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Missiles
With respect to missiles, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, and North
Korea, among others, have benefited from foreign assistance. Sometimes assistance
was given deliberately by countries whose missile programs were more advanced.
Sometimes it was obtained through smuggling from other countries.
Chemical and Biological Weapons
The best-known cases of countries relying on foreign suppliers for help developing
chemical weapons (CW) or biological weapons (BW) are Egypt and Syria. Both
countries benefited from assistance from the Soviet Union. In addition, during
the 1980s and 1990s, Iraq, Iran, and, Libya imported extensive CW equipment
and CW-related chemicals (precursor
chemicals) from Western Europe.
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Further Reading:
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National Intelligence Council,
"Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through
2015" |
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CIA, Report
to Congress
on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass
Destruction |
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Carnegie Endowment, Rodney W. Jones and Mark G. McDonough, "Missile
Proliferation, 1995-1997," Tracking
Nuclear Nonproliferation: A Guide in Maps and Charts, 1998 |
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Anthony Cordesman, "WMD
in the Middle East: Regional Trends, National Forces, Warfighting Capabilities,
Delivery Options, and Weapons Effects" |
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