Year/Date Exporter Item(s) Remarks
January 1971
Soviet Union
SAM-2s
1972
Soviet Union
six transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) and six reload vehicles
early-1973
Soviet Union
six TELs and six reload vehicles
early-1973
Soviet Union
FROG missiles
8 June 1973
Soviet Union
SAM-2s and mobile SAM-6s
mid-October 1973
Soviet Union
supplies including SAM-7 system
early-1976
Soviet Union
12 Scud launchers
March 1977
France
anti-tank missiles
1978
West Germany
missile systems
Unconfirmed; shipment reportedly made by private German company, Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB).
early-1980s
Iran
Scud Cs
Unconfirmed; alleged that Iran facilitates the passage and/or pays for North Korean built Scud Cs to Syria.
March 1980
Soviet Union
modern FROG missiles
March 1980
Soviet Union
SAMs and other military cargo
8 July 1982
Soviet Union
SAMs and other military cargo
1983
Soviet Union
SS-21 (Scarab) missile
Single-stage, solid-fueled missile able to transport nuclear, chemical or conventional warhead. More accurate version of FROG-7.
February 1983
Soviet Union
new air-to-air missiles and SAM-5s
early-March 1983
Soviet Union
2 SAM-5 missile sites
Each consist of 12 missile launchers, including one missile per launcher and equipment for radar tracking and surveillance.
31 March 1983
Soviet Union
SAM-11s
late-May 1983
Libya
large quantities of arms and ammunition including advanced missiles and air-to-air missiles
early-October 1983
Soviet Union
SS-21 missiles
early- to mid-1984
Sweden
illegal missiles and explosives, including surface-to-air Robot 70 missiles
Unconfirmed; Swedish arms manufacturer Bofors is implicated a year later for illegal missile and explosive sales to various countries including Dubai, Bahrian, Syria, Ethiopia, Iraq, Iran, Libya, South Africa, and Israel.
15 December 1985
Soviet Union
naval vessels equipped with surface-to-surface missiles
Unconfirmed.
9 May 1986
unknown
Stinger anti-aircraft missiles
Unconfirmed; CIA sources state 50 Stinger missiles headed for South Africa are hijacked and redirected to Libya, Syria, and Lebanon.
1989
Soviet Union
surface-to-surface missiles
March 1991
North Korea
24 Scud missiles and 20 mobile launchers
1991
North Korea
Scud C missiles
The deal was worth an estimated $250 million.
April 1991
China
ballistic missiles
unconfirmed
April 1991
North Korea
60 Scud Cs and 12 TELs
May 1991
North Korea
36 Scud Cs
North Korea transports the missiles through Yugoslavia.
June 1991
North Korea
30 Scud Cs
The missiles were transported through Cyprus.
1992
North Korea
50 Scud Cs
early-1992
China
ingredients for producing solid-fuel missiles including 30 tons of chemical ammonium
March 1992
North Korea
24 Scud Cs and missile production and assembly equipment
May 1992
Iran
Scud C missiles
October 1992
Iran
100 Scud C missiles
North Korea ships missiles through Iran
1993
China
technical assistance for upgrading Scud B missiles
April 1993
North Korea
technical assistance for building underground facilities to produce Scud Cs and M-9 missiles
April 1993
Iran
technical assistance for building underground facilities to produce Scud Cs and M-9 missiles
April 1993
China
technical assistance for building underground facilities to produce Scud Cs and M-9 missiles
July 1993
North Korea
Scud B and Scud C missiles
5 August 1993
North Korea
seven MAZ 543 chassis and Scud Cs
The chassis are reportedly used as mobile missile launchers.
mid- to early-1994
North Korea
Scud Cs and TELs, Scud C cluster warheads
November 1994
North Korea
Scud C cluster warheads
June 1996
China
M-11 missile technology
Chinese state-owned China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation allegedly transfers misisle technology to Syria.
December 1996
Iran
arms including Russian Sagger anti-tank missiles
According to The Guardian (London), Iran is sending at least three containers of arms each month by plane to Syria.
mid- to late-1990s
Ukraine
technical assistance to T-55 tank fleet and AT-14 Kornet anti-tank guided missiles
mid-2000
North Korea
50 Nodong (Scud D) missiles and seven TELs
The private North Korean firm, Ch'ongchon'gang delivers the missiles to Syria
5 June 2000
China
technical assistance for developing advanced surface-to-surface ballistic missiles, missile engines, and guidance systems
early July 2001
Iraq
missile technology expertise
Early August 2001
China
Unspecified missile components and technology
Unconfirmed; U.S. government suspects parts are transferred through North Korea
16 August 2001
Russia
S-300 missiles
Unconfirmed; according to London-based Al-Hayah
7 September 2001
North Korea
Unspecified materials for Syria’s liquid-propellant missile program
6 February 2002
North Korea
Unspecified ballistic missiles and missile components
2003
Russia
Kornet-E and Metis-M missile systems
13 January 2003
North Korea
Accurate version of the Scud B missiles
Unconfirmed; claimed by western sources
28 April 2005
Russia
Short range Strelets anti-aircraft missiles
Key Sources: New York Times; Wisconsin Project; Kenneth Timmerman: Weapons of Mass Destruction; Associated Press; Critical Mass: The Dangerous Race for Superweapons in a Fragmenting World; BB; Associated Press; New York Times; Washington Post; The Guardian (London); Courier-Mail; The Jerusalem Post; Washington Times; US News & World Report; Wall Street Journal; Joongang Ilbo; Center for Nonproliferation Studies; Middle East Defence News; Center for Strategic and International Studies; South China Morning Post (Hong Kong); Anthony Cordesman: Peace & War: The Arab-Israeli Military Balance Enters the 21st Century; The Times (London); Al Arab al-Alamiyah, Middle East Newsline; Mibont; Ĵo Konggy Kan.ng; Donga Ilbo; Al-Hayah; St. Petersburg Time.
Updated June 2004
This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2007 by MIIS.
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