Name: Center for Atomic and Subatomic Physics
Other Names:
Location: Belgrade
Subordinate to: Institute of Physics
Size: Numerous programs and laboratories
Description: This center conducts research into low and high energy particles, optoelectronics, lasers, and plasma spectroscopy. It consists of several research laboratories including the Laboratory for Atomic Collision Processes, Laboratory for High Energy Physics; Laboratory for Optoelectronics and Lasers, and the Laboratory for Plasma Spectroscopy and Lasers.[1]
Name: Center for Nuclear Technologies and Research (NTI)
Other Names:
Location: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča, near Belgrade
Subordinate to: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, VinčaInstitute of Nuclear Sciences
Size: Numerous laboratories, reactors, and deparments
Primary Function: Research and Development
Description: In 2002, NTI was established as a part of the Institute of Nuclear Sciences, VinčaInstitute of Nuclear Sciences by merging the Nuclear Engineering Laboratory (NET) and RA Research Reactor Department. NTI operates the RA research reactor and RB critical assembly. The primary goal of the center is to implement numerous projects undertaken as a part of the "Green Vincha (VIND Program)". Green Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinčaseeks to improve nuclear security and radiation safety standards of the RA research reactor and the Institute. Research at NTI includes; reactor physics, safety and control of nuclear reactors, nuclear engineering, radiation protection. Operation activities at NTI include; fusion and accelerator operation, operation and maintenance of the RA and RB reactors, and preparation of RA reactor spent fuel removal and decommissioning. NTI is organized into three departments, namely, the RA Reactor Department (managed by Stevo Cupać -2003), RB reactor department (managed by Nebojša Dašić-2003), and the department of reactor physics and engineering (managed by Milan Pešić). NTI is managed by Mr. Milan Pešić (2002-present) and is staffed by 13 researchers (4 PhD, 4 MSc, 5 BSc), 24 technicians, 2 secretaries and 2 supporting staff.[2]
Name: Clinical Center of Serbia
Other Names: Klinicki Centar Srbije
Location: Pasterova 2, 11000 Beograd (Belgrade)
Size: 6,700 employees, 1,200 medical specialists and teaching staff
Primary Function: One of the biggest medical institutions in Yugoslavia; training and research facility in nuclear-related sciences
Description: The clinical center of Serbia represents a complex organization consisting of structural parts that provide highly specialized health care to population from Belgrade, Serbia and the whole of Yugoslavia. The center's educational activity includes regular and postgraduate education, advanced training and research in many nuclear related areas. The Center includes as one of its units the Institute for Nuclear Medicine. The center admits approximately 91.000 patients and performs 6 million laboratory services, 300.000 radiological, 30.000 in nuclear related analyses annually.[3]
Name: Department of Physical Chemistry
Other Names: Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
Location: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča
Subordinate: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča
Size: Laboratory scale
Primary Function: Research and Development, education and training
Description: This facility was one of the original components of the Institute when it was founded in 1948. As the research capabilities and the reputation of the laboratory grew, the nation's best scientists gathered here to master the analysis methods and neutron source production of uranium, thorium and other rare earth ore. These skills were fundamental to the research of the entire institute. Numerous groups became independent and created new laboratories after gaining original knowledge at this laboratory[4]. Equipment at this laboratory includes an electromagnetic isotope separator and CO2 laser that may be used to research uranium enrichment with the electromagnetic isotope separation techniques.
Name: Energoinvest Research and Development Center for Heat and Nuclear Engineering Institute for Thermal and Nuclear Energy (ITEN)
Location: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Subordinate to: Energoinvest
Size: Large organization
Primary Function: Engineering and producing components
Description: Founded in 1951, this is an affiliate section of the Energoinvest. The firm is the largest exporter of nuclear equipment in the former Yugoslavia. Energoinvest was known in the nuclear community as for producing steam separators for Soviet RBMK reactors. There has been speculation that this is a front company for purchasing equipment clandestinely.[5]
Name: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča
Other Names: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča Institute, Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences, (IBK): Institut Za Nuklearne Nauke Boris Kidric
Location: Vinča, 12 kilometers from Belgrade
Subordinate to: The Serbian Ministry of Science, Technology and Development
Size: Dozens of buildings containing research centers, departments, and laboratories.
Primary Function: Multidisciplinary scientific and engineering research
Description: In 1948 the Institute of Nuclear Sciences was founded as the Institute for Research on Structure of Matter to conduct nuclear research as a part of the Yugoslav Federal Nuclear Program.[6] This program was part of a project to develop nuclear weapons. Although, in the early 1980s Yugoslavia dismantled their nuclear weapons program, most of the infrastructure and technological knowledge required to support a weapons program remains intact at Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča.[7]
Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča is organized into 16 research departments, 3 centers, and import-export department, and a joint services unit. In total there are approximately 800 employees working at Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča, 400 of which are involved in research. Among others, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča's research departments include; the Department of Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics and Physics, Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, Department of Atomic Physics, Department of Physical Chemistry, Department of Electronics, Department of Physical Chemistry, Department of Thermal Engineering, and the Energy Center for Nuclear Technologies & Research (NTI).[8]
Beginning in the 1950s, scientists at Vinča spent fuel reprocessing and plutonium purification technologies. By the mid-1950s they had developed a laboratory scale facility, the hot laboratory, and experimented with the PUREX process.[9] These experiments included testing solvent extraction techniques for the recovery of uranium, and the co-ordination chemistry of uranium.[10] The hot laboratory was housed in two hot cells that were shielded with lead. These early experiments were performed in collaboration with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research located in Lillestrom, Norway. Much of the experimentation was performed at the Norway facility.[11] In 1965 scientists reported on their experiments to separate americium, thorium, and plutonium by anion exchange, and to purify and prepare americium and plutonium solutions based on the same process.[12] The status of the hot laboratory is not known.
In addition to other research performed at the institute, staff may have also conducted research in fuel fabrication at the Laboratory for Reactor Materials, and heavy water production at its Chemistry Division.[13]
Name: Institute of Physics
Location: Zemun, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Subordinate to: University of Belgrade
Size: 65 Faculty, 50 staff
Primary Function: Research
Description: The institute focuses primarily on research but also offers masters and doctorate degrees. Staff conduct research a wide range of physics including: Theoretical physics, experimental physics, quantum field theory, gravity, gauge theories, string theory, and high-energy nuclear collisions.[14]
Name: NUKLIN
Other Names: Business Association for Research, Development, and Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
Location: Belgrade
Size: Composed of eight of Yugoslavia's scientific and nuclear research institutes
Primary Function: Nuclear industry coordination and promotion
Description: NUKLIN was formed in January 1981 by eight members: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, the Rudjer Boskovic Institute, the Jozef Stefan Institute, the Institute for Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials Technology (Belgrade), Geoinsitute of Belgrade, Energoinvest S Iten Heat Engineering and Nuclear Technology Institute (Sarajevo, Rade Koncar S Electrical Engineering Institute of Zagreb, and the Golosko Zavd of Ljubljana. NUKLIN's main function appears to be nuclear industry coordination and promotion. Predrag Anastasijevic, who is a member of one of the subcommittees of the Federal Commission for Nuclear Energy of the Federal Executive Council, is the director of NUKLIN. NUKLIN has been involved in feasibility studies and planning for research and development and technology of the nuclear fuel cycle, particularly, for the front end of the cycle.[15]
Name: TESLA Scientific Center
Other Names:
Location: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
Subordinate to:
Size: laboratories and facilities
Primary Function: Research, education, training
Description: The TESLA Scientific Center was founded in 1996 as an association of institutions from countries in southeastern Europe, including Yugoslavia. The Center conducts fundamental and applied research in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science including the production and application of radioisotopes in the medical field. The center primary installation is the VYNCY cyclotron which was due to be completed in 1998. However, its status is not known.[16]
Name University of Belgrade
Other Names:
Location: Belgrade
Subordinate to: Ministry of Education (in Serbia)
Size: Numerous facilities and laboratories
Primary Function:
Description: The University of Belgrade has several nuclear related faculties and including the faculties of engineering, metallurgy, mining, physics, and physical chemistry. In addition, the university performs research in its Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, and the Institute of Physics. Students are also able to train at the Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Institute of Nuclear Sciences as a part of their PhD program.[17]
Name: University of Kragujevac
Location: Kragujevac
Subordinate to: Ministry of Education (in Serbia)
Size: numerous programs
Primary Function: Research and Development
Description: The University is comprised of several nuclear related programs including the faculty of science and department of physics. Their research includes experimental and theoretical physics, nuclear physics, low-energy, intermediate-energy and high-energy collisions, mathematical physics, and atomic physics.[18]
Name: University of Nis
Location: Nis
Subordinate to: Ministry of Education (in Serbia)
Size: 14 faculties
Primary Function: University, laboratory, or research organizations
Description: The University of Nis has several related faculties including the faculty of mechanical engineering, faculty of science & mathematics, and the faculty of technology. Each of these has related departments and laboratories.[19]
Name: University of Novi Sad
Location: Novi Sad, in the Northern Province of Vojvodina, Serbia
Subordinate to: Ministry of Education (in Serbia)
Size: 259,807 square meters, 13 faculties located in four cities
Primary Function: Research, education, training
Description: The University of Novi Sad includes the faculties of technology, and faculty of engineering, and the faculty of natural sciences and mathematics. It is also a cosponsor of the International School of Elementary Particle Physics.[20]
Name: University of Prishtina
Location: Prishtina
Subordinate to: Ministry of Education (in Serbia)
Size: 15 faculties
Primary Function: Research, education, training
Description: The University of Prishtina includes faculties of science and engineering.[21]
[1] The Center for Atomic and Subatomic Physics Homepage <http://www.phy.bg.ac.yu/~centar3/>.
[2] "Center for Nuclear Technologies and Research (NTI)," NTI homepage, updated 2003, <http://www.vin.bg.ac.yu/150/CenterNTI.htm>.
[3] "Institutes," Clinical Center of Serbia web page, Accessed on January 29, 2004, <http://www.kcs.ac.yu/index2.htm>; "Clinical Center of Serbia," Human-to-Human: Center for Humanitarian Relief for the Victims of War Against Yugoslavia, Accessed on January 29, 2004, <http://www.h2h.org.yu/ccs/>.
[4] "Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences," Federation of the Atomic Scientists, Updated May 29, 1999, <http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/serbia/facility/vinca.htm>.
[5] Andrew Koch, "Yugoslavia's Nuclear Legacy: Should We Worry?" The Nonproliferation Review, Spring/Summer 1997, <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol04/43/koch43.pdf>.
[6] "Vinča Institute," Vinča Institute homepage, updated 2003, (http://www.vin.bg.ac.yu/index_e.htm); Slobodan Nakicenovic, Nuclear Energy in Yugoslavia, (Beograd: Export Press, 1961), p. 33.
[7] "Well armed and Very Dangerous," Los Angeles Times, 4 April 1999. (http://cns.miis.edu/iiop/cnsdata).
[8] "Vinča Institute," Vinča Institute homepage, (http://www.vin.bg.ac.yu/index_e.htm)
[9] M. Susic, etal., "Separation of Uranium From Rare Earths and Some Other Elements by Extraction With Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate," Bulletin of the Boris Kidrich Institute of Nuclear Science, 1957, Vol. 7, p. 35-38; A. Tolic, "Laboratory Apparatus for Processing Uranium Fuel by Extraction I. Description of Apparatus," Tehnika, 1967, Vol. 22, p. 131-134.
[10] D. Grenij and B. Matkovij, "The Complexing of Tetravalent Uranium With Dialkylpyrophosphoric Acid," Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 1959, Vol. 12, p. 149-153.
[11] Z. Dizdar and D.H.W. den Boer, "Isolation of Plutonium by a Solvent Extraction Method," JENER-Report No. 45, 1956; Z. Dizdar and D.H.W. den Boer, "Purification of Plutonium by a Cation Exchanger," Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 1956, Vol. 3, p. 323-325; V. Dizdar, "The Use of Pulse Columns for the Separation of Uranium Fission Products and Plutonium," Tehnika, 1958, Vol. 2, p. 281-285.
[12] D. Cjieticanin and S. Ratkovic, Bulletin of Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Science, Belgrade 16, 1965, p. 233
[13] Andrew Koch, "Yugoslavia's Nuclear Legacy: Should We Worry?" The Nonproliferation Review, Spring/Summer 1997, <http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol04/43/koch43.pdf>.
[14] Institute of Physics website, <http://www.phy.bg.ac.yu/main.html>.
[15] Nada Stanic, "Yugoslavia Ponders Fuel Cycle Development; Blueprint Expected Some Time Next Year," Nuclear Fuel, Vol. 8, No. 23, November 7, 1983, via Lexis-Nexis; Nada Stanic, "Yugoslavs Look at Extensive Fuel Cycle R&D Program," Nuclear Fuel, Vol. 9, No. 13, June 18, 1984, via Lexis-Nexis.
[16] "What is the TESLA Scientific Center?" TESLA Center homepage, <http://tesla.rcub.bg.ac.yu/~vincy/vincy1.html>
[17] University of Belgrade Homepage, <http://www.bg.ac.yu/university/uni/index.html>.
[18]http://www.iaea.org/programmes/a2/
[19] University of Nis Homepage, <http://www.junis.ni.ac.yu/>.
[20] University of Novi Sad Homepage, <http://www.ns.ac.yu/stara/eng/prezentacija.html>.
[21] University of Prishtina Homepage, http://www.uni-pr.edu/.
 |
| |
Updated June 2004 |
|
|
