7.1 Multilateral Treaties & International Nonproliferation Regimes
Arms Control
Association, Treaties,
http://www.armscontrol.org/treaties/.
Eric H. Arnett, Nuclear Weapons after the Comprehensive Test Ban: Implications for Modernization and Proliferation (New York: Oxford University Press, February 1996).
Kathleen C.
Bailey, The
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: An Update on the Debate
(Fairfax, VA: National Institute for Public Policy, 2001),
http://www.nipp.org/Adobe/CTBT%20Update.pdf.
BASIC, The 1995 NPT
Review and Extension Conference,
http://www.basicint.org/nptcon95.htm.
Bernard B. Bechhoefer, "Negotiating the IAEA," in Bernard B. Bechhoefer,
ed., Postwar Negotiations for Arms Control (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, 1961), pp. 156-165.
Victor Bragin, John Carlson, and John Hill, "Verifying a Fissile Material
Production Cut-Off Treaty," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1998),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/61/bragin61.pdf.
John R.
Bolton, "The Biological Weapons Convention: Challenges and
Opportunities," January 11, 2002,
http://cns.miis.edu/cns/dc/011102.htm.
Seth Brugger,
“BWC Conference Suspended After Controversial End”,
Arms Control Today
(January/February 2002),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2002_01-02/bwcjanfeb02.asp.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/npp/pdf/CH11C.PDF.
Joseph Cirincione, ed., Repairing the Regime: Preventing the Spread of
Weapons of Mass Destruction (New York: Routledge, 2000).
Coalition to
Reduce Nuclear Dangers,
Congress and the CTBT:
Statements,
http://www.clw.org/coalition/ctcong.htm.
Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers, White House Fact Sheet on
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Safeguards, 1997,
http://www.clw.org/coalition/whsafeg.htm.
Committee on Technical Issues
Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
Technical Issues Related to the
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
(Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002),
http://books.nap.edu/books/0309085063/html/index.html. Zachary S. Davis, "The Convergence of Arms Control and Nonproliferation:
Vive la Difference," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Spring-Summer 1999),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/63/davis63.pdf.
Zachary S. Davis et al., Proliferation Control Regimes: Background and
Status (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress,
1995).
Piet de Klerk, "Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime: How Much Progress
Have We Made?" The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Winter 1999), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/62/dek62.pdf.
Piet de Klerk, The Role of the IAEA in Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation
and Nuclear Disarmament, http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/ionp/klerk.htm.
Sidney Drell,
“Stockpile Stewardship Under the CTBT:
‘It is Adequate to the Task’”,
Issue Brief
(December 2000),
http://www.clw.org/coalition/briefv4n20.htm.
Annabelle Duncan and Kenneth G. Johnson, "Strengthening the BWC: Lessons
from the UNSCOM Experience," The Nonproliferation Review 4 (Winter
1997), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol04/42toc.htm.
Lewis A. Dunn, "On Proliferation Watch: Some Reflections on the Past Quarter
Century," The Nonproliferation Review 5 (Spring-Summer 1998), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/53/dunn53.pdf.
David A. Fischer, Understanding Nuclear Non-Proliferation (Boulder,
CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001).
David A. Fischer, History of the IAEA: The First 40 Years (New York:
IAEA, 1997).
Randall Forsberg et al., Nonproliferation Primer: Preventing the Spread
of Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
1995).
Wendy Frieman, "New Members of the Club: Chinese Participation in Arms Control
Regimes, 1980-1995," The Nonproliferation Review 3 (Spring-Summer 1996),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol03/33/friema33.pdf.
Eldon V.C. Greenberg, The NPT and Plutonium: Application of NPT Prohibitions
to "Civilian" Nuclear Equipment, Technology and Materials Associated with
Reprocessing and Plutonium Use (Washington, D.C.: Nuclear Control Institute,
1993).
Jozef Goldblat, Arms Control: A Guide to Negotiations and Agreements
(Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications, 1994).
Bertrand Goldschmidt, "The Origins of the International Atomic Energy Agency,"
International Atomic Energy Agency Bulletin, August 1977, pp. 18-19.
Vipin Gupta and Frank Pabian, "Commercial Satellite Imagery and the CTBT
Verification Process," The Nonproliferation Review 5 (Spring-Summer
1998), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/53/gupta53.pdf.
International Atomic Energy Agency, Fact Sheet: Safeguards,
Non-Proliferation, and the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy,
http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/Periodicals/Factsheets/English/
safeguards-e.pdf.
International Atomic Energy Association,
Sixth NPT Review Conference,
http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/Press/Events/Npt/index.shtml.
Rebecca
Johnson, Implementation and Enforcement of Article VI of the NPT,
2000,
http://www.ieer.org/latest/nptjohns.html.
Ambassador Robert Joseph, The National Security Importance of the
Non-Proliferation Regime, 2000,
http://www.ndu.edu/ndu/centercounter/21MAR00.doc.
Alexander Kelle, "Assesing the First Year of the Chemical Weapons Convention,"
The Nonproliferation Review 5 (Spring-Summer 1998), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/53/kelle53.pdf.
Christian J. Kessler, Verifying Nonproliferation Treaties: Obligation,
Process, and Sovereignty (Washington D.C.: National Defense University
Press, 1995).
Daryl
Kimball, Analysis
of March 12 Helms Letter to Powell Calling for Repudiation of CTBT,
2001,
http://www.clw.org/coalition/helms031201.htm.
Lawyers Alliance for World Security, White Paper on the
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 2000,
http://www.lawscns.org/speeches/ctbt_whitepaper.pdf.
Paul Leventhal, IAEA's Safeguards Shortcomings: A Critique (Washington,
D.C.: Nuclear Control Institute, September 12, 1994).
David Lilienthal, IAEA Statute Conference Debates. IAEA/CS/OR.35 and IAEA/CS/OR.37,
A Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy (Washington,
D.C.: U.S.GPO, March 16, 1946).
Curtis H. Martin, "Lessons of the Agreed Framework for Using Engagement as
a Nonproliferation Tool," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1999),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/martin64.pdf.
Oliver Meier,
A Biological Weapons Protocol: Verification Lite?, 2001,
http://www.vertic.org/tnv/mayjune01/verificationlite.html. Mark Moher, "The Nuclear Disarmament Agenda and the Future of the NPT,"
The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1999), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/moher64.pdf.
James Clay Moltz, "Closing the NPT Loophole on Exports of Naval Propulsion
Reactors," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1998), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/61/cmoltz61.pdf.
Michael Moodie, The BWC Protocol:
A Critique
(Washington,
D.C.:Chemical and
Biological Arms Control Institute, 2001),
http://www.cbaci.org/protocolcritique.pdf.
Harald Müller, "Compliance Politics: A Critical Analysis of Multilateral
Arms Control Treaty Enforcement," The Nonproliferation Review 7 (Summer
2000).
National
Institute for Public Policy,
The Comprehensive Test Ban
Treaty: Few Benefits – Very High Costs,
http://nipp.org/3.php.
Nuclear Age
Peace Foundation, Arms Control and Disarmament Treaties,
http://www.nuclearfiles.org/ac/index.html.
OPANAL,
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones Around the World,
http://www.opanal.org/NWFZ/NWFZ%27s.htm.
John V. Parachini, "NGOs: Force Multipliers in the CWC Ratifiction Debate,"
in The Battle to Obtain U.S. Ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention
(Washington, D.C.: The Henry L. Stimson Center, July 1997),
http://stimson.org/cbw/pdf/op35.pdf.
John V. Parachini, "U.S. Senate Ratification of the CWC: Lessons for the
CTBT," The Nonproliferation Review 5 (Fall 1997), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/51/parach51.pdf.
Joseph F. Pilat and R.E. Pendley, 1995: A New Beginning for the NPT
(New York: Perseus Books, January 1995).
Programme for Promoting Nuclear Nonproliferation, Briefing Book Volume
I: The Evolution of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime, http://www.soton.ac.uk/~ppnn/bb1table.htm.
Programme for Promoting Nuclear Nonproliferation, Briefing Book Volume
II: The Evolution of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime, http://www.soton.ac.uk/~ppnn/bb2table.htm.
Tariq Rauf, "An Unequivocal Success? Implications of the NPT Review Conference,"
Arms Control Today (July/August 2000), http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_07-08/raufjulaug.asp.
Tariq Rauf, Mary Beth Nikitin, and Jenni Rissanen, Inventory of International
Nonproliferaiton Organizations and Regimes (Monterey, CA: Center for Nonproliferation
Studies, 2000), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/inven/inven2k.pdf.
Jenni
Rissanen, “BWC Review Conference Report”, Disarmament Diplomacy,
http://www.acronym.org.uk/bwc/index.htm. Greg D. Rowe, "Using Airborne Remote Sensing to Verify the CWC," The Nonproliferation
Review 3 (Spring-Summer 1996), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol03/33/rowe33.pdf.
Amy Sands and Michael Barletta, eds., Nonproliferation Regimes at Risk
(Monterey, CA: center for Nonproliferation Studies, November 1999).
Lawrence Scheinman, The International Atomic Energy Agency and World Nuclear
Order (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, October 1987).
John M. Shalikashvili, Letter to the
President and Report on the Findings and Recommendations Concerning
the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
2001,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/ctbtpage/ctbt_report.html.
Mark Smith, "On Thin Ice:
First Steps for the Ballistic Missile Code of Conduct",
Arms Control Today
(July/August 2002),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2002_07-08/smithjul_aug02.asp.
Stockholm International
Peace Research Institute, Draft International Code of Conduct
Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation,
http://projects.sipri.se/expcon/drafticoc.htm.
Jonathan B. Tucker, “Another Chance to Join In Is Wasted”,
International Herald Tribune, 7/30/01,
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/other/ihttuck.htm.
Jonathan B. Tucker and Amy Sands, "Averting Failure of the Biological Weapons
Nonproliferation Regime," Discussion paper prepared for Strategy Session on
"Coping with Nonproliferation Crises" (Washington, D.C.: Center for Nonproliferation
Studies, November 3-4, 1999), http://cns.miis.edu/research/mnsg/bwc.pdf.
Jonathan B. Tucker, "Converting Former Soviet Chemical Weapons Plants," The
Nonproliferation Review 4 (Fall 1996),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol04/41/tucker41.pdf.
Jonathan B. Tucker, "Verifying a Multilateral Ban on Nuclear Weapons: Lessons
from the CWC," The Nonproliferation Review 5 (Winter 1998), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/52/tucker52.pdf.
Joel Wit, "The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization: Achievements
and Challenges," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Winter 1999), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/62/wit62.pdf.
U.S. Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency, Adherence to and Compliance with Arms
Control Agreements, Reports from 1996 through 1998, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureau_ac/reports_ac.html.
U.S. Department
of State, U.S. Says Biological Weapons Protocol ‘Would Not Achieve Its
Objectives’, 2001,
http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/arms/stories/01072501.htm. U.S. General Accounting Office, Nuclear Nonproliferation: Uncertainties
with Implementing IAEA's Strengthened Safeguards System, July 1998.
University
of Bradford, Address by the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Group Ambassador Tibor Toth,
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/other/video/tt_addrs.htm.
University
of Bradford, BTWC
Review Conference Final Documents,
1998,
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/revconf/bw-revconf.htm.
University
of Bradford, Preventing Biological Warfare: Strengthening the Biological and
Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC),
2002,
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc.
University
of Bradford, The
Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) Database,
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/adhocgrp/bw-adhocgrp.
VERTIC, News Release:
Bioweapons Conference Fails,
2001,
http://www.vertic.org/current/bioconfails.html.
VERTIC, A Guide to Verification for Arms Control
and Disarmament,
http://www.vertic.org/veri_pamphlet.pdf.
Jean Pascal Zanders, "The CWC in the Context of the 1925 Geneva Debates,"
The Nonproliferation Review 3 (Spring-Summer 1996), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol03/33/zander33.pdf.
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7.2 Bilateral U.S.-Russian Treaties
Acronym
Institute, “China Missile Export & US Sanctions Announcements”, Disarmament
Diplomacy
(November 2000),
http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd52/52china.htm.
Acronym Institute, “Iraq Sees Beginning of End of Embargo”,
Disarmament Diplomacy (November 2000),
http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd52/52iraq.htm.
Alexander Altounian, "Why Russians Fear Missile Defense," Washington
Post, August 15, 2001, http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=
article&node=opinion&contentId=A12320-2001Aug14.
Arms Control
Association, “U.S. To End Limit on Russian Space Launches”,
Arms Control Today
(January/February 2001),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/briefsjanfeb01.asp.
Arms
Control Association, The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty,
http://www.armscontrol.org/documents/abmtreaty.asp.
Arms Control Association, Background
Information on the New Strategic Nuclear Reductions Treaty,
http://www.armscontrol.org/subject/spec/bushputin.asp. Arms Control Association, Fact Sheet: START III at a Glance, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/start3.asp.
Arms Control Association, Fact Sheet: The START/ABM Package at a Glance,
http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/pack.asp.
Peter Baker,
“Russia Signals Compromise Possible on ABM Treaty: U.S. Says It Will
Withdraw Unilaterally if No Agreement is Reached”,
Washington Post,
2001,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=
article&node=&contentId=A46200-2001Aug22.
Wade Boese,
"New Nuclear Accord Submitted to U.S., Russian Lawmakers,"
Arms Control Today
(July/August 2002),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2002_07-08/sortjul_aug02.asp.
Wade Boese,
"Russia Declares Itself No Longer Bound by START II,"
Arms Control Today
(July/August 2002),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2002_07-08/start2jul_aug02.asp.
George Bunn
& David Holloway, Arms Control Without Treaties: Rethinking U.S.-Russian Strategic
Negotiations in Light of the Duma-Senate Slowdown in Treaty Approval
(Stanford, CA: Center for International Security and Arms Control,
1998),
http://cisac.stanford.edu/docs/rum.pdf.
Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, Non-Proliferation Project, “Iran
Missile Sanctions,”
Proliferation Brief, Vol. 1
No. 10 (August
1998),
http://www.ceip.org/files/Publications/ProliferationBrief110.asp?p=8.
Michael Carriere, “The Economic Impacts of the 1998 Sanctions on
India & Pakistan”, Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1999),
http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/morrow64.pdf.
Center for Defense Information, Likely Nuclear Arsenals
Under the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (Moscow Treaty),
http://www.cdi.org/issues/nukef&f/database/startab.html. Center for Nonproliferation Studies, "Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention
(IPP)," Newly Independent States Nonproliferation Project, April 2000,
http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/forasst/doe/ipp.htm.
Center for Nonproliferation Studies, "The MPC&A Program in Russia," Newly
Independent States Nonproliferation Project, March 2001,
http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/forasst/doe/mpca.htm.
Emily Ewell Daughtry and Fred L. Wehling, "Cooperative Efforts to Secure
Fissile Material in the NIS," The Nonproliferation Review 7 (Spring
2000), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/71/ewell71.pdf.
Federation of
American Scientists, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty,
http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/abmt/index.html. Federation of American Scientists, Fact Sheet: Bilateral Destruction Agreement
(BDA), http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/bda/index.html.
Raymond Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations
from Nixon to Reagan (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1985).
Raymond Garthoff, The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and
the End of the Cold War (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1994).
John W.R. Lepingwell and Nikolai Sokov, "Strategic Offensive Arms Elimination
and Weapons Protection, Control, and Accounting," The Nonproliferation
Review 7 (Spring 2000), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/71/lep71.pdf.
Kenneth Luongo,
“The Uncertain Future of U.S.-Russian Cooperative Security”, Arms Control
Today (January/February 2001),
http://armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/luongojanfeb01.asp. Jack Mendelsohn, "Is Arms Control Dead?" Issues in Science and Technology
(Spring 2001), http://www.nap.edu/issues/17.3/mendelsohn.htm.
James Clay Moltz, "Introduction: Assessing U.S. Nonproliferation Assistance
to the NIS," The Nonproliferation Review 7 (Spring 2000), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/71/intro71.htm.
Clayton Mowry, Congressional
Testimony on U.S. Bilateral Space Launch Trade Agreements,
May 24, 2000,
http://www.house.gov/science/mowry_052400.htm.
Steven
Mufson & Eric Pianin, “Senate Puts Condition on Space Station Aid:
Bill Forbids Helping Russia Pay Its Share if Moscow Gives Missile
Technology to Iran”, Washington Post, 2000,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPlate/2000-02/25/
105l-022500-idx.html.
John Newhouse, Cold Dawn: The Story of SALT (New York: Holt, Rinehart,
and Winston, 1973).
Alexander A.
Pikayev, “ABM Treaty Revision: A Challenge to Russian Security”,
Disarmament Diplomacy, No.44 (March 2000),
http://www.acronym.org.uk/44abm.htm. John Pike, "Mutual Detargetting," Federation of American Scientists, Weapons
of Mass Destruction Project, http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/detarget/index.html.
William C. Potter and Fred Wehling, "Sustainability: A Vital Component of
Nuclear Material Security in Russia," The Nonproliferation Review 7
(Spring 2000), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/71/potweh71.htm.
Press Development Institute,
Press Conference with Alexander
Pikayev, Moscow Carnegie Center Official, on START Talks,
January 21, 2002,
http://www.carnegie.ru/english/media/2002/ap020121.htm.
Matt Rivers, "Fact Sheet:
Comparison of U.S.-Russia Nuclear Reduction Treaties,"
BASIC Notes
(July 8, 2002),
http://www.basicint.org/pubs/Notes/2002factsheet.htm.
Nikolai Sokov,
"No SORT of Verification,"
Trust & Verify
(July-August 2002),
http://www.vertic.org/tnv/julaug02/july_aug02.pdf. Nikolai Sokov, "START II Ratification: There's More than Meets the Eye,"
Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Newly Independent States Nonproliferation
Project, April 2000, http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/reports/start2.htm.
Strobe Talbott, Endgame: The Inside Story of SALT II (New York: Vintage
Books, 1979).
U.S.
Congress, Congressional Research Service,
Nuclear Arms Control: The
U.S.-Russian Agenda
(Washington, D.C.:
U.S.GPO, 2001),
http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/npp/pdf/usrussianuclearagenda.pdf.
U.S. Department of Defense,
Testimony by Secretary Donald
Rumsfeld for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Regarding the Moscow
Treaty, July 17, 2002,
http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/2002/s20020717-secdef1.html. U.S. Department of State, 1971 Agreement on Measures to Reduce the Risk
of Outbreak of Nuclear War between the United States of America and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/accident.html.
U.S. Department of State, 1972 Agreement between the Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics on the Prevention of Incidents on and over the High Seas, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/sea1.html.
U.S. Department of State, 1973 Agreement between the United States of
America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Nuclear
War, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/prevent1.html.
U.S. Department of State, 1987 Agreement between the United States of
America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Establishment of
Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (and Protocols thereto), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/nrrc1.html.
U.S. Department of State, 1988 Agreement between the United States of
America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Notifications of
Launches of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles and Submarine-Launched Ballistic
Missiles, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/balist1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1969-1972 Strategic Arms Limitation
Talks (SALT I), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/salt1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
(ABM), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/abmpage.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1972 SALT I Interim Agreement,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/interim1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1974 Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT),
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/ttbt1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1976 Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty
(PNET), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/pne1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet:1979 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
(SALT II), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/salt2-1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1988 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces
Treaty (INF), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/inf1.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1989 Wyoming Memorandum of Understanding,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/factsheets/wmd/cw/cwmou.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
I (START I), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/starthtm/start.html.
U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet: 1993 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
II (START II), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/starthtm/start.html.
U.S.
Department of State, Fact Sheet: Agreement Between The United States
Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics To Expand The
U.S.-USSR Direct Communications Link,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/hotexpa.html.
U.S.
Department of State, Fact Sheet: Agreement Between The United States
Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics on Measures
To Improve The U.S.A.-USSR Direct Communications Link,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/hotmoder.html.
U.S.
Department of State, Fact Sheet: Memorandum of Understanding on
Notifications of Missile Launches,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/mou_msllaunch.html.
U.S.
Department of State, Fact Sheet: START II Protocol and Letters on
Early Deactivation,
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/factsheets/wmd/nuclear
/start2/strtprot.html.
U.S. Department of State, 2000 Memorandum of Agreement Between the United
States of America and the Russian Federation on the Establishment of a Joint
Center for the Exchange of Data from Early Warning Systems and Notifications
of Missile Launches, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/moa_jdec.html.
U.S. Department of State, 1963 Memorandum of Understanding between the
United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Regarding
the Establishment of a Direct Communications Link (with Annex), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/hotline1.html.
U.S. Department
of State, Bush, Putin Announce Talks on Offensive, Defensive Weapons,
2001,
http://www.usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/arms/stories/01072219.htm. U.S. Department of State, Standing Consultative Commission Documents of
26 September 1997 [START-ABM Demarcation Documents], http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/factsheets/missdef/scc_page.html.
U.S. White House, Office of the
Press Secretary, President
Bush, Russian President Putin Sign Nuclear Arms Treaty,
May 24, 2002,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/05/20020524-10.html. Fred Wehling, "The Way Forward for U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Cooperation,"
Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Newly Independent States Nonproliferation
Project, April 2001, http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/reports/wehl.htm.
Jon Brook Wolfstahl, Cristina-Astrid Chuen, and Emily Ewell Daughtry, eds.,
Nuclear Status Report: Nuclear Weapons, Fissile Material, and Export Controls
in the Former Soviet Union 6 (Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace and Center for Nonproliferation Studies, June 2001), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/print/pdfs/nsr/status.pdf.
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7.3 Diplomacy, Sanctions, and Rewards
Acronym
Institute, “China Missile Export & US Sanctions Announcements”, Disarmament
Diplomacy
(November 2000),
http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd52/52china.htm.
Acronym
Institute, “Iraq Sees Beginning of End of Embargo”,
Disarmament Diplomacy
(November 2000),
http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd52/52iraq.htm.
Arms
Control Association, “U.S. To End Limit on Russian Space Launches”,
Arms Control Today (January/February 2001),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_01-02/briefsjanfeb01.asp.
Daniel Byman, "A Farewell to Arms Inspections," Foreign Affairs
(January/February 2000), pp. 119-132.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Non-Proliferation
Project, “Iran Missile Sanctions,” Proliferation Brief, Vol. 1
No. 10 (August 1998),
http://www.ceip.org/files/Publications/ProliferationBrief110.asp?p=8. Center for Strategic & International Studies, Unilateral
Economic Sanctions Project (Washington, D.C.: CSIS, 2001),
http://www.csis.org/html/sanctions.html.
Anthony M. Cordesman and Ahmed Hashim, Iraq: Sanctions and
Beyond (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International
Studies, 1997).
Federation of American Scientists, Intelligence Resource Program,
http://www.fas.org/irp/index.html.
Jozef Goldblat, Arms Control: A Guide to Negotiations and
Agreements (Oslo: International Peace Research Institute,
1996).
Yong-Sup Han, "North Korean Behavior in Nuclear Negotiations,"
The Nonproliferation Review 7 (Spring 2000), pp. 41-54.
Curtis H. Martin, "Lessons of the Agreed Framework for Using
Engagement as a Nonproliferation Tool," The Nonproliferation
Review 6 (Fall 1999), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/martin64.pdf.
Daniel
Morrow and Michael
Carriere, “The
Economic Impacts of the 1998 Sanctions on India & Pakistan”, Nonproliferation
Review 6 (Fall
1999),
http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/morrow64.pdf.
Steven
Mufson & Eric Pianin, “Senate Puts Condition on Space Station Aid:
Bill Forbids Helping Russia Pay Its Share if Moscow Gives Missile
Technology to Iran”, Washington Post, 2000,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPlate/2000-
02/25/105l-022500-idx.html.
Randy J. Rydell, "Giving Nonproliferation Norms Teeth: Sanctions
arid the NPPA," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Winter 1999),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/62/rydel62.pdf.
Thomas C. Schelling and Morton H. Halperin, Strategy and Arms
Control (New York: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985).
Leon V. Sigal, "Negotiating an End to North Korea's Missile-Making,"
Arms Control Today (June 2000), http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_06/nkjun.asp.
Henry D. Sokolski, Best of Intentions: America's Campaign
Against Strategic Weapons Proliferation (Westport, CT: Praeger,
2001).
Etel Solingen, "The Political Economy of Nuclear Restraint,"
International Security 19 (Fall 1994), pp.126-169.
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, United States Intelligence
Community, http://www.cia.gov/ic/icagen2.htm.
U.S.
Central Intelligence Agency, Deputy Director John E. McLaughlin, North Korea:
Engagement or Confrontation,
April 17, 2001,
http://www.odci.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/archives/2001
/ddci_speech_04172001.html.
U.S. Central
Intelligence Agency, National Intelligence Council,
North Korea’s Engagement –
Perspectives, Outlook, and Implications,
2001,
http://www.cia.gov/nic/pubs/conference_reports/nk_conference.html.
U.S.
Congress, Congressional Research Service,
Nuclear Sanctions: Section
102(b) of the Arms Export Control Act and Its Application to India &
Pakistan, 1999,
http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/npp/pdf/southasiasanctions.pdf.
U.S.
Congress, Congressional Research Service,
Pakistan Aid Cutoff: U.S.
Nonproliferation and Foreign Policy Considerations
(Issue Brief, December 1996),
http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/crs/90-149.htm.
U.S.
Department of State,
Press Briefing for
11/21/2000,
http://secretary.state.gov/www/briefings/0011/001121db.html.
U.S.
Department of State,
Testimony by Stuart E.
Eizenstat on the Use of Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool, July 1, 1999,
http://www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/1999/990701_
eizen_sanctions.html.
U.S. House
of Representatives,
The ILSA (Iran-Libya
Sanctions) Extension Act of 2001,
http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa72349.000/hfa72349_0.HTM.
U.S.
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Policy Toward Iraq,
2001,
http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/Hearings%20&
Prepared%20statements/sfrc3-1-01.htm.
U.S. Treasury Department, Office of Foreign Assets Control,
A Summary of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Trade Control
Regulations, http://www.treas.gov/ofac/t11wmd.pdf.
Jon B. Wolfsthal, Treaties &
Unilateral Steps: A Hybrid Approach to Nuclear Reductions &
Stability,
2000,
http://www.ceip.org/files/publications/treatiesunilateralsteps.asp?p=
8&PublicationID=559.
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7.4 Export Controls
David Albright, "Preventing Illegal Exports: Learning from
Case Studies Part I," Institute for Science and International
Security, Nuclear Export Controls Project, April 6, 2001,
http://www.isis-online.org/publications/expcontrol/albright1.html.
David Albright, "Preventing Illegal Exports: Learning from
Case Studies Part II," Institute for Science and International
Security, Nuclear Export Controls Project, April 6, 2001,
http://www.isis-online.org/publications/expcontrol/albright2.html.
Arms
Control Association, Fact Sheet: 1987 Missile Technology Control
Regime (MTCR),
http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/mtcr.asp.
Australia Group (AG),
http://www.australiagroup.net/.
Kathleen Bailey and Robert Rudney, eds., Proliferation and
Export Controls (Lantham, MD: University Press of America,
1993).
Michael Beck, "Reforming the Multilateral Export Control Regimes,"
The Nonproliferation Review 7 (Summer 2000), pp. 91-103.
Gary K. Bertsch, International Cooperation on Nonproliferation
Export Controls: Prospects for the 1990s and Beyond (Ann
Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1994).
Gary K. Bertsch, Richard T. Cupitt, and Takehiko Yamamoto,
U.S. and Japanese Nonproliferation Export Controls: Theory,
Description and Analysis (Lantham, MD: University
Press of America, 1995).
Gary K. Bertsch and Richard T. Cupitt, "Nonproliferation in
the 1990s: Enhancing International Cooperation on Export Controls,"
in Brad Roberts, ed., Weapons Proliferation in the 1990s
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995), pp.119-136.
Gary K. Bertsch and Steven Elliott-Gower, eds., Export Controls
in Transition: Perspectives, Problems, and Prospects (Charlotte,
NC: Duke University Press, January 1992).
Wade Boese,
“Putin Reaffirms Arms Sales, Nuclear Assistance to Iran”,
Arms Control Today
(April 2001),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_04/iran.asp.
Wyn
Q. Bowen, “U.S. Policy on Ballistic Missile Proliferation: The
MTCR’s First Decade (1987-1997),” The Nonproliferation Review
5 (Fall 1997),
http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/51/bowen51.pdf.
Center for International Trade and Security, 2001 National
Export Controls, http://www.uga.edu/cits/ttxc/nat_evals_2001.dwt.
Center
for International Trade and Security,
Evaluating and Reforming
the Export Control Regimes,
http://www.uga.edu/cits/ttxc/regime_eval.htm.
Center for
International Trade and Security,
Export Control Database,
http://www.uga.edu/cits/database/dbase.htm.
Center for
International Trade and Security,
Trends in Export Control
Regimes,
http://www.uga.edu/cits/ttxc/reg_eval_trends.htm.
Center for
Nonproliferation Studies,
Missile Technology Control
Regime (MTCR),
http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/china/mtcrorg.htm.
Center for Strategic and International Studies, Computer
Exports and National Security in a Global Era: New Tools for
a New Century (Washington, D.C.: CSIS, June 2001), http://www.csis.org/tech/computer_execsum.pdf.
Richard T. Cupitt and Yuzo Murayama, Export Controls in the
People's Republic of China, Status Report 1998 (Athens, GA:
Center for International Trade and Security, University of Georgia,
1998).
Richard T. Cupitt, Multilateral Nonproliferation Export
Control Arrangements in 2000: Achievments, Challenges, and Reforms,
Working Paper 1 (Washington, D.C: Henry L. Stimson Center, 2000),
http://www.csis.org/export/articles/cupitt.pdf.
Richard T. Cupitt, Reluctant Champions: U.S. Presidential
Policy and Strategic Export Controls (New York: Routledge
Press, 2000).
DCI
Nonproliferation Center,
Statement by Director
John A. Lauder on Russian Proliferation to Iran’s Weapons of
Mass Destruction and Missile Programs,
October 5, 2000,
http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/archives/2000
/lauder_WMD_100500.html.
Zachary Davis, "China's Nonproliferation and Export Control
Policies: Boom or Bust for the NPT Regime?" Asian Survey
35 (June 1995), pp. 587.
William K. Domke, "Proliferation, Threat, and Learning: The
International and Domestic Structures of Export Control," in
M. van Leeuwen, ed., The Future of the International Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Regime (Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1995).
Michael Eisenstadt, “Russian Arms and Technology Transfers to
Iran”, Arms Control Today (March 2001),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_03/eisenstadt.asp. Banning N. Garrett and Bonnie S. Glaser, "Chinese Perspectives
on Nuclear Arms Control," International Security 20 (Winter
1995/96), pp. 43-78.
Michael J. Green and Katsuhisa Furukawa, "New Ambitions, Old
Obstacles: Japan and Its Search For an Arms Control Strategy,"
Arms Control Today (July/August 2000), http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_07-08/japanjulaug.asp.
John Henshaw, The Origins of COCOM: Lessons For Contemporary
Proliferation Control Regimes (Washington, D.C.: Henry L.
Stimson Center, 1993).
Christoph Hoelscher and Hans-Michael Wolffgang, "The Wassenaar-Arrangement
Between International Trade, Non-proliferation, and Export Controls,"
Journal of World Trade 32 (February 1998), pp. 45-63.
Howard Lewis and Christopher A. Padilla, Export Controls
for a Post-Cold War World (Washington, D.C.: Economic Strategy
Institute, 1993).
Michael Lipson, "The Reincarnation of CoCom: Explaining Post-Cold
War Export Controls," The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Winter
1999), pp. 33-51, http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/62/lipson62.pdf.
Timothy V. McCarthy, “The Missile Technology Control Regime,” in
Amy Sands and Michael Barletta, eds., Nonproliferation
Regimes at Risk, Occasional Paper No. 3, Center for
Nonproliferation Studies (Monterey, CA: Center for
Nonproliferation Studies, 1999),
http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/opapers/op3/mccarthy.htm. Douglas McDaniel, United States Technology Export Control:
An Assessment (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993).
Boyd J. McKelvain, Breaking Down the Barricades: Reforming
Export Controls to Increase U.S. Competitiveness (Washington,
D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994).
Gary Millhollin, U.S. Exports to China 1988-1998: Fueling
Proliferation (Washington, D.C.: Wisconsin Project on Nuclear
Arms Control, April 1999).
Harald Müller and Lewis Dunn, Nuclear Export Controls
and Supply Side Restraints: Options for Reform (Southampton,
UK: University of Southampton, 1993).
Harald Müller and Janusz Prystrom, eds., Central European
Counties and Non-proliferation Regimes (Frankfurt: Peace
Research Institute Frankfurt, 1996).
Harald Müller, ed., Nuclear Export Controls in Europe
(Brussels: European Interuniversity Press, 1995).
National Academy of Sciences, Dual-Use Technologies and
Export Administration in the Post-Cold War Era: Documents from
a Joint Program of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington,
D.C.: National Academy Press, December 1994).
National Academy of Sciences, Panel on the Future Design and
Implementation of U.S. National Security Export Controls, Finding
Common Ground: U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment
(Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1991).
National Association of Manufacturers, Export Control Reform:
A Key to U.S. Export Success: Policy Recommendations (Washington,
D.C.: National Association of Manufacturers, June 1993).
National Research Council, Office of International Affairs,
Dual-Use Technologies and Export Administration in the Post-Cold
War Era (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994).
Kevin O'Neill, "Iraq's Efforts to Acquire Information about
Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear-Related Technologies from the United
States," Institute for Science and International Security, Nuclear
Export Controls Project (April 6, 2001), http://www.isis-online.org/publications/expcontrol/oneill.html.
Aleksandr Pikayev, Leonard S. Spector, and Elina Kirichenko,
Russia, the U.S. and the Missile Technology Control Regime,
Adelphi Papers 317, (London: International Institute for Strategic
Studies, May 1998).
William C. Potter, International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation
(Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990).
SIPRI, Export Control Project, http://projects.sipri.se/expcon/expcon.htm.
Benjamin N. Schiff, International Nuclear Technology Transfer: Dilemmas
of Dissemination and Control (New York: Littlefield, Adams
& Company, January 1984).
Fritz Schmidt, "The Zangger Committee: Its History and Future
Role," The Nonproliferation Review 2 (Fall 1994), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol02/21/schmid21.pdf.
Richard Speier, The Missile Technology Control Regime: Case
Study of a Multilateral Negotiation (Washington,
D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1995).
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,
Multilateral Military-Related Export Control Regimes,
http://projects.sipri.se/expcon/natexpcon/country_matrix.html. Tadeusz Strulak, "The Nuclear Suppliers Group," The
Nonproliferation Review 1 (Fall 1993), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol01/11/strula11.pdf.
Michael S. Swaine, and Alastair Iain Johnston, "China and Arms
Control Institutions," in Elizabeth Economy and Michel Oksenberg,
eds., China Joins the World: Progress and Prospects (New
York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1999), pp. 90-135.
Carlton E. Thorne, A Guide To Nuclear Export Controls
(Burke, VA: Proliferation Data Services, 1998).
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Unclassified Report to
Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to
Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional
Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2000, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/bian/bian_feb_2001.htm.
Alex Wagner, “Moscow Puts Hold on Transfer of Laser Isotope
Separator to Iran”, Arms Control Today (October 2000),
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_10/iranoct00.asp.
Wu Yun, "China's policies towards arms control and disarmament:
from passive responding to active leading," Pacific Review
9 (1996), pp. 577-606.
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7.5 Nonproliferation, Threat Reduction,
and Conversion Assistance Programs
Acronym
Institute, U.S.-Russia Arms Control Discussions,
January 15-16, 2002,
http://www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0201/doc07.htm.
Alliance
for Nuclear Accountability,
De-alerting Nuclear
Weapons, 2000,
http://www.ananuclear.org/dealertingweb.html.
Bruce G.
Blair, "De-Alerting Strategic Nuclear Forces," in
The Nuclear Turning Point: A
Blueprint for Deep Cuts and De-alerting of Nuclear Weapons,
ed., Harold A.
Feiveson (Washington,
D.C.: Brookings, 1999), pp. 101-28.
Bruce G.
Blair, "Where Would All the Missiles Go?",
Washington Post,
1996,
http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/views/op-ed/blair/19961015.HTM.
Bruce G.
Blair, Harold A.
Feiveson, Frank N.
von Hippel,
"Taking Nuclear Weapons Off Hair-Trigger Alert",
Scientific American
(November 1997),
http://www.sciam.com/1197issue/1197vonhippel.html.
Oleg Bukharin, Matthew Bunn, and Kenneth N. Luongo, Renewing
the Partnership: Recommendations for Accelerated Action to Secure
Nuclear Material in the Former Soviet Union (Princeton,
NJ: Russian American Nuclear Security Advisory Council, August
2000).
Matthew Bunn, The Next Wave: Urgently Needed New Steps to
Control Warheads and Fissile Material (Washington, D.C.:
Harvard University Project on Managing the Atom and Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, April 2000).
Ashton B. Carter, William J. Perry, and John D. Steinbruner,
A New Concept of Cooperative Security (Washington, D.C.:
The Brookings Institution, 1992).
Center
for Nonproliferation Studies, Chemical & Biological Weapons
Nonproliferation Program,
Demilitarization,
http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw/demil.htm.
Anatoli Diakov
& Eugene Miasnikov, Breaking the
Deadlock: Confidence-Building Measures Could Accelerate the Nuclear
Weapons Reduction Process
(Moscow: Center for Arms Control, Energy, & Environmental Studies,
1998),
http://www.armscontrol.ru/start/publications/nvo0911.htm.
Jim
Garamone, "Early Warning Center to Avert Y2K-Induced False Nuclear
Alert", Air Force News, 1999,
http://www.af.mil/news/Mar1999/n19990301_990324.html.
Igor Khripunov and George W. Parshall, "U.S. Assistance to
Russian Chemical Weapons Destruction: Identifying the Next Steps,"
The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1999), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/64/krip64.pdf.
Linda D. Kozaryn, U.S. & Russia
Will Share Early Warning Missile Launch Data,
1999,
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/bmdo-99j.html.
Michael M.
May, ed. The Cox
Committee Report: An Assessment
(Stanford: Center for International Security and Arms Control,
1999),
http://cisac.stanford.edu/docs/cox.pdf.
James Clay Moltz et al., "Special Report: Assessing U.S. Nonproliferation
Assistance to the NIS," Nonproliferation Review 7 (Spring
2000), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/71toc.htm.
PBS Frontline, Russian Roulette: Should the U.S. & Russia
De-Alert Their Nuclear Forces?, 1999,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/russia/debate/comments.html.
Alexander A. Pikayev, On Nuclear
Disarmament and Non-Proliferation: Yes or No?
(Carnegie Moscow Center, 2000),
http://pubs.carnegie.ru/english/briefings/2000/default.asp?n=issue05-00.asp.
William C. Potter, "The 'Sapphire' File: Lessons For International
Nonproliferation Cooperation," Transition, 17 November 1995.
Nancy Prindle, "U.S.-China Lab-to-Lab Technical Exchange Program,"
The Nonproliferation Review 5 (Spring-Summer 1998), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol05/53/prindl53.pdf.
William Prozdiak,
"Putin
Urges Joint Missile-Warning Center",
Washington Post,
2000,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPlate/
2000-06/17/120l-061700-idx.html.
Joseph
Rotblat, Pugwash and the Nuclear Issue, 2001,
http://www.pugwash.org/reports/nw/nw13d.htm.
Glenn E. Schweitzer, Experiments in Cooperation -- Assessing
U.S.-Russian Programs in Science and Technology (New York:
Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1997).
John M. Shields, and William C. Potter, eds., Dismantling
the Cold War : U.S. and NIS Perspectives on the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative
Threat Reduction Program (Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1997).
Leonard Spector, "Missing the Forest for the Trees," Arms
Control Today (June 2001), http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_06/specjun01.asp.
U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Cooperative Threat
Reduction Scorecard, February 2000, http://www.dtra.mil/ctr/ctr_score.html.
U.S. Department of Defense, News Briefing for 5/31/94 on
Missile Detargeting,
http://www.fas.org/irp/news/1994/8690221-8693415.htm.
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation,
Material Protection Control & Accounting Program,
http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/forasst/doe/mpca.htm.
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation,
Nuclear Cities Initiative Program,
http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/forasst/doe/closcity.htm.
U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary of Energy Advisory Board,
Russia Task Force, (Howard Baker, Lloyd Cutler, Co-Chairs),
A Report Card on the Department of Energy's Nonproliferation
Programs with Russia, January 10, 2001.
U.S. General Accounting Office, Nuclear Nonproliferation:
Security of Russia's Nuclear Materials Improving; Further Enhancements
Needed, February 2001, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01312.pdf.
U.S. General Accounting Office, Weapons of Mass Destruction:
U.S. Efforts to Reduce Threats from the Former Soviet Union,
March 6, 2000, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/fetchrpt?rptno=T-NSIAD/RCED-00-119.
U.S. White House, Office of the Press Secretary, Press
Briefing by Senior Administration on Early Warning System
Agreement, 6/4/00,
http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/New/Europe-0005/briefings/
20000604-1603.html. Kathleen Vogel, "Ensuring the Security of Russia's Chemical
Weapons: A Lab-to-Lab Partnering Program," The Nonproliferation
Review 6 (Winter 1999), http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/62/vogel62.pdf.
Fred Wehling, "The Way Forward for U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation
Cooperation," Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Newly Independent
States Nonproliferation Project, April 2001, http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/reports/wehl.htm.
Jon Brook Wolfstahl, Cristina-Astrid Chuen, and Emily Ewell
Daughtry, eds., Nuclear Status Report: Nuclear Weapons, Fissile
Material, and Export Controls in the Former Soviet Union (Washington
D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Center
for Nonproliferation Studies, June 2001), http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/print/pdfs/nsr/status.pdf.
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7.6 Deterrence and Counterproliferation
Roger W. Barnett, “What Deters? Strength, Not Weakness”,
Naval War College Review (Spring 2001),
http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2001/Spring/art2-sp1.htm. Robert D. Blackwill and Ashton B. Carter, "The Role of Intelligence,"
in Robert Blackwill and Albert Carnesale, eds., New Nuclear
Nations: Consequences for U.S. Policy (New York: Council
on Foreign Relations Press, 1993).
Bernard Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age (Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959).
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Counter-Proliferation
Debate, (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, November 17, 1993).
Mario Carranza, “An Impossible Game: Stable Nuclear Deterrence
After the Indian & Pakistani Tests”, Nonproliferation
Review 6 (Spring/Summer 1999),
http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/63/carran63.pdf. Ashton B. Carter and Celeste Johnson, "Beyond the Counterproliferation
Initiative to a Revolution in Counterproliferation Affairs,"
National Security Studies Quarterly (Summer 1999),
pp. 83-90.
Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monitoring Proliferation
Threats Program, Reported Conventional Weapon Attacks in
NBC Facilities in the Middle East, 1999,
http://cns.miis.edu/research/wmdme/preempt.htm. James DeNardo, The Amateur Strategist: Intuitive Deterrence
Theories and the Politics of the Nuclear Arms Race (Cambridge,
U.K.: Cambridge University Press, September 1995).
Jeff Elrich, "Bunker Busting Bomb Promotes U.S. Discord,"
Defense News (February 24-March 2, 1997), http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/bunker.htm.
James FitzSimonds, "Intelligence and the Revolution in Military
Affairs," in Roy Godson, Ernest R. May, and Gary Schmitt,
eds., U.S. Intelligence at the Cross-Roads: Agenda for
Reform (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1995).
Lawrence Freedman, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981).
Lawrence Freedman, "Does Nuclear Deterrence Have a Future?"
Arms Control Today (October 2000), http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_10/detoct00.asp.
Alexander L. George and Richard Smoke, Deterrence in American
Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (New York: Columbia
Univ. Press, 1974).
Frank Gibson Goldman, The International Legal Ramifications
of United States Counter-Proliferation Strategy (Newport,
RI: Center for Naval Warfare Studies, April 1997).
Margaret Gowing, Independence and Deterrence: Britain
and Atomic Energy: 1945-52 (London: Macmillan, 1974).
Thomas Graham and Leonor Tomero, "NATO & Negative Security
Assurances," Disarmament Diplomacy (August 2000), http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd49/49nato.htm.
Commander Robert Green,
Deterring War
Responsibly: Better, Lawful Alternatives to Trident,
1998,
http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/98.06/trident.html.
Morton
H. Halperin, “Defining ‘Eliminating Nuclear Weapons’”,
Disarmament Diplomacy, No. 19 (October 1997),
http://www.acronym.org.uk/19zero.htm.
Peter Hayes, ed., Countering the Proliferation and Use
of Weapons of Mass Destruction (New York: McGraw Hill,
1998).
Robert Joseph, “The Case for Nuclear Deterrence Today”,
Orbis (Winter 1998),
http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m0365/n1_v42/20632366/p1/
article.jhtml. Donald Kagan, On the Origins of War and the Preservation
of Peace (New York: Anchor Books Doubleday, 1996).
Guarav Kampani,
“From Existential to Minimum Deterrence: Explaining India’s
Decision to Test”,
Nonproliferation
Review 6
(Fall 1998),
http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol06/61/kampan61.pdf.
Terrence Kelly, "An Organizational Framework for Homeland
Defense," Parameters (Autumn 2001), http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01autumn/Kelly.htm.
Thomas G. Mahnken, "A Critical Appraisal of the Defense Counterproliferation
Initiative," National Security Studies Quarterly (Summer
1999), pp. 91-102.
Arjun Makhijani,
“A Legacy Lost”,
Bulletin of Atomic
Scientists
(July/August 1998),
http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1998/ja98/ja98makhijani.html.
Harald Müller and Mitchell Reiss, "Counterproliferation:
Putting New Wine in Old Bottles," Washington Quarterly
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