On April 3, 2007, Uzbekistan ratified the CANWFZ treaty. The first session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2010 NPT Review Conference is held from April 30 to May 11 in Vienna, Austria. The PrepCom adopts an agenda on May 8th when the lone holdout Iran consents to revised language. Iran had objected to language in the originally proposed agenda "reaffirming the need for full compliance with the Treaty" because it believed this language only targeted alleged noncompliance by Iran rather than the possible noncompliance by any non-nuclear or nuclear weapons state. Iran agrees to the agenda with the addition of a footnote stating that the members understand "the reference in the agenda to ‘reaffirming the need for full compliance with the Treaty’ to mean that it will consider compliance with all the provisions of the Treaty."

On July 27 2007 the United States announces that it has reached agreement with India on the terms governing the U.S. supply of nuclear equipment and technology. Under the agreement, which still requires congressional approval, the United States would help India to find a supply of nuclear fuel even if India were to test another nuclear weapon. Critics charge that this gives India a better deal than countries who have signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); India has never signed the NPT.