six pressurized water reactors (PWRs), two CANDUs, one research reactor, two fuel fabrication plants, and two hot cells. During the first half of the year, priority is given to the fuel transfer at the Wŏlsŏng-1 reactor that takes three months. During the three months, national inspectors stay at the site and verify that the transfer of spent fuel is performed according to safeguard procedures. In addition, TRIGA spent fuel which was stored in TRIGA II, III, and the Hi-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO) are transferred to the US. During the third quarter of national inspections, a physical inventory verification of the Korea Nuclear Fuel Company (KNFC) is performed. Physical inventory verifications are performed at Kori-4, Ulchin-1 and 3, and Yŏnggwang-4 nuclear power reactors, and new safeguard equipment is installed in the hot cells to monitor nuclear material transfers. During the fourth quarter of inspections, IAEA safeguard equipment is installed at Wŏlsŏng-4 and a new surveillance system with remote monitoring capability is installed at Yŏnggwang-3 and Ulchin-4 nuclear power reactors.
—"1st Half of 1998 National Inspections Competed," TCNC Newsletter, July/August 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr>; "3rd Quarter of 1998 National Inspections Completed," TCNC Newsletter, September/October 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>; "1998 4th Quarter National Inspections," TCNC Newsletter, November/December 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr
/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

January 1998
The Korea Power Engineering Company (KOPEC), a subsidiary of the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) informs foreign companies that South Korea will base its future nuclear power reactors on the pressurized water reactor (PWR) rather than the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) design. However, officials from PWR manufacturer Asea Brown Boveri-Combustion Engineering (ABB-CE) state that they have not been informed of this decision. South Korean officials have postponed investing in four new nuclear power reactors since 1997, but are expected to award contracts for them in the spring. —"Korea Said Ready to End PHWR Line, Make ABB PWR Standard for Future," Nucleonics Week, 1 January 1998, p. 1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

6 January 1998
The Ulchin-3 nuclear power reactor is connected to the power grid and begins generating electricity. Ulchin-3 is a 1,000MW(e) pressurized water reactor and is the first Korean standard nuclear power generation facility in Ulchin.
—Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>; "1st Korean Standard Nuclear Plant Launched," Korea Times, 7 January 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Ulchin-3 Connected to Grid Ahead of Schedule," Nuclear News, February 1998, p. 60, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

February 1998
The Technology Center for Nuclear Control of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute receives 80 grams of standard uranium metal from IRMM of Belgium (Institute for Reference Materials & Measurements). The uranium metal will be used as a quantification standard for the chemical analysis of fuel fabrication samples taken during national inspections.
—"Standard U Metal Received," TCNC Newsletter, March/April 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

Early February 1998
Korea Power Engineering Company (KOPEC) officials deny informing foreign companies of South Korea's decision to use the PWR rather than the PHWR reactor design. The Korea Atomic Industrial Forum (KAIF) states that KEPCO and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy (MOCIE) will announce the contractors for the four nuclear power plants in Ponggil at the end of February. The contracts were originally to be awarded in 1997 but were delayed due to Korea's financial crisis. [Note: In 1993, the Ministry of Energy and Resources and the Ministry of Commerce were merged and became the Ministry of Trade and Industry. In 1998, when the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Ministry of Trade and Industry changed its name to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy.]
—Mark Hibbs, "AECL Says It's Still in Running for PWR Contracts at Bonggil," Nucleonics Week, 12 February 1998, p. 1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

2 February 1998
Yonhap News Agency quotes a senior official in President-Elect Kim Dae Jung's transition team as saying that South Korea's financial burden for the KEDO light water reactor project must be reduced from 70 percent of the total cost to 60 percent. According to the official, the presidential transition team has demanded the government to strongly urge the United States to share the rest of the financial burden for the light water reactor project. However, according to Munhwa Ilbo, a government official says that the South Korean government has officially informed the United States and Japan that Seoul cannot share "more than two thirds" of the total cost due to South Korea's financial crisis.
—Yonhap News Agency, 2 February 1998, in "Transition Team Requests Smaller Share in DPRK Reactor," FBIS Document FTS 19980201000617, 1 February 1998; Han Chong Ho, "'Kyŏngsurobiyong 70% Isang Pudam Pulga'/Chŏngbu, Miil'e T'ongbo," Munhwa Ilbo, 2 February 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

5 February 1998
US State Department spokesman James Rubin announces in his daily briefing that the United States will not share the cost of constructing two light water reactor in [Kŭmho-chigu], Shinp'o. Rubin claims that despite the recent economic crisis in South Korea, it remains the world's 11th largest economy and is capable of financing a majority of the $5.17 billion project. [Note: In 1995, South Korea agreed to finance a majority of the light water reactor construction in return for playing a central role in the project. However, the 1997-1998 financial crisis and the subsequent IMF bailout have led Seoul to ask for larger contributions from the United States and Japan.]
—Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 1998, in "US Government Will Not Share Light-Water Reactor Construction Cost, Says Official," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 7 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Park In Kyu, "Mi 'Kyŏngsurogongsabi Pundam Mothanda'," Kyunghyang Shinmun, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

5-6 February 1998
KEDO's Executive Board meets in New York to discuss cost-sharing for the estimated $5.17 billion light water reactor project. During the talks, South Korea informs the United States, Japanese and European officials that Seoul will not be able to pay any costs for the light water reactor project within the next few years due to the Asian financial crisis. However, South Korean KEDO officials announce that it will pay two thirds of the total cost as the economy recovers from the financial crisis and will fulfill a major role in the light water reactor construction. According to one member of the South Korean delegation, "We are asking as a matter of principle the United States and Japan to take the burden off South Korea." In a statement issued at the conclusion of the two-day meeting, KEDO says the talks were "productive, and are part of an ongoing process that will continue." However, board members fail to resolve the issue of cost-sharing.
—"South Korea Asks U.S., Japan to Pay More for Nuclear Reactors," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 5 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "KEDO Partners Hold 'Productive' Talks on Cost-Sharing," Agence France Presse, 6 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "KEDO Partners Discuss Cost-Sharing," Agence France Presse, 5 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S. Denies Reports Seoul Wants Relief on Cost of N. Korean Reactor," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 5 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kuk Ki Yŏn, "Puk Kyŏngsuro Chŏnmyŏn Yubo/Chŏngbu '2-3 Nyŏn'gan Mot Naenda' Miil'e T'ongbo," Segye Ilbo, 7 February 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

15-17 February 1998
The US and South Korea hold working-level talks in Hawaii on issues related to the Korean Peninsula. The delegations are headed by Charles Kartman, US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Pacific Affairs, and Song Yŏng Shik, South Korean Assistant Foreign Minister. The two sides discuss food aid to North Korea, progress on the KEDO light water reactor project, and the second round of the four-party talks scheduled for mid-March. Kartman reportedly informs Song that the United States is prepared to lift economic sanctions against North Korea if the four-party talks produce results.
—Yonhap News Agency, 15 February 1998, in "South and US Officials Discuss Four-Party Peace Conference," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 17 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lim Yun Suk, "US Considers Lifting Economic Sanctions on N. Korea," Agence France Presse, 20 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Isan'gajok Sangbong Nonŭi/Nambuk Taehwach'aenŏl Cheŭi/Chŏngbu, Naedal 4 Chahwoedamsŏ," Joongang Ilbo, 21 February 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

16 February 1998
The Chosun Ilbo reports that the United States has informed South Korea that it will help fund the construction of the light water reactors in [Kŭmho-chigu], Shinp'o. According to the report, South Korea expects the United States to contribute up to $400 million to the project.
—Chu Yong Chung, "Taebuk Kyŏngsuro Piyong Mi 3-4 Ŏkpul Pundam," Chosun Ilbo, 16 February 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>; Chosun Ilbo, 16 February 1998, p. 1, in "Seoul Daily Says USA Willing to Help with Cost of North Reactors," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 17 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

25 February 1998
Kim Dae Jung is sworn in as South Korea's president. Immediately following his inauguration, Kim calls for an exchange of envoys and a summit with North Korea. Commenting on the 1991 Basic Agreement between the two Koreas that calls for cooperation and nonaggression, Kim says, "If we only carry out these agreements faithfully, we can successfully resolve inter-Korean problems and move forward on a broad path toward unification." Kim also reaffirms South Korea's commitment to the KEDO light water reactor project.
—Lim Yun Suk, "South Korea Proposes Exchange of Special Envoys, Summit with the North," Agence France Presse, 25 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yun Sŏk In and Sŏng Han Yong, "Kim Dae Jung 15 Tae Taet'ongnyŏng Ch'wiim...'Kungminjŏngbu' Sŏnŏn," Hangyoreh Shinmun, 26 February 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>; "Kim Dae Jung Taet'ongnyŏng Ch'wiimsa Chŏnmun," Kyunhyang Shinmun, p. 6, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

26 February 1998
The South Korean sea vessel Taewŏngatamaran-ho, transports 19 technicians and 10 tons of supplies to the light water construction site in [Kŭmho-chigu], Shinp'o. [Note: Taewŏngatamaran-ho is the first ship to travel on a temporary shipping route directly connecting North and South Korea.]
—"Inter-Korean Passenger Ferry Makes First Run from South to North," Agence France Presse, 26 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency, 25 February 1998, in "South-North Shipping Route to Transport Material for Reactor Project," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 26 February 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Pak Yong Ch'ae, "Pundanhu Ch'ŏt Yŏ'gaeksŏn Nambuk Chikhaeng/KEDO Kisulchadŭl Susong," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 25 February 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

28 February 1998
The South Korean government is restructured under a new government organization law. Under the new law, the Atomic Energy Office of the Ministry of Science and Technology is reorganized into six divisions. Safeguard related activities are divided into the Nuclear Control and Inspection Division (NCID) and the Atomic Energy Cooperation Division (AECD). The former Nuclear Control Division is merged with the former Nuclear Inspection Division to create the Nuclear Control & Inspection Division (NCID). The NCID is responsible for conducting all domestic safety and safeguard inspections as well as nuclear export/import control and physical protection of nuclear materials.
—"Domestic & International Safeguards Realigned," TCNC Newsletter, March/April 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

Early March 1998
Officials from Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL) state that South Korea's decision to announce the winner of the Ponggil nuclear reactor project may take up to one year. In addition, AECL officials note that they have not heard any reports to confirm rumors that the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) will no longer build pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs).
—Ann MacLachlan, "Bonggil Decision May be Delayed up to a Year, AECL Executives Say," Nucleonics Week, 5 March 1998, p. 3, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

March 1998
The Ministry of Science and Technology with the assistance of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute's Technology Center for Nuclear Control (TCNC) conduct national inspections on six light water reactors. The six light water reactors include Yŏnggwang-1 and -4, Kori-1 and -4, and Ulchin-1 and -2. During the inspections, the Trovan seals are used for the first time on equipment hatches, canal gates, and missile shields.
— "National Inspections on LWRs-National Seals Attached," TCNC Newsletter, March/April 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

2 March 1998
Stephen Bosworth, US ambassador to South Korea and former executive director of KEDO, says that the United States is prepared to help South Korea pay for the construction of two light water reactors in North Korea. Referring to Washington's previous stance that it was only responsible for funding the annual heavy fuel oil deliveries, Bosworth says, "Maybe it's time to stop thinking separately about the light water reactors and heavy fuel oil." Bosworth suggests that in order to temporarily relieve the burden on South Korea, "the United States and Japan can pay more early on and Korea can pay later on." However, Bosworth believes that the economic situation in South Korea will soon improve, and stresses that any cost-sharing would be temporary.
—"US to Temporarily Cut S. Korean Nuclear Reactor Payments," Asia Pulse, 3 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 March 1998
The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) announces it has shut down 52 power plants. In addition, KEPCO is preparing to shut down Yŏnggwang-1, Wŏlsŏng-1 and Kori-2 nuclear power reactors. The shut downs are a result of decreased energy demand by 2.1 percent of total output.
—"Lower Demand Shuts Down 52 Power Plants in S. Korea," Asia Pulse, 4 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kang Ho Shik, "Chŏn'guk 52 Kae Paljŏnso 'Stop'/Chŏn'gisobi Chunt'at...90 Man KW Saengsanjungdan," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 4 March 1998, p. 9, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

7 March 1998
South Korea decides to allow Japan and the United States to provide additional labor and materials for the KEDO light water reactor project in exchange for funding a larger portion of the construction cost. The South Korean government makes the decision at the first meeting of ministers responsible for security and unification under Kim Dae Jung's government.
—"S. Korea to Provide In-Kind Help in KEDO Reactors," Japan Economic Newswire, 7 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

9 March 1998
The Chosun Ilbo reports that KEDO has accumulated a $47 million debt in its three years of activity.
—Park Tu Shik, "Pittŏmi KEDO/Pak Tu Shik Washington T'ŭkp'awŏn (Kijasuch'ŏp)," Chosun Ilbo, 9 March 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr> Chosun Ilbo, 8 March 1998, in "South Korea Daily Reports US Troubles with Growing Energy Project Debt," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

19-20 March 1998
The KEDO Executive Board meets in New York to discuss sharing the construction costs for the light water reactor project. The board fails to reach an agreement on how much each country will contribute, but according to Chang Sŏn Sŏp, director of South Korea's Office of Planning for the Light-Water Reactor Project, all board members "concurred that reactor construction should not be halted under any circumstances."
—"KEDO to Have Talks in N.Y. March 19-20," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 12 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "S. Korea, Japan, US Undecided on Cost Sharing for N. Korea's Reactors," Agence France Presse, 25 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency, 25 March 1998, in "No Agreement on Cast Sharing of North Korean Reactor Construction," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 26 March 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lee Kŏn Yŏng, "Kyŏngsuro Piyong Pundam Non'ŭi/KEDO Isahoe Kaech'oe," Taehan Maeil, 20 March 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

21 March 1998
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) announces it has received a license from the US to develop a new technology that could preserve the outer wall of a nuclear power reactor in the case of an accident. According to researchers, the new technology would preserve the nuclear reactor's vessel by cooling it with water if an accident in which the reactor's core melts.
—Chŏn Hang Su, "Wŏnjŏnp'ihae Ch'oesohwa Tokchagisullo T'ŭkhyŏ/Wŏjaro Oebyŏk Naen'gakpŏp," Kukmin Ilbo, 21 March 1998, p. 11, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

25 March 1998
The Wŏlsŏng-3 nuclear power reactor begins trial operations and the generation of electricity. Wŏlsŏng-3 is a 700MW(e) pressurized heavy water reactor, and is expected to begin commercial operation in late June 1998.
—Ministry of Science and Technology, <http://www.most.go.kr/index_e.html>; Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>; "Business Briefs; Wolsong Reactor No. 3 Put Into Operation," Korea Herald, 26 March 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

April 1998
The Institute for Advanced Engineering develops a three-dimensional integrated design system. This new system uses computers to facilitate the construction of CANDU reactors. According to the Institute of Advanced Engineering, the three-dimensional integrated system is being used for the construction of the Wŏlsŏng-3 and -4 nuclear power reactors.
—"Wŏnjaro Shigong Kyŏlham Computer Ro Haegyŏl," Kukmin Ilbo, 10 April 1998, p. 13, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

1 April 1998
The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) signs a contract with China's Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Company (TQNPC) to provide training at the Wŏlsŏng -3 and -4 nuclear power reactor sites from May 1998 to June 1999. According to the contract, approximately 60 personnel from TQNPC will receive simulator and commissioning field training.
— Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza
/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>; "China/Korea," Nucleonics Week, 30 April 1998, p. 14, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Park Hŭi Sun, "Hanjŏn Chung Chinsanwŏnjŏn Chig'wŏnhullyŏn Kyeyak," Taehan Maeil, 3 April 1998, p. 7, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

6 April 1998
The first national inspection begins to verify the transfer of spent fuel from Wŏlsŏng-1 nuclear power reactor. The process of transferring the spent fuel bundles into long-term storage and the verification measures will take twelve weeks.
—"Fuel Transfer Campaign Verification at Wolsong Unit 1," TCNC Newsletter, May/June 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr/
Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

8 April 1998
US Undersecretary of State Thomas Pickering meets with Park Chŏng Su, South Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and Im Tong Wŏn, South Korean Senior Presidential Secretary for Foreign Affairs and Security. Pickering requests that South Korea help fund the annual heavy fuel oil shipments to North Korea, Park and Im reportedly inform Pickering that it would be difficult to convince the National Assembly to accept the additional financial burden given the current economic crisis in South Korea. [Note: The US had originally agreed to completely fund the 500,000 tons/year of oil to North Korea until the completion of two light water reactors. However, following Congress's refusal to allocate the necessary funds, the United States has asked South Korea and Japan to share approximately $20 million/year of the costs.]
—Chosun Ilbo, 8 April 1998, in "South Korea-USA 'Discord' over Cost of North's Heavy Oil," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 April 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kong Yŏng Un, "Mi, Kyŏngsurobi 70% Han'guk Pudam Konggae Yogu/Panghan Pickering Kungmu Ch'agwan," Munhwa Ilbo, 9 April 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

Mid April 1998
The South Korean government and industry officials announce that South Korea will no longer order pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) from Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL).
—Mark Hibbs, "Crises Deepens Korean Resolve to Base Future on 1,300-MW PWR," Nucleonics Week, 23 April 1998, p. 16, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

11 April 1998
North and South Korea hold high-level talks in Beijing, and the South promises to follow through with its pledge to finance the construction of two light water reactors in [Kŭmho-chigu], Shinp'o, North Korea. [Note: The Beijing talks are the first high-level consultations between the two Koreas in over four years.]
—Andrew Browne, "Move to Reunite Millions; Two Koreas Take Tentative Steps towards Reconciliation at Their First High-Level Talks in Four Years," The Guardian (London), 13 April 1998, p. 12, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

13 April 1998
The head of South Korea's Planning and Budget Commission announces that five to six government-owned companies will be up for sale in the international market by late 1998. The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is one of the companies that may be included in the list of companies for sale.
—"Up To 6 Companies to Be Privatized," Chosun Ilbo, 13 April 1998, <http://english.chosun.com/>.

14 April 1998
An opening ceremony is held for the Nuclear Performance Control Center at the Electrical Engineering and Science Research Institute. The Nuclear Performance Control Center is headed by a professor from Seoul National University, and was established by a group of university professors in the field of nuclear energy and civil engineering. The four major research goals of the Center are: prevention of incidents at nuclear power facilities, nationalization and performance verification of equipment, management and extension of the nuclear lifespan, and nuclear performance and assessment training.
—Wonjaryok Sanop, April 1998, p. 77, in "Nuclear Performance Control Center Opens," FBIS Document ID: FTS19981118000897.

15 April 1998
South Korea's Planning and Budget Commission instructs all government agencies to submit a plan to privatize public companies. The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is one of the thirteen public companies subject to privatization.
—"Most of 155 Public Corporations to Be Sold Off," Korea Times, 17 April 1998, p.8, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

23 April 1998
The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) celebrates the 20th anniversary of nuclear power in South Korea. South Korea established its first nuclear power plant in 1978 with Kori-1, and currently has twelve reactors operating across the country.
— Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza
/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>; "Nuclear Power Generation Marks 20th Anniversary," Korea Times, 24 April 1998, p.8, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

May 1998
The United States, Japan, and South Korea hold informal talks aimed at reducing the cost of the KEDO light water reactor project. Japan proposes that the overall budget be reduced from $5.18 billion to $4.5 billion.
—"Japan Urges S. Korea to Cut Plant Cost," Nikkei Weekly, 18 May 1998, p. 4, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

1 May 1998
US Secretary of State Madeline Albright meets with South Korean officials to discuss funding for the KEDO light water reactor project. An official from South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade announces that Albright "said that her government will consider contributing to the construction of the light water reactors if South Korea pays for the purchase of the heavy fuel oil." Albright reportedly says that the United States will donate $55 million for safety equipment if South Korea assists with the oil deliveries. However, according to the official, Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister Park Chŏng Su informs Albright that Seoul has no intention of funding the oil shipments. Despite recent difficulties in funding the KEDO project, Albright stresses that the United States will not abandon its commitments under the 1994 Agreed Framework.
—Yonhap News Agency, 1 May 1998, in "Koreas: US to Contribute to Reactors of South Provides Heavy Fuel Oil," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 1 May 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Barry Schweid, "Albright Vows to Maintain Accord with North Korea," Associated Press, 1 May 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Differences over Cost-Sharing for N. Korea Nuclear Reactors Narrowed," Agence France Presse, 5 may 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency, 19 June 1998, in "South Korea Seeks US, Japan Talks on North Reactor Funding," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 19 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

4 May 1998
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy announces that the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) will no longer have a monopoly on the energy sector. Under a revised Electricity Business Law, to be submitted to the National Assembly in June, private companies will be able to sell electricity starting in early 1999. [Note: In 1993, the Ministry of Energy and Resources and the Ministry of Commerce were merged and became the Ministry of Trade and Industry. In 1998, when the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Ministry of Trade and Industry changed its name to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy.]
—"Private Firms to Sell Electricity From '99," Korea Times, 5 May 1998, p.8, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Cho Sŏng Kuk, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp P'anmaebumundo Min'gan Ch'amyŏ," Kukmin Ilbo, 4 May 1998, p. 6, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

4 May 1998
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) announces plans to designate and construct a nuclear waste facility. According to MOCIE and the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), the plan will be implemented as early as January 1999. The construction of a nuclear waste facility is expected to cost approximately 1 trillion won (including compensation for local residents) and will have the capacity to store 800,000 barrels of spent fuel. [Note: In 1993, the Ministry of Energy and Resources and the Ministry of Commerce were merged and became the Ministry of Trade and Industry. In 1998, when the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Ministry of Trade and Industry changed its name to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy.]
—"Site for N-Waste Disposal to be Chosen," Korea Times, 5 May 1998, p. 8, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Cho Sŏng Kuk, "Pangsasŏng P'yegimul Chich'im Bbarŭmyŏn Naedalchung Hwakchŏng," Kumin Ilbo, 4 May 1998, p. 7, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

9 May 1998
President Kim Dae Jung appoints Chang Yŏng Shik as the new president of the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).
— Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>.

12 May 1998
US State Department Spokesman James Rubin announces that the United States, Japan and South Korea have thus far failed to rectify problems in funding and cost-sharing for the KEDO light water reactor project.
—Yonhap News Agency, 12 May 1998, in "USA Said to Admit Differences on Financing Reactor, Heavy Fuel Oil for North Korea," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 12 May 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kuk Ki Yŏn, "Kyŏngsuro Piyongbundam/Tangsaguk Igyŏn Yŏjŏn/ Mi Kungmubu," Segye Ilbo, 13 May 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

20 May 1998
A KEDO official announces that the two light water reactors being constructed in North Korea will not be completed by the original target date of 2003.
—"Light-Water Reactors for N. Korea to Miss 2003 Deadline," Japan Economic Newswire, 21 May 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

23 May 1998
South Korea's Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister Park Chŏng Su announces that Seoul is exploring ways to reduce the cost of the KEDO light water reactor project.
—"S. Korean Govt Trying to Cut Costs of Light-Water Reactors," Daily Yomiuri, 24 May 1998, p. 3, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Mid 1998
A Nucleonics Week report states that the US does not favor the purchase of the Canadian CANDU by South Korea. According to the report, sources from South Korea stated in May 1998 that the US might favor Canadian reactors because it would further justify the need to establish the DUPIC (Direct Use of Spent Fuel in CANDU Reactors) fuel cycle. However, US officials deny that they support the DUPIC program and that "no one is interested in DUPIC at a high level of policy."
—Mark Hibbs, "US Won't Favor Candu Purchase by Korea to Deter Reprocessing," Nucleonics Week, 4 June 1998, p. 8, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

1 June 1998
South Korean President Kim Dae Jung calls on the United States to end economic sanctions against North Korea. In an interview conducted in Seoul, Kim says that in his upcoming visit to Washington he will urge President Clinton and Congress to end sanctions in order to ease tension on the Korean Peninsula. [Note: North Korea has threatened to abandon the 1994 Agreed Framework and restart its nuclear program if the United States does not lift economic sanctions.]
—Nicholas D. Kristof, "Seoul Leader Asks End to Sanctions on North Koreans," New York Times, 2 June 1998, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Chŏng Ŭi Kil, "Kim Tae't'ongnyŏn Mi Pangbukddae/Puk Chejae Haeje Ch'okkuhalkŏt," Hankyoreh Shinmun, 3 June 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

1-2 June 1998
KEDO's Executive Board meets in New York to discuss cost-sharing for reactor construction and heavy fuel oil deliveries. The executive board, comprised of the United States, Japan, South Korea, and the EU, also discuss ways to reduce the cost of the $5.18 billion project. Japan reportedly proposes a new cost estimate that would reduce the total cost by $500 million. Executive board members fail to reach an agreement on cost-sharing and new cost estimates, but they agree to continue talks in Brussels during 29-30 June.
—Akinori Uchida, "N. Korea Reactor Cost May Be Cut 500 Mil. Dollars," Daily Yomiuri, 1 June 1998, p. 2, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Robert Reid, "Korea Board Agrees to Talk More About Nuclear Program for North," Associated Press, 2 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "KEDO Fails to Work Out Cost-Sharing Accord," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 3 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lee Ch'ŏl Min, "Taebuk Kyŏngsuro Saŏppi Pundam Hyŏbŭi/KEDO Chiphaeng'isahoe," Chosun Ilbo, 6 June 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

3 June 1998
During the 15th meeting of the Korea-Canada Joint Committee on Nuclear Energy, both countries agree to increase cooperation in developing peaceful uses of nuclear energy. In addition, the two countries agree to participate in joint projects to develop nuclear power plants in third countries.
—"Seoul, Ottawa to Discuss Joint Marketing of Nuke Energy," Asia Pulse, 1 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; The Embassy of the Republic of Korea, Ottawa, Canada, "News on Korea," 3 June 1998, <http://www.emb-korea.ottawa.on.ca/right/news/news/June1998.htm>; Son Key Young, "Korea, Canada Open Nuke Energy Committee," Korea Times, 2 June 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

8 June 1998
Lee Chong Ch'an, director of South Korea's National Security Planning Agency, says, "At this moment, we have not found any signs that North Korea has reneged on the nuclear agreement with the United States and is actively trying to resume its nuclear weapons program."
—"S. Korea Spy Chief Says North Not Developing Nukes," Japan Economic Newswire, 8 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Choe Pyŏng Muk, "Lee Chong Ch'an An'gibujang Kwanhan't'oron," Chosun Ilbo, 9 June 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

9 June 1998
Speaking at a joint press conference with US President Bill Clinton in Washington, South Korean President Kim Dae Jung says, "We have nothing to fear from North Korea." [Note: Kim, on a nine-day diplomatic trip to the United States, has encouraged the United States to lift economic sanctions against North Korea in order to ease tension on the Korean Peninsula and pave the way for a lasting peace between the two Koreas.]
—Sarah Jackson-Han, "US Vows More Help for South Korea, Under Right Conditions," Agence France Presse, 10 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "U.S., South Korea to Work Together on North Korea," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 9 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Betsy Pisik, "Kim Proposes an Approach to North Korea," Washington Times, 9 June 1998, p. A15, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

10 June 1998
US Secretary of State Madeline Albright and South Korean Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister Park Chŏng Su meet in Washington to discuss various bilateral issues. Albright and Park agree to hold working-level talks in July on easing economic sanctions against North Korea.
—Yonhap News Agency, 11 June 1998, in "South Korea, USA to Hold July Talks on Lifting North Sanctions," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Ben Barber, "N. Korea Sanctions Likely to Be Eased; South's President Sways U.S. Policy," Washington Times, 12 June 1998, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Hanmi 'Taebukchejae Tan'gyewanhwa Kŏm't'o'/Yangguk Woemu '7 Wŏljung Shilmuhyŏbŭi'," Hankook Ilbo, 12 June 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

19 June 1998
The replacement work begins for the Kori-1 nuclear power reactor's steam generators. Korea Heavy Industries and Construction Company (Hanjung) and Westinghouse provide the fabrication design and Bechtel and Hyundai do the construction work for the new steam generators. The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) decided to replace the generators to increase the plants reliability in the long-term. The major construction work for the replacement is expected to be completed by the end of July 1998.
—"The First Steam Generator Replacement Began at Kori Nuclear Unit 1," Biannual Review Second Half, 1998, Korea Electric Power Corporation, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza/f/f4/html/f4_01_02.html>.

22-26 June 1998
The 19th annual US-ROK Joint Standing Committee on Nuclear Energy Cooperation is held in Seoul. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss US-ROK bilateral cooperation, the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and nuclear safeguards.
—"19th JSCNEC Participated," TCNC Newsletter, July/August 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

22 June 1998
A North Korean submarine is captured by South Korea 11.5 miles off the South Korean port city of Sokch'o. The 70-ton submarine is detected after becoming ensnared in the nets of a fishing vessel. Following the incident, South Korea places its military on the east coast on high alert.
—Marc Lavine, "South Korea on Alert as Tension Escalates Despite Landmark Talks," Agence France Presse, 22 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Don Kirk, "North Korea Sub Is Snagged off South," International Herald Tribune, 23 June 1998, p. 1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "US Protests over Submarine during Military Talks with North Korea," Agence France Presse, 23 June 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

29-30 June 1998
KEDO's Executive Board meets in Brussels to discuss cost-sharing and reducing the total cost of the light water reactor project. The executive board decides to lower the total cost for the light water reactor construction from $5.2 billion to $4.6 billion and agrees to meet in mid-July to formalize the new cost estimate. However, the board members fail to reach an agreement on sharing the cost of the project. [Note: Even with the new figure of $4.6 billion, KEDO still needs at least $300 million to cover construction costs.]
—"KEDO Lowers Cost Estimate for N. Korea Reactors," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 1 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Construction Cost of N. Korean Reactors Lowered," Japan Economic Newswire, 1 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

July 1998
National Assemblyman Pak Kwan Yong (Grand National Party) discloses information regarding a secret project carried out through the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) and the 21st Century National Development Research Institute to reprocess spent nuclear fuel abroad then have it returned to South Korea. According to Pak, "the former President Kim knew nothing about the project. The reprocessing project was pushed for the peaceful purposes of securing nuclear fuel." KEPCO decided to abandon this project at the end of June due to the current domestic and international political environment. As a result of abandoning the project, KEPCO decided not to renew a contract with the US law firm Hogan and Hartson, which has been lobbying the US government since April 1997 to allow South Korea to reprocess spent nuclear fuel.
[Note: On 23 July 1998, the South Korean government and the Korea Electric Power Corporation say they cannot comment on this issue because South Korea does not yet have an official policy on reprocessing spent fuel.]
—Im Kyu Jin and Pak Hyon Jin, Donga Ilbo, 15 July 1998, in "Overseas Nuke Fuel Reprocessing Scrapped," FBIS Document ID: FTS19980916001302; Yun Sŏng Hye, "Sayonghu Haeg'yŏllyo Chaech'ŏri Saŏp Chongdan/P'yoryuhanŭn Wŏnjaryŏk Chŏngch'aek," Munhwa Ilbo, 23 July 1998, p. 13, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

1 July 1998
Wŏlsŏng-3 nuclear power reactor begins commercial operation. Wŏlsŏng-3 is a 700MW(e) CANDU reactor built and designed by Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL), Hanjung Engineering Group and the Daewoo Construction Company.
—Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>; Korea Hydro & Nuclear Co., Ltd. (KHNP), "Han'guksuryŏk Wŏnjaryŏk (Chu) Wŏlsŏngwŏnjaryŏk Ponpu," <.http://www.khnp.co.kr/korea_map/korea.html>; "Wolsong-3 Goes Commercial at Beginning of July," Nuclear News, August 1998, p. 28, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

2 July 1998
Japanese Vice Foreign Minister Shunji Yanai and his South Korean counterpart meet in Tokyo and agree to seek an early resolution on how to share the construction costs of the KEDO light water reactor project. The foreign ministers agree that US cooperation in funding the reactor construction is indispensable.
—"Japan, ROK Hope to Settle KEDO Cost-Sharing Dispute," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 2 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Japan, S. Korea Seek More U.S. Cooperation for KEDO," Japan Economic Newswire, 2 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

22 July 1998
The Chosun Ilbo quotes a South Korean official working on the KEDO light water reactor project as saying that even though preparatory construction is scheduled to be completed in early August, construction on the actual reactors will probably not begin until October because the United States, South Korea and Japan have yet to reach a final agreement on each party's share of the construction costs.
—"N. Korea Reactor Project to Start in Oct.: Official," Japan Economic Newswire, 22 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kim In Ku, "Kyŏngsuro Pujigongsa 3 Kaewŏl Yŏnjang/Piyongbudam Habŭi Andwoe," Chosun Ilbo, 22 July 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

23 July 1998
A shipment of spent nuclear fuel containing 299 spent fuel elements from South Korea arrives at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The US accepts spent nuclear fuel from South Korea under a bilateral agreement that bans South Korea from reprocessing US originated fuel.
—"Research Reactor Fuel from Korea Arrives at INEEL," Nuclear News, September 1998, p. 55, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

27-28 July 1998
KEDO's Executive Board meets in New York and tentatively agrees on how to share the cost of constructing two light water reactors in North Korea. South Korea will be responsible for $3.22 billion, or 70 percent of the estimated $4.6 billion project. Japan is to pay $1 billion, and the remaining $380 million will be split between the United States and EU. The board does not announce the specifics on how the $380 will be divided between the United States and EU. [Note: The tentative agreement must still be accepted by each of the governments involved.]
—"KEDO Members Tentatively Agree on Cost Sharing," Korea Times, 29 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "KEDO Agrees on Funding for North Korean Nuclear Reactors," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 29 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency , 29 July 1998, in "South Korea Agrees to Fix US Obligation for North's Reactor," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 29 July 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 August 1998
SK Engineering and Construction Company announces its plan to enter the international nuclear power generation market. SK recently received a certificate for the nuclear power sector from the Korea Electric Association which allows qualified bidders to participate in bids for domestic nuclear power projects. SK plans to form a consortium to bid for nuclear power construction projects in Kori.
—Yonhap, 4 August 1998, in "SK Eng. And Const. to Enter Nuclear Power Generation Mkt," Asia Pulse, 4 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Han Yu Chae, "SK, Wŏnjŏn Kŏnsŏl Ch'amyŏ Sŏnŏn," Chosun Ilbo, 4 August 1998, p. 23, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

5 August 1998
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) discloses information about Ulchin-3 nuclear power reactors' accidents. According to MOST, an auxiliary unit of Ulchin-3 nuclear power reactor's steam generator fell off twice in June and July 1998. In addition, on 19 July 1998, during the process of filling one of the tanks with distilled water and nitrogen, the reactor's pressure increased ten times causing the tank to rupture.
—Shin Tong Ho, "Ch'ŏt Han'gukhyŏng Wŏnjŏn Ulchin 3 Hogi 'Bushil'/Shihŏmgadongjung Itdan P'ason Sago," Hankyoreh Shinmun, 6 August 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

6-7 August 1998
Representatives from the United States and South Korea meet in Hawaii to discuss lifting economic sanctions against North Korea. The two sides fail to agree to what degree sanctions should be eased. An official from the South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade says on 10 August that the United States did not completely rule out the possibility of easing sanctions, but "the conditions for lifting sanctions, however, is not favorable to the Republican Congress mainly because of the recent infiltration of a North Korean submarine into the South, and the North's suspected transfer of missile technology." [Note: Under the 1994 Agreed Framework, the United States agreed to take steps to ease economic sanctions against North Korea.]
—Yonhap News Agency, 10 August 1998, in "South Korea, USA Fail to Agree on Sanctions Against North," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 10 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Jun Kwan Woo, "Washington, Pyongyang to Open Talks in New York," Korea Herald, 17 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

12 August 1998
Admiral Joseph Prueher, commander-in-chief of the US Pacific Command, meets with South Korean Defense Minister Ch'ŏn Yong T'aek and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Kim Jin Ho, and promises to make additional assets of the US Pacific Command available in order to counter any small-scale North Korean military provocations, such as the recent submarine incursion.
—"US Committed to Continue Joint Operations Against NK Subs," Korea Times, 13 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

11 August 1998
Ulchin-3 nuclear power reactor begins commercial operation. Ulchin-3 is a 1,000MW(e) PWR.
— Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP), "Han'guk Suryŏg'wŏnjaryŏk (Chu) Ulchinwŏnjaryŏk Ponbu," <http://www.khnp.co.kr/korea_map/korea.html>; Sohn Tae Soo, ""KEPCO Fires up Ulchin Plant No. 3; First Korean Standard Nuclear Power Station," Korea Herald, 12 September 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

18 August 1998
Prime Minister Kim Chong P'il admits that the South Korean government had plans to develop nuclear weapons, but did not provide specific information as to when and how. The Prime Minister stated that "in the past, Seoul had tried to make nuclear weapons but subsequently declared the Korean Peninsula a nuclear-free zone." Kim made his remarks during a meeting with the chairman of the Pugwash Conference of Science and World Affairs.
—"S. Korean Premier Confirms Past Attempts to go Nuclear," Japan Economic Newswire, 28 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News, 28 August 1998, in "Prime Minister Confirms ROK Had Nuclear Program in Past," FBIS Document ID: FTS19980828000233.

21 August 1998
The Ministry of National Defense announces plans to inaugurate an anti-nuclear, biological and chemical warfare command by the end of September 1999 to protect against threats from North Korea. According to the Ministry's reports, the possibility of a chemical attack by North Korea will peak between the years of 2000 and 2002.
—"Anti-NBC Warfare Command to be Launched Next Year," Korea Times, 22 August 1998, p.3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Hwasaengbang Panghosaryŏngbu/Naenyŏn 9 Wŏlkkaji Ch'angsŏl," Chonghap News, 22 August 1998, p.2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

21 August 1998
The Korean Federation for Environmental Movement (KFEM) accuses the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) of choosing three locations for nuclear power plant projects without the full approval of residents. According to KFEM, the three sites are Ulchin, Samchok, and Haenam, but these sites have not been officially designated by KEPCO. KFEM accuses KEPCO of bypassing the formal approval process by requesting the Ministry of Industry and Energy to designate these sites.
—"Environmental Group Protests KEPCO's Nuclear Power Plan," Korea Herald, 22 August 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

25 August 1998
South Korea's Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister Hong Sun Yŏng submits a report to the National Assembly in which he claims that while there does not yet exist any proof that North Korea has violated the 1994 Agreed Framework, the recently discovered underground facility is most likely linked to a clandestine nuclear program.
—Yonhap News Agency, 25 August 1998, in "South's Foreign Minister Admits No Proof on North's Suspected Nuclear Facility," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 27 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kwon Tae Yol, "Large-Scale Construction Project in Yongbyon in North Korea," Chosun Ilbo, 25 August 1998, BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 27 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kwŏn Tae Yŏl, "Puk Yŏngbyŏnsŏ Taegyumo Chihagonsa/'Haek Kwallyŏnshisŏl Ch'ujŏng'," Chosun Ilbo, 26 August 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

27 August 1998
Commenting on the recently discovered underground facility in North Korea, South Korean Foreign Affairs and Trade Ministry spokesman Lee Ho Chin announces that "the government has no grounds to prove that the facility is for nuclear development and the governments of South Korea and the United States share such an evaluation." However, Lee says that South Korea is "closely watching the facility with every possibility in mind, including the possibility of the facility being reserved for nuclear development."
—Yonhap News Agency, 27 August 1998, in "South Korean Spokesman Says No 'Solid' Proof of North's Nuclear Facility," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 27 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Gov't Denies NK's Development of Nuclear Facilities," Korea Times, 28 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

31 August 1998
KEDO's Executive Board postpones signing an agreement on sharing the cost of the $4.6 billion light water reactor project after North Korea attempts to launch a satellite with a rocket that flies over Japan. Following the launch, Tokyo informs Seoul and Washington that it will not sign the agreement as scheduled and is currently suspending all financial support to KEDO.
—"N. Korea Reactor Cost-Sharing Accord Put on Hold," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 31 August 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Betsy Pisik, "Test Threatens Aid from Tokyo, Washington," Washington Times, 1 September 1998, p. A1, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Japan Halts Air Traffic to North Korea," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 2 September 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

5 September 1998
The Korean Central News Agency reports that Kim Kwang Mo, a former Chŏng'wadae [Blue House] economic secretary, has admitted that the South Korean government secretly supported the development of nuclear weapons under former President Park Chung Hee. In addition, the report states that the former secretary recalls President Park stating in 1973 that South Korea needs nuclear weapons.
—"S. Korea Develops Nuclear Weapons in Secrecy," Korean Central News Agency, 5 September 1998, <http://www.kcna.co.jp>.

6 September 1998
Daewoo Corporation announces it has agreed to provide technology for the construction of nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Daewoo will deliver the technology to New Asia Construction & Development Corporation of Taiwan for $5 million. Under the agreement, Daewoo will provide a team of three experts to the firm for the next five years.
—"Daewoo to Export Atomic Plant Technology," Korea Herald, 7 September 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

11 September 1998
A dedication ceremony is held for the Ulchin-3 nuclear power reactor. Ulchin-3 is South Korea's first Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KNSP) using a pressurized water reactor (PWR). In addition, a ground-breaking ceremony is held for the Ulchin-5 and -6 nuclear power reactors which are expected to be completed in 2004 and 2005.
— Sohn Tae Soo, "KEPCO Fires up Ulchin Plant No. 3; First Korean Standard Nuclear Power Station," Korea Herald, 12 September 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Kwak Chŏng Su, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Ch'ŏt Han'gukhyŏng Wŏnjŏn Ulchin 3 Hogi Chun'gong," Hankyoreh Shinmun, 12 September 1998, p. 2, Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>; Park Chong Sŏng, "Han'gukhyŏng Wŏnjŏn Ulchin 3 Hogi Chun'gong/Kungnaeŏpch'e Sŏlgye Kŏnsŏl," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 12 September 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

16 September 1998
The 4th Permanent Coordination Group meeting to promote safeguards related research and development activities between the US Department of Energy and South Korea's Ministry of Science and Technology is held in Washington DC. During the meeting, South Korea and the US renew the cooperation agreement on DUPIC safeguards (Direct Use of Spent PWR Fuel in CANDU Reactors). In addition, the two countries agree to develop physical protection research programs, and they discuss the development of a curriculum on material control and accounting.
—"USDOE/MOST Safeguards Joint R&D Tasks Developed," TCNC Newsletter, September/October 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr
/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

26 September 1998
Classified documents released by the US Department of State reveal both South Korea's plans to develop nuclear weapons, and the US plans to prevent this during the 1970's. According to the documents, President Park Chung Hee doubted US security assurances, and decided to develop weapons to prevent dependence on the US. The US threatened South Korea with suspension of loans to develop nuclear technology and reactors, and pressured the Canadian and French governments. In 1975, the US successfully prevented the sale of a plutonium reprocessing facility by France, which led the South Korean government to abandon its plans to conduct research. South Korea also sought the purchase of solid rocket fuel and rocket motors from the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company for ballistic missiles.
—Chosun Ilbo, 27 September 1998, in "Documents Reveal US Pressure on ROK Nuclear Plan in 70's," FBIS Document ID: FTS19980927000188; Kuk Ki Yŏn, "Mijŏngbu-Chuhandaesa Chŏnmunnaeyong," Segye Ilbo, 28 September 1998, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.ke>; "Park Tae't'ongnyŏng 70 Nyŏndae Chungban Haengmugi Poyu Ch'ujin," Donga Ilbo, 28 September 1998, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "'Allyŏjin Pinil' Sashillo Chaehwagin/Mi Munsŏ Konggae Ŭiŭi," Chosun Ilbo, 28 September 1998, p. 10, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Kimil Haeje 74-76 Nyŏn Mi Munsŏ Chuyonaeyong," Hankook Ilbo, 28 September 1998, p. 8, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

28 September 1998
Kim Chŏng Ryŏm, a former presidential chief secretary under the late President Park Chung Hee states that the US attempted to hinder South Korean plans to import nuclear reprocessing facilities from France in the 1970's. According to Kim, the US pressured both the Korean and French governments to abandon the transaction, due to fears that the reprocessing facility would be used for military purposes.
—Yonhap News Agency, 28 September 1998, in "US 'Impeded' ROK Import of Nuclear Facilities in 1970's," FBIS Document ID: FTS19980928000004; Lee Chung Kŭn, "Haekchaech'ŏrishisŏl Toip/Mi, Pul'e Amnyŏk Musan/Kim Chŏng Ryŏm Ssi Hwagin," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 28 September 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

30 September 1998
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy announces plans to build a radioactive waste disposal facility. The new facility is to hold both low-level radioactive waste and spent fuel. According to the plan that was finalized by the Nuclear Energy Committee, the facility's size is to be 1.98 million square meters, and is expected to be completed by 2008.
—"Repository to be Built for Spent Fuel," Korea Times, 1 October 1998, p. 9, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Government to Construct Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility," Korea Herald, 1 October 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

October 1998
The first phase of remote monitoring systems is installed at the Yŏnggwang-3 nuclear power reactor. The system includes surveillance cameras and a server at the spent fuel storage pond. The data is then transmitted through a telephone line to the IAEA and the Technology Center for Nuclear Control in Taejŏn. Phase II of the remote monitoring systems are expected to be applied in June.
—"Korean Remote Monitoring Progress," TCNC Newsletter, 1 June 1999, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr
/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

October 1998
After a review of nuclear research and development programs, South Korean officials say the government may decrease funds for these projects. The projects that were reviewed include the fast reactor, the advanced PWR (Korea Next Generation Reactor), and the fuel cycle programs.
—Mark Hibbs, "Seoul Undertaking Review of Nuclear R&D Programs," Nucleonics Week, 19 November 1998, p. 7, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

2 October 1998
Wŏlsŏng-3 nuclear power reactor is temporality shut down due to an increase of combustible gas in the interior. According to officials at the Wŏlsŏng power plant, this incident does not affect the safety of the reactor.
—Lee Dong' Gu, "Wŏlsŏng'wŏnjŏn 2 Hogi Paljŏnjungdan/Chubyŏnapki Kasŭbalsaeng Chŭnggaro," Taehan Maeil, 3 October 1998, p. 19, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

8 October 1998
South Korean President Kim Dae Jung and Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi meet in Tokyo to discuss cooperation between their two countries in the 21st Century. The two leaders issue a joint declaration in which they reconfirm their commitment to uphold the 1994 Agreed Framework and recognize KEDO as the most effective mechanism to halt North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
—"Joint Declaration on New ROK-Japan Partnership for 21st Century," Korea Times, 8 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Summary of Japan-S. Korea Joint Declaration," Japan Economic Newswire, 8 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Hanil Kongdongsŏnŏn Yoji," Hankook Ilbo, 8 October 1998, p. 4, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

13 October 1998
South Korean Foreign Minister Hong Sun Yŏng urges the US Congress to approve funds for heavy fuel oil shipments to North Korea. Stressing the seriousness of the current situation to the survival of the Agreed Framework, Hong says, "In case the US neglects its part of the agreement, they will give North Korea the excuse to scrap the agreement."
—"US Urged to Back North Korean Fuel Supplies," Financial Times (London), 14 October 1998, p. 4, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Mid-October 1998
South Korean officials announce that the government is against reprocessing spent nuclear fuel because of the 1994 Agreed Framework between the US and North Korea. The government's position is shared by Korea Electric Power Corporation's new president Chang Yŏng Shik who voiced his opposition to reprocessing when he came into office in May.
—Mark Hibbs, "No Spent Fuel Reprocessing, New KEPCO CEO Chang Declares," Nuclear Fuel, 19 October 1998, p. 5, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

18 October 1998
The Ulchin-1 nuclear power reactor leaks coolant from three of its steam generator tubes. According to the Ministry of Science and Technology, the tubes leaked 1.31, 3.87 and 6.38 liters of coolant.
—Lee In U, "Ulchin Wŏnjŏn 1 Hogi Naenggaku Nuch'ol/Hanjŏn Kukkamjaryo," Hankyoreh Shinmun, 22 October 1998, p. 26, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

20-22 October 1998
The 7th IAEA-ROK Joint Review Meeting on Safeguards Implementation is held in Seoul. During the meeting, 20 new action items are identified for the effective implementation of safeguards. In addition, discussions are held on South Korea's support programs, the joint use of safeguard instruments, short notice random inspections, and requirements for medical certificates. During the meeting, South Korean officials express the willingness to host the IAEA's Regional Safeguards Training Course in 1999.
—"7th IAEA-ROK Safeguards Joint Review Meeting Held," TCNC Newsletter, November/December 1998, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr
/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

21 October 1998
Chang Yŏng Shik, president of the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is chosen as the sixth chairman of the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO).
—"Business News Briefs: KEPCO President to Head WANO," Korea Herald, 22 October 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; "Chang Yŏng Shik Han'gukchŏllyŏk Sajang Segyewŏnjŏnhyŏphoejang P'isŏn," Munhwa Ilbo, 21 October 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

21-24 October 1998
Representatives from the United States, China, and the two Koreas meet in Geneva for the third round of four-party peace talks aimed at replacing the 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement with a formal peace treaty. This round of talks shows progress as the four parties agree to form two subcommittees to discuss establishing peace on the peninsula and reducing tension between North and South Korea. At the talks, the United States and North Korea meet in private to discuss the suspected underground nuclear facility located near Kŭmch'ang-ri. North Korea reportedly offers to allow the United States to inspect the site in return for compensation due to the "infringement of its sovereignty." On 24 October, a US official announces that at the bilateral meetings, North Korea agreed to allow Charles Kartman, head of the US delegation, to visit the suspected site as early as November.
—Lim Yun Suk, "US, N. Korea Exchange Sharp Words on No Progress in Peace Talks," Agence France Presse, 21 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lim Yun Suk, "Peace Talks to Resume as North Korea Demands US Troop Pullout," Agence France Presse, 22 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; John Zarocostas, "US, N. Korea Meet on Summit Sidelines," United Press International, 23 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "South and North Korea Move Closer to Reaching Deal," Agence France Presse, 23 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lim Yun Suk, "US Korea Specialist to Visit N. Korea over Suspect nuclear complex," Agence France Presse, 24 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Lim Yun Suk, "South And North Korea Take a Step Forward Toward Achieving Peace," Agence France Presse, 25 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

23 October 1998
Kim Tŏk Ryŏng, a member of South Korea's National Assembly, claims that Seoul has evidence that two recently discovered underground facilities in North Korea are related to a clandestine nuclear weapons program. According to Kim, one of the facilities is located in Kŭmchang-ri, Taegwan-kun, and the other is located between T'aechŏn-kun and Kusŏng. Kim says the Kŭmch'ang-ri facility, to be completed within six years, is expected to house a reactor and a reprocessing plant. The other facility, according to Kim, is located under an island in the middle of a lake, and is already producing plutonium. However, South Korea's Unification Minister, Kang In Tŏk, announces that the United States and South Korea have not yet determined whether or not the facilities are in fact related to a nuclear weapons program.
—"NK Building 2 Underground Nuke Sites," Korea Times, 23 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency (Seoul), 23 October 1998, in "Koreas: South's Lawmaker Says North Has Two More Nuclear Sites," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 23 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "North Korea Builds Two More Nuclear Sites: S Korean Opposition," Agence France Presse, 23 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency (Seoul), 23 October 1998, in "Koreas: South Says Status of North's Underground Facility Still Unconfirmed," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 23 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kim In Ku, "'Puk Haekshisŏl 2 Kot Tŏ Itta'/Kim Tŏk Ryŏng Ŭiwŏn Chujang," Chosun Ilbo, 24 October 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

26 October 1998
South Korea and Turkey sign an agreement on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Under the agreement, both countries will cooperate in constructing nuclear power plants and research reactors, the processing of nuclear materials, security and protection against radiation, and the exchange of technology and personnel.
—Ankara TRT Television Network, 26 October 1998, in "Turkey, South Korea Sign Agreement on Nuclear Energy," FBIS Document ID: FTS19981026001328; "Korea, Turkey Sign Nuclear Energy Pact," Korea Times, 29 October 1998, p.2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

27 October-7 November 1998
The United States and South Korea hold the annual Foal Eagle combined military exercise. The military exercise, aimed at preparing for a North Korean invasion, involves 50,000 South Korean troops and 35,000 US troops. Foal Eagle '98 is the largest combined military exercise since the cancellation of Team Spirit in 1993. [Note: Team Spirit was cancelled in order to encourage North Korea to sign the Agreed Framework, but since Team Spirit's cancellation, North Korea has accused the United States and South Korea of merely replacing Team Spirit with other combined military exercises.]
—Marc Lavine, "S. Korea, US to Launch Massive Joint Military Exercise Next Week," Agence France Presse, 20 October 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Late October-Early November 1998
The chief of Ulchu-kun requests that the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) construct all four of its planned nuclear power plants in and around the county. KEPCO's original plan was to split the four plants between Ulchu-kun and Kijang-kun. The chief's decision to request the construction of nuclear power plants is due to the employment opportunities and increased revenue.
—Jung Sung Woo, "Ulchoo Chief Asks for Reactors," Chosun Ilbo, 4 November 1998, <http://www.chosun.com>; Sŏn U Jŏng, "'Shinsŏl Wŏnjaro 4 Ki Urigune Moladalla'/Ulchugunsu, Kwagamhan Yoch'ŏng," Chosun Ilbo, 4 November 1998, p. 29, <http://www.chosun.com>.

November 1998
South Korea and Canada agree to jointly participate in international biddings for nuclear power plant projects in China and Turkey during the APEC summit.
—"ROK, Canada to Jointly Bid for N-Power Plants/'98 APEC Summit," Korea Times, 18 November 1998, p.2, KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

5 November 1998
South Korean Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister Hong Sun Yŏng announces that South Korea has discovered "some suspect parts of North Korea's underground facility," but, Hong adds that South Korea will not take "excessive action until we obtain a clear conclusion that the underground facility is related to a nuclear program." Hong states that until such proof comes forward, South Korea will continue to support the KEDO light water reactor project.
—Yonhap News Agency, 5 November 1998, in "Koreas: South Not to React to North Nuclear Site Unless Evidence Found," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 5 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Ch'u Sŭng Ho, "T'ong'ilwoegyot'ongsangwi/Kukkam Hairait'ŭ," Taehan Maeil, 6 November 1998, p. 6, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

9 November 1998
KEDO adopts a resolution stipulating how the costs of constructing two light water reactors will be divided among the executive board members. Under the resolution, South Korea will finance 70 percent of the $4.6 billion project, and Japan will provide $1 billion. The remaining $400 million will be provided by the United States and the EU, but the details of how much each would pay is not mentioned in the resolution.
—"KEDO Adopts Cost-Sharing Resolution on N. Korea Reactors," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 11 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "4 Nations Agree on How to Pay for N. Korean Nuclear Project," Korean Industry Update, 12 November 1998, p. 6, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

11 November 1998
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) announces that the Ulchin-1 nuclear power reactor has leaked four to seven liters of coolant from June to September 1998, and is still leaking. MOST is discussing the possibility of lowering the reactor's generating capacity or suspending operations because if this trend continues, Ulchin-1 will leak over ten liters of coolant by the end of this year or early next year.
—Chŏng Chae Yong, "Ulchinwŏnjŏn 1 Hogi 'Anjon Pisang'/'Pangsanŭng Naenggaksu' Kyesok Noch'ul," Kukmin Ilbo, 11 November 1998, p. 15, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

13 November 1998
The Korea Heavy Industries and Construction Company (Hanjung) announces it has successfully developed monoblock rotors for use in 1,000 MW(e) nuclear power plants. Hanjung has invested $6.1 billion since 1996 to develop this technology.
—"HANJUNG Develops Monoblock Rotor," Korea Herald, 14 November 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

15 November 1998
The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) announces it will suspend operations of Ulchin-1 nuclear power plant in February 1999. In addition, KEPCO says it will continue to operate Ulchin-1 at a lower generating capacity to prevent further leakage of coolant until February 1999.
—Park Chong Sŏng, "Naenggaksu Nusu Wŏnjŏn 1 Hogi/Naenyŏn 1 Wŏle' Kadong Chongdan," Kyunghyang Shinmun, 16 November 1998, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.

16 November 1998
The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) announces it will establish a consortium to participate in nuclear power projects in China. According to KEPCO officials, the consortium will be established before 2001. KEPCO officials hope to provide the technology and training, while foreign firms finance the project.
—Yonhap, 16 November 1998, in "KEPCO to Set up Consortium for China Nuclear Power Plant," Asia Pulse, 16 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

20 November 1998
South Korean President Kim Dae Jung says that there is not yet any "conclusive evidence" to prove that the underground facility in Kŭmch'ang-ri, North Korea is related to a clandestine nuclear weapons program.
—"Kim Says No Evidence About N. Korea's Nuclear Site," Japan Economic Newswire, 20 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "South Korean P.M. Urges Caution over North's Alleged Nuclear Plant," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 20 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

20 November 1998
After his visit to Pyongyang, Charles Kartman, special envoy for Korean affairs, announces that the United States and South Korea have "compelling evidence" that the underground facilities currently under construction in Kŭmch'ang-ri are related to a nuclear program. However, the South Korean government denies that there is clear evidence. South Korean President Kim Dae Jung also says, "there is suspicion that the underground facilities in Kŭmch'ang-ri are nuclear-related, but there is no clear evidence."
—Yonhap News Agency, 20 November 1998, in "South Korean Report Details Intelligence Gathering on North Nuclear Facility," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 20 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "Kartman T'ŭksa IlmunIldap/'Puk Ŭihok Changso Kŭmch'ang-ri Hangot'," Hankook Ilbo, 20 November 1998, p. 5, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>; Lee T'ae Hŭi, "'Puk Chihashisŏl Haek Kwanllyŏn Chŭnggŏ'/Chŏngbu 'Haekshisŏl Hwakchŭng'ŭn Ajik Optta'," Hangyoreh Shinmun, 20 November 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>; Hong Yun O, "'Puk Haeg'ŭihok Hwakchŭng'ŭn Optta'/Kim Taet'ongnyŏng Kwiguk Hwoegyŏn," Hankook Ilbo, 21 November 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

21 November 1998
US President Bill Clinton and South Korean President Kim Dae Jung urge North Korea to allow inspections of a suspected underground nuclear facility at Kŭmch'ang-ri. Speaking at a joint press conference, Clinton says that Washington and Seoul "have strong information that raises a suspicion, but no one knows for sure what the facility is." Kim warns that the two allies "will not tolerate any development of nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass-destruction" by North Korea.
—"U.S. and Seoul Warn North Korea about Developing Nuclear Arms," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 21 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Robert Burns, "Clinton, Kim Demand Answers on Suspected Nuclear Site," 21 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

22 November 1998
South Korean President Kim Dae Jung, in a meeting with top government officials says, "If North Korea's underground site is confirmed to be a nuclear weapons storage facility, we will first ask Pyongyang to remove nuclear weapons. Should it deny the call, a grave situation will take place."
—"Kim Presses NK to Allow Access to Suspected Nuke Site," Korea Times, 23 November 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

30 November 1998
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sign a memorandum of understanding on strengthening cooperation with the IAEA's regional and inter-regional training courses and workshops. According to the Ministry of Unification (MOU), MOST will act as the national coordinator for hosting the IAEA's regional and inter-regional training courses and workshops.
—"MOST-IAEA Concluded MOU on Technical Cooperation," 4 December 1998, Ministry of Science and Technology, <http://www.most.go.kr>.

Late 1998
South Korean officials make plans to develop a study on the aging process of the Wŏlsŏng-1 nuclear power reactor. The study is to be held in 1999 with the hope of finding ways to extend the life of the reactor by at least 10 more years. In addition, the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) will draft a comprehensive regulatory outline for the life extension of all Korean nuclear reactors by 2000. So far, the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) has taken steps to extend the life of Kori-1, Korea's oldest reactor, by replacing parts such as the steam generators, condenser tubes, and the control system. However, there are no formal rules, regulations and standards for aging nuclear reactors.
—Mark Hibbs, "KEPCO, KINS to Develop Plan for Extending Wolsong-1 Life," Nucleonics Week, 10 December 1998, p. 9, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

Early December 1998
The National Congress for New Politics and the United Liberal Democrats block a vote in the National Assembley to increase electricity prices by four percent over 10-15 years to help finance the light water construction project in North Korea. According to a Nucleonics Week report, the energy industry strongly urged both parties to oppose the rate increase for fears that it will hinder their recovery from the 1997 economic crisis.
—Mark Hibbs, "Heavy Industry, Seoul Parties Block Rate Increase for KEDO," Nucleonics Week, 10 December 1998, p. 15, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

3 December 1998
South Korean Defense Minister Ch'ŏn Yong Taek says that North Korea's nuclear and missile programs remain a threat to Northeast Asia. Speaking at an annual meeting of top ranking military personnel, Chun says that South Korea must remain at full alert as tension grows over North Korea's suspected nuclear weapons program.
—Lee Sung Yul, "Defense Minister Calls for Full Readiness: Against Possible Tension over N.K.'s Suspected Nuclear Arms Program," Korea Herald, 4 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Kim Yŏng Bŏn, "Puk Naenyŏn Kunsaŭijondo Tŏ Kŏjiltŭt," Munhwa Ilbo, 3 December 1998, p. 1, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

4 December 1998
Seoul announces that in 1999 it plans to send an additional consul to the KEDO office in [Kŭmho-chigu], Shinp'o as construction of the reactors gets under way. [Note: Currently there are five consuls at the KEDO office: two each from the United States and South Korea, and one from Japan.]
—Yonhap News Agency, 4 December 1998, in "South Korea to Send One More Envoy to Nuclear Energy Body Office in North," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 4 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

7 December 1998
Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) officials announce that they are in negotiations with Asea Brown Boveri-Combustion Engineering (ABB-CE) and other foreign firms to form a consortium to participate in constructing nuclear power plants in China.
—Yonhap News Agency, 7 December 1998, in "KEPCO to Create Consortium to Build Nuclear Plants," FBIS Document ID: FTS19981207000092; "KEPCO Eyeing Reactor Business in China," Korea Herald, 8 December 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Seoul Maeil Business Fax, 8 December 1998, in "KEPCO Holds Talks with ABB for Nuclear Reactors in China," FBIS Document ID: FTS19981208000055.

8 December 1998
A dedication ceremony is held for a 65MW(e) nuclear power plant in Rizal, Philippines that the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) has been restoring since 1995. KEPCO was awarded the bid to refurbish the power plant under a "rehabilitation, operation, maintenance and management" basis.
—"KEPCO Dedicates Power Plant in Philippines," Korea Herald, 9 December 1998, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>; Korean Electric Power Corporation, "Chŏllyŏksaŏp 100 Nyŏnsa," 27 April 2001, <http://www.kepco.co.kr/kepco_plaza
/f/f2/html/f2_01_01_08.html>.

9 December 1998
Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) officials announce plans to expand services to nuclear power plant projects in other countries such as Turkey and Hungary. According to KEPCO officials, bids have been placed for the Akkuyu nuclear project in Turkey, and KEPCO is in the process of preparing a bid for an 80MW(e) nuclear power plant project in Hungary.
—Yonhap News Agency, 9 December 1998, in "KEPCO to Build Power Plants in Turkey, Hungary," FBIS Document ID: FTS19981209000022.

9 December 1998
The Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security, a South Korean think tank under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, issues a report urging US President Bill Clinton to invoke a presidential decree overriding the congressional freeze on heavy fuel oil deliveries to North Korea until 31 May. The report also calls on the United States and South Korea to offer additional food aid in exchange for access to the suspected nuclear weapons facility in Kŭmch'ang-ri.
—Yonhap News Agency, 9 December 1998, in "S Korea: Foreign Affairs Body Urges USA to Delay Sanctions against North," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 9 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

11 December 1998
The Ulchin-1 nuclear power reactor shuts down due to a pipe rupture. According to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) the rupture is a result of coolant leaking from the steam generator which caused the pipe to erode.
—Shin Dong Ho, "Ulchinwŏnjŏn 1 Hogi Kadong Chongdan/Naenggaksu Yuip Paegwan Kallajyŏ," Hankyoreh Shinmun, 12 December 1998, p. 23, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

16 December 1998
Officials from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) discuss and review national inspections performed in 1998. At the end of the meeting, MOST decides to expand national inspections from 13 to 27 facilities in 1999. The 27 facilities include eight research facilities, three fuel fabrication plants, 12 light water reactors, and four on-load refueled reactors.
—"Full Scope National Inspection Slated for '99," TCNC Newsletter, 1 February 1999, <http://www.tcnc.kaeri.re.kr
/Newsletter/tcncnews.htm>.

17 December 1998
The South Korean military detects a North Korean spy submarine at 11:15 PM about 2km from the South Korean Imp'o-ri Army Battalion in Yŏsu, South Chŏlla province. South Korean Navy vessels give chase and sink the submarine around 5:55 AM on 18 December. [Note: On 19 December, North Korea denies any wrongdoing and accuses South Korea of creating the incident in order to fuel tension on the peninsula.]
—Kevin Sullivan, "South Korea Detects, Sinks North's Spy Sub," Washington Post, 18 December 1998, p. A24, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "South Korea Sinks Suspected North Korean Spy Vessel," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 18 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; "North Korea Charges Plot in Sub Sinking," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 19 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Ko Se Uk, "Puk Chamsujŏng Tto Ch'imt'u/Palgyŏnesŏ Kyŏkch'imkkaji," Kukmin Ilbo, 18 December 1998, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

18 December 1998
The Wŏlsŏng-3 nuclear power reactor is temporarily shut-down due to the malfunctioning of its unit distribution transformer. According to the Ministry of Science and Technology, no radioactive leaks are reported.
—Korea Times, 18 December 1998, in "No. 3 Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Malfunctions," FBIS Document ID: FTS19981221000416; Chŏng Chae Ung, "Wŏlsŏng'wŏnjŏn 3 Hogi Chŏngji," Kukmin Ilbo, 18 December 1998, p. 14, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

20 December 1998
The Wŏlsŏng-3 nuclear power reactor is temporarily shut-down due to a high pressure signal from the coolant system.
—Mo T'ae Chun, "Wŏlsŏng'wŏnjŏn 3 Hogi Ddo Kojang," Chosun Ilbo, 21 December 1998, p. 29, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.co.kr>.

22 December 1998
Representatives from the United States, South Korea and Japan meet in New York to coordinate their policies on North Korea. The three nations agree to maintain pressure on Pyongyang to allow inspections of a suspected underground nuclear facility in Kŭmch'ang-ri.
—"3 Allies See No Sign of N. Korean Missile Firing," Japan Economic Newswire, 23 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>; Yonhap News Agency, 23 December 1998, in "South, US, Japan Coordinate North Policy at New York Talks," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 24 December 1998, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.