Membership: 15, including five permanent members (also known as the "P-5"): China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States and 10 non-permanent members that serve two-year rotating terms.permanent members that serve two-year rotating terms. During 2012 those members are: Azerbaijan, Colombia, Germany, Guatemala, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, and Togo. The presidency of the council rotates monthly, according to the English alphabetical listing of its member states.

Functions: Under Article 26 of the UN Charter, in order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee, plans to be submitted to the UN members for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.

Compliance: Under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, Article 39, the Security Council can determine a "threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and may recommend, or decide what measures to take, whether economic, political, or use of force, to maintain or restore international peace and security."

The UNSC has established two committees that act under Chapter VII of the UN Charter: the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) and the 1540 Committee.

The CTC prepares a preliminary implementation assessment (PIA) that provides an overview of the counter-terrorism situation in each Member State, which are then used to survey each country's implementation of Resolution 1373 (2001). Since 2005, CTC has been carrying out on-site visits to follow up on countries' implementation of the resolution and to determine what type of assistance a State may need to implement the resolution. The UNSC oversees the work of the Committee and hears briefings from the Committee Chairman at open meetings.

The 1540 Committee is charged with imposing binding obligations on States to establish controls to prevent non-State actors from "developing, acquiring, manufacturing, possessing, transporting, transferring or using nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their delivery systems."

In 1991, the Security Council imposed sanctions on Iraq with Resolution 687 (1991) until Iraq was fully in compliance with its obligations under all relevant resolutions, treaties, and agreements to disarm its weapons of mass destruction. These sanctions were reinforced by Resolution 1441 (2002) which gave Iraq a "final opportunity to comply" with its disarmament obligations.

In 1993, the UNSC was notified that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) was in non-compliance with its nuclear safeguards agreement (INFCIRC/403). Although the DPRK announced its withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), negotiations with the United States suspended the referral of non-compliance. However, in 2003 when the DPRK re-announced its withdrawal, the lack of compliance for safeguards and NPT obligations was again formally referred to the UNSC.

In February of 2006, after the breakdown of talks between the European 3 (Great Britain, France, and Germany) and Iran, the IAEA Board of Governors voted on a resolution calling for Iran's referral to the Security Council. As of July 2010, UNSC has passed six resolutions demanding that Iran comply with the requirements of the IAEA Board of Governors and imposing sanctions for noncompliance.

A number of States, particularly those belonging to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), have disputed the use Resolution 1887,of the UNSC for norm creation. With the use of Chapter VII and the power of the Permanent 5, NAM is cautious about the infringement on sovereign decisions. For example, when NAM judged that the Movement's positions were not adequately reflected in NAM representatives insisted that references to UNSCR 1887 be excluded from the draft resolutions of the UNGA First Committee and the Final Document of the 2010 NPT Review Conference.

Developments in the Security Council

2012: On 1 January, Azerbaijan, Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan and Togo began their two-year terms as non-permanent members of the UNSC.

On 1 February, the Arab League called upon the UNSC to adopt a resolution to support the League’s attempts to end the violence in Syria. Russian statements signaled that it would veto any draft resolution aimed at removing the incumbent regime in Syria.

On 4 February, a draft resolution proposed to the Security Council was vetoed by China and Russia. The rest of the Council voted in favor of the resolution, which backed the Arab League plan aimed at stopping the violence in Syria. Both China and Russia claimed a violation of Syria’s sovereignty as their basis for vetoing the resolution.

On 13 February, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights voiced her concern for the future of Syria. Specifically, she stated that the UNSC’s inaction has emboldened the regime to act even more oppressively against the Syrian people.

On 4 April, the US Ambassador to the United Nations, who is currently head of the Security Council, indicated that there would likely be action taken if North Korea undertakes a third nuclear test.

On 16 April, the President of the UNSC issued a statement condemning the satellite launch by the DPRK.

On 19 April, the President of the UNSC issued a statement entitled “Maintenance of international peace and security,” reaffirming that proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems constitute a threat to international security.

On 4 May the President of the UNSC issued a statement discussing the challenges the world faces at the hands of terrorists.

On 29 June, the President of the UNSC issued a statement condemning the ongoing attacks and continuing violations of the international humanitarian law carried out by the Lord’s Resistance Army in the Central African region.

On 31 August, the President of the UNSC issued a statement welcoming the progress made by Sudan and South Sudan in negotiations to fulfill their obligations under the Resolution 2046.

On 26 September, the President of the UNSC issued a statement encouraging the League of Arab States to “contribute their collective efforts in settling conflicts peacefully in the Middle East.” The UNSC seeks a comprehensive resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict and reaffirms the importance of the Arab Peace Initiative.

On 19 October, the President of the UNSC issued a statement condemning the military and other destabilizing activities of the 23 March Movement and demanded the cessation of all forms of violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

2011: On 18 March, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1973, establishing a "no-fly zone" over Libya and to "take all necessary measures" to protect civilians within the state from "threat of attack," excluding a "foreign occupation force of any form on any part of Libyan territory." The adoption followed several news reports warning that Libya's Muammar Qaddafi may use chemical and biological weapons against rebel forces, which led some to question the reliability of such reports.

On 20 April, the UNSC unanimously adopted Resolution 1977, extending the mandate of the 1540 Committee for an additional 10 years until 2021. It also mandated a comprehensive review of the status of implementation of UNSCR 1540 after five years and just before the expiration of the mandate.

On 16 May, the UNSC heard briefings from three committees dealing with al Qaeda and the Taliban, counter-terrorism, and the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. Ambassador Baso Sangqu, Chairman of the 1540 Committee, notified the committee's continued awareness efforts on the revised procedures for processing assistance requests for adherence to Resolution 1540 (2004).

On 18 May, the UNSC adopted Resolution 2048, imposing a travel ban on leaders of the coup in Guinea-Bissau and demanded immediate steps to restore the constitutional order.

On 9 June, the IAEA referred Syria to the UNSC for its reported non-compliance with its Safeguards Agreements with the IAEA.

On 9 June, the UNSC passed Resolution 1984, extending the mandate of the Panel of Experts (set forth by Resolution 1929) for one year. The body is responsible for assisting in monitoring state adherence to sanctions against Iran due to its nuclear activities.

On 10 June, the UNSC passed Resolution 1985, extending the mandate of the Panel of Experts (set forth by Resolution 1874) for one year. The body is responsible for assisting in monitoring state adherence to sanctions against North Korea due to its nuclear and ballistic missile activities.

On 17 June, the UNSC passed Resolution 1988 and Resolution 1989, splitting the Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions list established by Resolution 1267 (1999) into two separate entities.

On 28 July, the UNSC passed Resolution 2001, reaffirming the need for improved security and governance in Iraq and stressing the importance of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq.

On 21 October, the General Assembly elected Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan, and Togo to hold two-year seats on the UNSC from January 2012 to December 2013.

On 24 October, the General Assembly elected Azerbaijan to hold a two-year seat on the UNSC from January 2012 to December 2013.

On 21 December, the UNSC adopted Resolution 2028, noting that the situation in the Middle East is tense, and that a comprehensive settlement covering all aspects of the Middle East problem is needed to resolve the tension.

2010: On 26 February, the UNSC stated the possibility of lifting trade sanctions on Iraq as a result of the steps taken by the Iraqi government to support the international non-proliferation regime and their adherence to global disarmament standards. The trade sanction set out in its resolutions 678 (1991) and 707 (1991) were imposed on Iraq following Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and included restrictions related to weapons of mass destruction and civil nuclear activities.

On 4 March, the Security Council committee monitoring the implementation of sanctions on Iran issued statements that explored options garnering an effective response to Iran's repeated violations of UNSC resolutions.

On 7 June, the UNSC passed Resolution 1928 strengthening sanctions against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). The resolution extended by one year the previously passed resolution mandating an expert body for managing UN sanctions on the DPRK. The UNSC also urged all UN bodies to provide the committee with any information pertaining to the implementation of previous resolutions.

On 9 June, the UNSC passed Resolution 1929 imposing a new round of sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The resolution calls again on Iran to suspend enrichment activities and comply with other requirements of the IAEA Board of Governors and previous UNSC resolutions. States are called upon to inspect all cargo going to and from Iran suspected of containing prohibited materials and items and to cooperate in inspections on the high seas. Furthermore, States can seize and dispose of materials and items the supply or transfer of which is prohibited by current and previous UNSC resolutions on Iran. The resolution additionally blocks Iran's access to the international financial system by prohibiting states from providing financial services such as insurance or reinsurance and developing new banking ties with Iran, including the establishment of new branches of Iranian banks or joint ventures, that could contribute to nuclear proliferation activities. The resolution also directs the Secretary-General to establish a panel of experts for an initial period of one year to support the Iran Sanctions Committee (established pursuant to Resolution 1737) and to monitor states' implementation of the sanctions.

On 13 October, the General Assembly elected Colombia, Germany, India, Portugal and South Africa to hold two-year seats on the UNSC from January 2011 to December 2012.

On 15 December the UNSC passed Resolution 1957 that lifts sanctions that were imposed on Iraq regarding weapons of mass destruction, missile, and civil nuclear-related programs. The resolution also urges Iraq to ratify the IAEA Additional Protocol to the Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as soon as possible. Aditionally, the resolution establishes a review will occur in one year that will examine Iraq's commitments to the IAEA and the Chemical Weapons Convention.

2009: On 10 March, the UNSC heard a briefing from the committee monitoring sanctions against Iran regarding prior Resolutions 1737, 1747, and 1803.

On 13 April, the UNSC condemned the recent rocket launch by the DPRK and called for peace of the Korean Penninsula. The UNSC also stated that the 5 April launch was in violation of Resolution 1718, which demanded that DPRK refrain from any further nuclear testing of ballistic missile launches.

On 12 June, in response to the DPRK's apparent nuclear test of 25 May, the UNSC unanimously passed Resolution 1874. The resolution condemned "in the strongest terms" the DPRK's nuclear test, and demanded that the DPRK stop all nuclear and missile-related activities. It tightened the sanctions implemented under Resolution 1718 to include "all arms and related materiel, as well as to financial transactions, technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of such arms or materiel," with the exception of small arms and light weapons. It called on UN member states to inspect "all cargo to and from the DPRK" if they had any reason to believe that its content was weapon-related, as well as to stop providing any financial assistance to the DPRK not for humanitarian or developmental purposes.

The DPRK, which had previously declared that any sanctions against it would be regarded as an "act of war," issued a response stating that it would "wea-ponize" all of its available plutonium and begin enriching uranium. A DPRK Foreign Ministry official said in a statement that "it has become an absolutely impossible option for North Korea to even think about giving up its nuclear weapons."

On 15 June, the Secretary General renewed his appeal to all states that have not yet done so to adhere to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which has still not entered into force over a decade after it opened for signature.

On 6 July, the UNSC condemned the reported ballistic missile tests conducted by the DPRK on 4 July, stating they violate Council resolutions and pose a threat to regional and international security. Council members reiterated that the DPRK must comply with its obligations under all resolutions, including Resolution 1874, which was adopted unanimously last month in response to Pyongyang's recent nuclear test..

On 16 July, the UNSC imposed sanctions on five companies and five individuals in connection with the nuclear test carried out by the DPRK in May.

On 31 July, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon urged greater progress towards achieving a world free of nuclear weapons. Mr. Ban highlighted his own five-point plan to achieve the goal of a nuclear-weapon-free world.

On 11 September, the United States released its draft UNSC Resolution on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Disarmament to the Security Council's permanent five member states. The draft was subject to adjustments until the UNSC summit on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear disarmament on 24 September.

On 11 September, Ambassador Maged Abdelaziz of Egypt sent identical letters to the President of the Security Council and UN Secretary-General on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The letters, transmitted in relation to the 24 September summit, contained excepts from the Final Declaration of the NAM Summit held in July in Cairo, outlining the NAM positions on nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation.

On 24 September, the UNSC held a summit-level meeting on nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation chaired by U.S. President Barack Obama in New York. President Obama is the first U.S. president to preside over a Security Council session. Resolution 1887 was adopted unanimously by the Council and is the first comprehensive action taken on nuclear issues since the mid-1990s. This resolution calls on States to sign and ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty (CTBT) and the IAEA Additional Protocol. In addition, it promotes the negotiation in the Conference on Disarmament (CD) of a treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons and calls for the universalization of the NPT, the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials (CPPNM) and its 2005 Amendment, and the Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism.

On 17 December the UNSC adopted measures to modify the decade-old sanctions imposed on Al-Qaida, Osama bin Laden and the Taliban. The new measures considered the establishment of an ombudsperson to mediate requests from individuals, organizations, and companies to be removed from the sanctions list.

2008: On 3 March, the Council adopted Resolution 1803 imposing a new round of sanctions against Iran for refusing to suspend uranium enrichment and to close down its heavy water facility. The preambular paragraphs of the resolution affirm the importance of states' compliance to NPT obligations and stressed the importance of resolving the Iranian nuclear issue and realizing the objective of a Middle East free of weapons of mass destruction. It also expressed concern over Iran's non-implementation of Security Council resolutions.

The resolution furthermore welcomed the agreement between Iran and the IAEA to resolve all outstanding issues concerning Iran's nuclear program and progress made in this regard. It also requested Iran to take immediate steps mandated by the IAEA Board of Governors in its resolution GOV/2006/14. The resolution required all states to exercise "vigilance and restraint" in denying entry or transit of individuals who could assist Iran's nuclear program and nuclear weapon delivery systems. It further extends the freeze of the financial assets of persons or entities supporting Iran's nuclear program and nuclear-weapon delivery systems.

The Security Council on 20 March adopted Resolution 1805 extending the mandate of the Counter-Terrorism Committee Directorate until 31 December 2010. The resolution affirms the Counter-Terrorism Committee's (CTC) decision to support the recommendations contained in the revised "Organizational plan for the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (S/2008/80)." It also required the CTC to submit an annual report on the implementation of the 1805 resolution.

On 25 April, the unanimous adoption of Resolution 1810 extended the mandate of the 1540 Committee for an additional three years and called for a comprehensive review of the status of implementation. The Security Council emphasized the need to enhance ongoing cooperation between the 1540 Committee, the CTC, and the Al-Qaida and Taliban sanctions committee.

On 27 September, the Security Council passed Resolution 1835 calling upon Iran to fulfill without delay its obligations under Resolutions 1737, 1747, and 1803.

2007: On 25 March, the UNSC unanimously passed Resolution 1747 tightening economic and political sanctions on Iran for its refusal to halt uranium enrichment. While South Africa, Qatar, and Indonesia proposed amendments, including a South African proposal for a 90-day "time out" to allow more time for negotiations with Iran, no significant amendments were made to the resolution. In addition to measures related to Iran's nuclear program, the resolution also includes a conventional arms embargo affecting organizations such as the Iranian Revolutionary Guard.

Iran continued to insist that its nuclear activities were in compliance with the NPT and continued to call into question both the legitimacy of the UNSC and the legality of the resolution.

The resolution calls for a report from the IAEA within 60 days on whether Iran has complied with the resolution's demands.

In May 2007, the IAEA submitted its report, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The report deals with the developments since the IAEA Director General's report of 22 February 2007 on the implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant Security Council resolutions by Iran. The report stated that the Agency was able to verify the non-diversion of declared nuclear material in Iran, but maintains its inability to verify the scope and nature of Iran's nuclear program. In this regard, the report noted that as long as the long-standing issues are resolved and Iran implements the Additional Protocol, the Agency would not be able to determine the history of Iran's nuclear program.

On 29 June 2007, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1762 which terminated the mandate of UNMOVIC under the relevant resolutions.

In November 2007, the IAEA submitted its report, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006) and 1747 (2007) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The report discussed the status of implementation of the working plan the Agency had concluded with Iran to resolve the outstanding issues related to its nuclear program. The report stated that while the Agency was able to verify the past activities pertaining to the centrifuge program it continues to seek further information to verify the completeness of Iran's declarations. It further stated that Iranian nuclear activities related to enrichment and heavy water is contrary to the relevant UN Security Council resolutions. It also urged Iran to implement the Additional Protocol to enable the Agency to assure the international community of the peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program.

The Security Council on 10 December 2007 adopted Resolution 1787 extending the mandate of the CTC until 31 March 2008.

2006: On 29 March, the Security Council agreed on a presidential statement that called upon Iran to suspend all uranium enrichment-related and reprocessing activities. This statement marks the first time that the Security Council has directed Iran to address international concerns over its nuclear program. The council unanimously approved the statement requesting the IAEA director-general to report within 30 days on Iran's compliance with its demands. The statement was issued after a flurry of negotiations among the Permanent Five. While there seemed to be agreement among the United States, the United Kingdom, and France regarding approaches to the Iranian issue, including strong support for sanctions under Chapter VII, China and Russia voiced their opposition to such action and stressed more diplomatic means to resolving the issue.

On 28 April, the IAEA director-general submitted a report to the Security Council pursuant to the 29 March presidential statement in which he detailed the IAEA's findings on the implementation of safeguards in Iran.

On 27 April, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1673 (2006) thereby extending the mandate of the 1540 Committee by another two years until 27 April 2008. The Council endorsed several of the recommendations made by the 1540 Committee, including the requirement of Resolution 1540 and the importance of all states to fully implement the resolution; the call for all states that have not yet presented a first report on steps they have taken or intend to take to implement Resolution 1540 to submit such a report to the 1540 Committee without delay; and the decision that the 1540 Committee shall intensify its efforts to promote the full implementation by all states of Resolution 1540 through a work program, which includes the compilation of information on the status of states' implementation of all aspects of the resolution, including outreach, dialogue, assistance, and cooperation. According to the resolution, the work program should address in particular all aspects of paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of Resolution 1540, which encompasses (a) accountability, (b) physical protection, (c) border controls and law enforcement efforts, and (d) national export and trans-shipment controls, including controls on providing funds and services such as financing to such export and trans-shipment, and in that regard, the pursuit of the ongoing dialogue between the 1540 Committee and states on the full implementation of the resolution are needed, including further actions needed from states to that end and on technical assistance needed and offered. Resolution 1673 also invited the 1540 Committee to explore experience-sharing and lessons learned in the areas covered by Resolution 1540 with states and international, regional, and sub-regional organizations. The final recommendation in the resolution asks the 1540 Committee to submit to the Security Council a report no later than 27 April 2008 on compliance with Resolution 1540.

On 15 July, acting "under its special responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and stability," the Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution imposing sanctions on North Korea for its ballistic missile program, while also condemning Pyongyang's missile tests that occurred on 5 July. Resolution 1695 requires all UN member states to stop imports and exports of any material or funds relating to the DPRK's missile programs or WMD. It also demands North Korea "suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile program," and to re-establish a moratorium on the launching of missiles.

On 31 July, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1696, in which it expressed its serious concern over the continued inability of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to provide assurances about Iran's undeclared nuclear material and activities after more than three years. The council demanded that Iran suspend all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development, and set a deadline (31 August 2006) for Iran to do so or face the possibility of economic and diplomatic sanctions. The council expressed its conviction that such suspension, as well as full, verified Iranian compliance with the IAEA Board of Governor's requirements, would contribute to a diplomatic, negotiated solution that guaranteed Iran's nuclear program was for exclusively peaceful purposes. The council also endorsed the proposals of China, France, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, with the support of the European Union's high representative, for a long-term comprehensive arrangement, which would allow for the development of relations with Iran based on mutual respect and the establishment of international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program. The resolution was adopted under Chapter VII with a vote of 14 in favor to 1 against (Qatar).

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea conducted a nuclear test on 9 October, 2006. In response, the Security Council passed Resolution 1718 acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter condemning the test and mandating that "all Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK of any materials relating weapons of mass destruction programs, including the immediate freezing of funds or other financial assets and economic resources which are being engaged in or providing support for, including through other illicit means, DPRK's nuclear-related, other weapons of mass destruction-related and ballistic missile related programs.

On 23 December, after months of threatening action, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1737, imposing sanctions on Iran for refusal to verifiably suspend uranium enrichment and reprocessing, and allow for further IAEA inspections and the resumption of negotiations. The resolution gave Iran 60 days to suspend "suspect activities" to the satisfaction of the IAEA.

2005: During the first nine months of 2005, the Security Council seized itself of threats to international peace and security caused by instabilities in a number of countries around the world as well as by terrorist acts. Significant resolutions included Resolution 1583 in January on the situation in the Middle East, which extended the mandate of United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) through 31 July, 2005, and re-affirmed the pressing need "to achieve, a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace" in that region. In July, resolution 1614 further extended the mandate of UNIFIL through 31 January, 2006.

Resolution 1611, passed in July, again re-affirmed the role and position of the CTC in ending threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, and condemned the terrorist bombings carried out in London on 7 July.

On 29 July, acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the Security Council passed Resolution 1617. The resolution focuses on Al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, the Taliban, and associated individuals and groups, and reinforces the "Consolidated List" of suspected individuals and entities as created by Resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1455 (2003) by requiring states to freeze assets, to prevent entry into or transit through said states, and not to supply arms and related materials to any person or entity on the list. The resolution further broadens the scope of the Consolidated List by deciding that any person or group participating in the financing, planning, facilitating, preparing, or perpetrating of acts or activities by, in conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf of, or in support of; supplying, selling or transferring arms and related materiel to; recruiting for; or otherwise supporting acts or activities of al-Qaeda, Usama bin Laden, or the Taliban, indicate that they are "associated with" Al-Qaeda, Usama bin Laden or the Taliban. It also extended the mandate of the New York-based Monitoring Team that assists the committee established pursuant to Resolution 1267 for an additional 17 months.

During the Security Council Summit 2005 in September, the UNSC passed Resolution 1624, which calls upon states to adopt measures to further restrict terrorist acts, including prohibiting by law "incitement to commit a terrorist act or acts."

2004: During the month of January, the Security Council focused on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, the situation in the Middle East, the Western Sahara, the Democratic People's Republic of the Congo, and Georgia. Two significant resolutions were passed: Resolution 1525 on the situation in the Middle East, and Resolution 1526 on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. Resolution 1525 focused on the UNIFIL in support of the territorial integrity, sovereignty, and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized boundaries. The council further stressed the importance of, and the need to achieve, a comprehensive just and lasting peace in the Middle East. Resolution 1526 focused on the role of states, international bodies, and regional organizations in efforts to act under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations to combat threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. This resolution centered around meeting the specific threat of Al-Qaeda and members of the Taliban and any individuals, groups, undertakings, or entities associated with them, by freezing their funds and other financial assets and economic resources. The council urged all states and relevant international, regional, and subregional organizations to become more directly involved in capacity-building efforts and to offer technical assistance in areas identified in consultation with the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC).

During the month of March, the UN Security Council reaffirmed the role and position of the CTC in the global effort to fight terrorism. In the aftermath of the 11 March, 2004 terrorist bombings in Madrid, delegates to an international conference on terrorism in Vienna adopted the "Vienna Declaration," which acknowledges the need to give help to a large number of UN Member States to implement the provisions of Security Council Resolution 1373 and the 12 anti-terrorism treaties.

That landmark resolution, adopted in the wake of the 11 September 2001 terror attacks against the United States, established the CTC and called on member states to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism, refrain from providing any support to entities or persons involved in terrorist acts, and deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support, and commit such acts.

On 28 April, the UN Security Council unanimously approved Resolution 1540 by a vote of 15-to-0 to keep chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons out of the hands of terrorists. The resolution seeks to address the threat of weapons of mass destruction being used by non-state actors. It calls on all 191 UN members to draw up legislation and strengthen laws to prevent terrorists and black market agents from being able to "manufacture, acquire, possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery." The resolution asks countries to report on their compliance within six months, and it establishes Security Council monitoring for two years. It also recognizes that some countries may require assistance in implementing the provisions of this resolution within their territories and invites states in a position to do so to offer assistance as appropriate in response to specific requests from states lacking the legal and regulatory infrastructure, implementation experience, and resources to fulfill the provisions of the resolution. The measure seeks to criminalize the spread of weapons of mass destruction and to ensure that all countries have strong export controls and are taking steps to secure sensitive materials within their borders.

2003: The Security Council met several times during the first few months of 2003, most notably with regard to the situation in Iraq. During this time, the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) and the IAEA submitted regular reports of their inspections in the country. The council passed two resolutions that pertained specifically to this region, Resolutions 1461 and 1483. Resolution 1461, adopted on 30 January 2003, addressed "the importance of, and the need to achieve, a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East."

On 7 March 2003, the executive chair of UNMOVIC, Dr. Hans Blix, reported that "no underground facilities for chemical or biological production or storage were found" in Iraq at that time. Referring to Resolution 1284, which called on the Security Council to "address unresolved disarmament issues and to identify key remaining disarmament tasks," Blix noted that "a sustained inspection and monitoring system [was] to remain in place after verified disarmament to give confidence and to strike an alarm if signs were seen of the revival of any proscribed weapons programs." At the same meeting on 7 March, IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaredei also submitted his report to the Security Council noting that the agency had "conducted a total of 218 nuclear inspections at 141 sites" and had found "no indication of resumed nuclear activities...nor any indication of nuclear-related prohibited activities at any inspected sites." In the weeks that followed, members of the Security Council voiced different views on the disarmament process and no consensus was reached on the use of force to disarm the country. Intense debate in the council between several delegations, most notably the United States and France, concluded in mid-March as negotiation on Iraq failed to bring about consensus. On 17 March 2003, the council ordered inspectors from the IAEA and UNMOVIC to withdraw from the country as "Operation Iraqi Freedom," led by coalition forces from the United States and United Kingdom, began.

Resolution 1483, adopted 22 May 2003, confronted the situation between Iraq and Kuwait. It reaffirmed the importance of the disarmament of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and of eventual confirmation of the disarmament of Iraq. It also lifted all trade, financial, and economic sanctions against the country established by prior UN resolutions.

The council noted a letter of 8 May 2003 from the "Permanent Representatives of the United States of America and the United Kingdom to the President of the Security Council" (S/2003/358) that recognized the specific authorities, responsibilities, and obligations under applicable international law of these states as occupying powers under unified command. The resolution also called upon the authority and relevant organizations to continue efforts to locate, identify, and repatriate all Kuwaiti and third-state nationals as well as the Kuwait archives; the previous Iraqi regime had failed to undertake these efforts. The resolution also "vested the occupation forces in Iraq with broad powers in accordance with international law and international conventions" and included powers to search for weapons of mass destruction as well as new forms and methods of work done by UNMOVIC in Iraq. This resolution reaffirmed that Iraq had to meet its disarmament obligations in the aftermath of "Operation Iraqi Freedom." It encouraged the United Kingdom and the United States to keep the council informed of their activities in this regard, and underlined the intention of the Council to revisit the mandates of UNMOVIC and the IAEA as set forth in Resolutions 687 (1991), 1284 (1999), and 1441 (2002).

The council passed two other significant resolutions in addition to Resolution 1483: Resolutions 1472 and 1476. These resolutions call for the termination of the Oil for Food Program and request that the UN transfer $1 billion to the Development Fund for Iraq (DFI) as soon as possible. They also call on international financial institutions to assist in the reconstruction and development of Iraq and welcome creditors to seek a solution to Iraq's debt problems.

During the month of October, the Security Council focused its discussion primarily on the Middle East and Afghanistan. Two significant resolutions were passed, Resolution 1510 on expanding the role of the international effort in Afghanistan, and Resolution 1511 calling for a strengthening of the UN's "vital role" in Iraq.

On 5 October, it held a special emergency meeting to address an Israeli air strike against Syria.

With respect to the situation in Iraq, the council held an important meeting on 15 October at which it unanimously called for "power to be returned to the Iraqi people as soon as practicable." Through Resolution 1511 (2003), and under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council underscored the temporary nature of the Coalition Authority and determined that the Governing Council of Iraq embodied the sovereignty of that state until the establishment of a representative government was founded and assumed the responsibilities of the Coalition Authority.

The council urged member states and international financial institutions to make substantial pledges at the 23-24 October 2003 International Donors Conference in Madrid. It resolved that the UN should strengthen its vital role in Iraq by providing humanitarian assistance, promoting the economic reconstruction of and conditions for sustainable development in Iraq, and advancing efforts to restore and establish national and local institutions. The council further authorized a multinational force under unified command to take all necessary measures to contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq, including for the purpose of ensuring necessary conditions for the implementation of the timetable and program as well as to contribute to the security of the United Nations Assistance Mission for humanitarian and economic infrastructure.

In addition to the meetings on Iraq, the council met to discuss the situation in the Middle East between Palestine and Israel as well as Afghanistan. It called on the international community to assist the parties in the Middle East conflict to commit to confidence-building measures to stop the ever-worsening violence. With respect to Afghanistan, the council addressed the fundamental, structural causes of insecurity that remained unresolved. It noted that the trend toward targeting civilian personnel supported the view that the United Nations must also be seen as a target in the ongoing terrorist threats made by forces benefiting from instability in the country.

2002: On 8 November, the council unanimously adopted Resolution 1441, holding Iraq in "material breach" of its obligations under previous resolutions, and decided to afford it a "final opportunity to comply" with its disarmament obligations, while setting up an enhanced inspection regime. The council also decided it would convene immediately upon the receipt of any reports from inspection authorities that Iraq was interfering with their activities and recalled repeated warnings by the council that Iraq would face "serious consequences" as a result of continued violations. UNMOVIC and the IAEA would have "immediate, unimpeded, unconditional and unrestricted access" to any sites in Iraq, including presidential sites.

On 25 November, the first inspectors arrived in Baghdad. On 7 December, one day before the deadline set by Resolution 1441, Iraq handed over to the United Nations the required declaration "of all aspects of its programmes to develop chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, ballistic missiles and other delivery systems." The executive chair of UNMOVIC, Hans Blix, and the director general of the IAEA, Mohamed ElBaradei, briefed the council in closed consultations on their initial assessment of the declaration and progress of inspections on 19 December.

2001: On 28 September, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1373, which established the CTC. In Resolution 1373, the UNSC called on all states to exchange information on the threat posed by the possession of WMD by terrorist groups, and to adhere to and implement relevant terrorism conventions. It noted with concern the close connection between international terrorism and illegal movement of nuclear materials. It called on states to report to the CTC on the implementation of Resolution 1373.

1998: The Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution S/1172 on 6 June in response to nuclear tests by India on 11 and 13 May and by Pakistan on 28 and 30 May. The resolution called on the two countries to refrain from further nuclear tests, to halt their nuclear weapon programs, and to join both the NPT and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The resolution also implicitly denied the countries their claimed nuclear-weapon-state (NWS) status.

1995: On 11 April, the Security Council adopted by consensus Resolution 984, which updated the security assurances announced by the NWS on 5-6 April 1995. It goes farther than Resolution 255 (1968) in that it recognizes that the non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS) parties to the NPT want the Security Council, and more specifically the NWS, to act quickly should such states be the victim of an act of nuclear aggression. The new resolution also urged all states to pursue in good faith effective measures relating to nuclear disarmament and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.

1992: According to the Summit Declaration adopted by the Security Council on 31 January, the proliferation of all WMD constitutes a threat to international peace and security. The members of the council committed themselves to working to prevent the spread of technology related to the research on or production of such weapons and to taking appropriate action to that end. They emphasized the integral role in the implementation of the NPT of fully effective IAEA safeguards, as well as the importance of effective export controls. They would take appropriate measures in the case of any violations brought to their attention by the IAEA. They recognized the importance of all states providing all the information called for in the General Assembly's resolution on the UN register of arms transfers.

1968: On 19 June 1968, the Security Council adopted Resolution 225 which recognized that aggression with nuclear weapons or the threat of such aggression against a NNWS would create a situation in which the council, and above all its NWS permanent members, would have to act immediately in accordance with their obligations under the UN Charter; welcomed the intention expressed by certain states that they will provide or support immediate assistance, in accordance with the charter, to any NNWS party to the NPT that is a victim of an act or an object of a threat of aggression in which nuclear weapons are used; and reaffirmed the inherent right, recognized under Article 51 of the charter, of individual and collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a UN member, until the council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.

Sanctions Committees:

The Sanctions Committees are charged with monitoring the implementation of council-established sanctions.

UNSC Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC):

Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 adopted in 2001, this ad hoc committee consists of all 15 Council members, and seeks to monitor implementation of this resolution with the assistance of appropriate expertise. The current chair of the committee is Ambassador Hardeep Singh Puri of India.

Under Resolution 1373 (2001), countries are requested to implement the following measures with the intention of enhancing their legal and institutional ability to counter terrorist activities domestically, regionally and globally: criminalize financing of terrorism, freeze funds related to people involved in acts of terrorism, deny financial support for terrorist groups, suppress the safe haven, sustenance or support for terrorists, share information with other governments about groups practicing or planning terrorist acts, cooperate with other governments in the investigation, detection, arrest, extradition and prosecution of those involved in such acts, and criminalize active and passive assistance for terrorism in domestic law and bring violators to justice. The resolution also calls on all States to become parties to all the relevant international counter-terrorism legal instruments.

Under Resolution 1535 (2004), the Security Council established the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) to further assist the work of the Committee and thus to strengthen States' capacity to combat terrorism. CTED's mandate was extended until the end of 2010 by Resolution 1805 (2008).

CTED is comprised of approximately 40 staff members divided between two offices: Assessment and Technical Assistance Office (ATAO) and Administrative and Information Office (AIO). The ATAO is further divided in three geographical clusters that enable experts to specialize in specific regions. In addition to the two offices, five technical groups work across ATAO identifying issues regarding technical assistance, terrorist financing, border control, arms trafficking and law enforcement, legal issues, extradition and mutual legal assistance, and issues raised by Resolution 1624. In September 2005, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 on incitement to commit acts of terrorism, calling on UN Member States to prohibit it by law, prevent such conduct, and deny safe haven to anyone "with respect to whom there is credible and relevant information giving serious reasons for considering that they have been guilty of such conduct."

In addition to calling on States to continue international efforts to enhance dialogue and broaden understanding among civilizations, the Council directed the Committee to include in its own dialogue with countries their efforts to implement Resolution 1624 (2005).

From 7-10 September 2009, the 9th Annual International Conference on Global Terrorism was held in Herzliya, Israel.

From 19-21 April 2011, the CTC held a Special Meeting at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, France to discuss the prevention of terrorism, including aspects of SC Resolutions 1373 (2001), 1624 (2005) and 1963 (2010).

UNSC 1540 Committee:

Established with a two-year mandate pursuant to Resolution 1540 (April 2004), this committee consists of all 15 members of the Security Council. It is charged with monitoring the implementation of the resolution, which seeks to prevent terrorist acquisition of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery systems, and related materials, with the assistance of appropriate expertise. Its activities include examining national implementation reports, coordinating technical assistance to those countries requesting help in implementing the resolution, and conducting outreach and profile building around the work of the committee. The current chair is Ambassador Baso Sangqu of South Africa.

The first report of the 1540 Committee to the Security Council was submitted on 27 April 2006. After considering the report, the Security Council in Resolution 1673 extended the mandate of the committee by two years and decided that the committee should intensify its efforts to promote the full implementation of the resolution.

In April 2008, the Security Council unanimously voted to extend the mandate of the 1540 Committee for an additional 3 years by adopting Resolution 1810. The resolution required the 1540 Committee to submit a second report to the Security Council no later than 31 July and to complete a comprehensive review of implementation by 31 January 2009. The Committee submitted its second report on 8 July, at which point 155 countries and one organization had submitted at least one report. 102 countries had also submitted additional information. A third report was due by 24 April, 2011. The comprehensive review of the status of the implementation of Resolution 1540 occurred at an open meeting held from 30 September — 2 October, 2009.

On 31 January 2010 the results of the review were published, finding that nearly 160 Member States have reported their capabilities and gaps in stopping the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and that cooperation has significantly increased between states through the coordination of the 1540 Committee.

On 20 April 2011, the Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1977, extending the mandate of the 1540 Committee for an additional 10 years until 2021. The resolution requires that the 1540 Committee undergo a comprehensive review after five years and just before the expiration of mandate. It also establishes an eight-member group of experts to assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate and encourages countries to increase cooperation with the 1540 Committee.

On 25 April 2011, chairman of the 1540 Committee Baso Sangqu sent a letter to the UN Security Council, informing that the report of the Committee will be submitted by 24 May 2011.

Organs Established by the Security Council

1. Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) (1999-2007):

   UNMOVIC was established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1284 (17 December, 1999) to undertake the responsibilities of the former United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM). UNMOVIC is mandated to establish a reinforced, ongoing monitoring and verification system, address unresolved disarmament issues, and assume UNSCOM's assets, liabilities, and archives.

   Resolution 1284 was adopted by a vote of 11 in favor to none against, with 4 abstentions (China, France, Malaysia, and the Russian Federation). It required the suspension and lifting of sanctions against Iraq under certain conditions. Once UNMOVIC and the IAEA reported Iraq's cooperation in all respects with the reinforced monitoring system for a period of 120 days, the sanctions would be suspended for 120 days, renewable by the council. If at any time the executive chair of UNMOVIC or the director-general of the IAEA reported that Iraq was not cooperating, or if Iraq was in the process of acquiring any prohibited items, the economic sanctions would be reimposed. According to the resolution, the government of Iraq would be liable for costs incurred by UNMOVIC and the IAEA for their work in Iraq.

   On 27 January 2000, the UN secretary-general appointed Hans Blix (Sweden) to be the executive chair of UNMOVIC; he served through June 30, 2003. The executive chair reports every three months on the work of UNMOVIC.

   The secretary-general was also asked to appoint experts to a College of Commissioners for UNMOVIC, to meet regularly to review the implementation of relevant council resolutions and advise the executive chair. The commissioners were named by the secretary-general in March 2000, as follows: Abigun Ade Abiodun (Nigeria), Reinhard Böhm (Germany), Ronald Cleminson (Canada), Cong Guang (China), Therese Delpech (France), Robert Einhorn (United States), Yuriy V. Fedotov (Russian Federation), Kostyantyn Gryshchenko (Ukraine), Gunterio G. Heineken (Argentina), Hannelore Hoppe (United Nations-Department of Disarmament Affairs), Takanori Kazuhara (Japan), Roque Monteleone-Neto (Brazil), Annaswamy Narayana Prasad (India), Marjatta Rautio (Finland), Paul Schulte (United Kingdom), and Cheikh Sylla (Senegal).

   UNMOVIC's inspectors were withdrawn from Iraq in March 2003, though it maintains work in connection with those parts of its mandate that fall outside of Iraq, and preserves a certain amount of readiness to resume work in Iraq.

   On 1 July 2003, the secretary-general of the United Nations appointed Mr. Demetrius Perricos (Greece) as acting executive chair of UNMOVIC. There are more than 300 experts on its roster, and the entity continues to respond to requests for training.

   Members of the College of Commissioners as of September 2005 included: Adigun Ade Abiodun (Nigeria); Reinhard Böhm (Germany); Ronald Cleminson (Canada); Thérèse Delpech (France); Yuriy V. Fedotov (Russian Federation); Gunterio G. Heineken (Argentina); Hannelore Hoppe (United Nations - Department for Disarmament Affairs); Yongshou Lu (China); Takanori Kazuhara (Japan); Roque Monteleone-Neto (Brazil); Olga Pellicer (Mexico); Annaswamy Narayana Prasad (India); Stephen G. Rademaker (United States); Anatoliy Scherba (Ukraine); Cheikh Sylla (Senegal); and Bryan Wells (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).

   On 29 June 2007, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1762 which terminated the mandate of UNMOVIC under the relevant resolutions.

   Point of Contact:

   Website: http://www.unmovic.org/

2. Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) (1991-1999):

   UNSCOM was established pursuant to Paragraph 9(b)(I) of UNSC Resolution 687 (3 April 1991), for the purposes of eliminating Iraq's capabilities vis-à-vis WMD and ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 km, and ensuring that Iraq does not reacquire these capabilities. In the nuclear area, UNSCOM provided assistance and cooperation to the IAEA. Both UNSCOM and the IAEA had extensive rights that enabled them to fulfill the mandate, emanating from Resolution 687 and elaborated upon in the exchange of letters between the UN Secretary-General and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq in May 1991. Their rights also originated in UNSC Resolutions 707 and 715 (1991), which require the destruction, removal, and rendering harmless of Iraq's capabilities proscribed by the UNSC, and provide for the long-term monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with Security Council resolutions.

   By the end of 1998, UNSCOM had fielded more than 250 inspection missions. In its operations, it had uncovered elements of Iraq's biological weapons program, advanced chemical weapons capabilities, and missile production facilities. Among other things, it had destroyed 48 operational long-range missiles, 14 conventional missile warheads, 30 chemical missile warheads, 690 tons of chemical weapons agent, the Al-Hakam biological weapons facility, and other biological weapons production equipment and materials. [View a comprehensive list of UNSCOM's achievements.]

   On 2 March 1998, the Security Council issued Resolution S/1154 stating it was determined to ensure immediate and full compliance by Iraq without conditions or restrictions with its obligations under Resolution 687 (1991) and the other relevant resolutions. In addition, S/1154 endorsed the memorandum of understanding signed by the deputy prime minister of Iraq and the UN secretary-general on 23 February 1998 (S/1998/166), in which procedures for the inspection of presidential sites were outlined in consultation with UNSCOM and the IAEA. On 9 September, the Security Council condemned Iraq's decision of 5 August 1998 to suspend cooperation with UNSCOM and the IAEA, a development it considered as a contravention of the memorandum signed in February. The resolution (S/1194) also demanded full cooperation and reiterated the Security Council's intention to ensure full compliance by Iraq with all the previous resolutions' obligations. On 5 November, another resolution (S/1205) condemned the 31 October decision by Iraq to cease cooperation with UNSCOM and demanded that Iraq rescind both its decisions of 5 August and 31 October. The Security Council demanded that Iraq cooperate with UNSCOM and the IAEA immediately, completely, and unconditionally. However, following several more weeks of non-compliance, the Special Commission withdrew its staff from Iraq on 15 December 1998. The Security Council sought new ways to re-establish a cooperative relationship with Iraq, including plans for renewed monitoring and verification. Three panels were established in order to focus on the main issues surrounding Iraq: disarmament and current and future ongoing monitoring and verification issues, humanitarian issues, and prisoners of war and Kuwaiti property.

   View the semi-annual reports of the commission.

   The bulk of UNSCOM's expenses were met directly by supporting governments in the form of contributions in kind of personnel, supplies, and equipment. Operational expenses were met from cash contributions made from various countries and from unfrozen Iraqi assets made available to the UN. Security Council Resolution 986 of 1995 allowed for some funds from the sale of Iraqi oil to be used to meet UNSCOM operating costs. The cash requirements of the commission totaled approximately $25-30 million per year.

   The Special Commission consisted of 21 members: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, and Venezuela.

   UNSCOM had offices in New York, Bahrain, and Baghdad.

   Richard Butler (Australia) completed his two-year tenure as executive chair of the commission on 30 June 1999. Deputy Executive Chairman Charles A. Duelfer (U.S.) served as officer-in-charge until UNMOVIC was established. On 17 December 1999, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1284 replacing UNSCOM with UNMOVIC.

3. UNSC Military Staff Committee:

   Under Article 47 of the UN Charter, this committee can potentially advise and assist the Security Council on the maintenance of international peace and security, and on the regulation of armaments and possible disarmament. The committee has, however, never been constituted.

List of sanctions relating to nonproliferation and disarmament:

Resolution 1887 (2009), maintenance of international peace and security: Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament.

Somalia

Resolution 733 (1992), general and complete arms embargo on Somalia;

Resolution 751 (1992), an arms embargo on Somalia;

Resolution 1356 (2001), exceptions to the arms embargo on Somalia;

Resolution 1725 (2006), exceptions to the arms embargo on Somalia;

Resolution 1744 (2007), exceptions to the arms embargo on Somalia;

Resolution 1844 (2008), individual targeted sanctions (travel ban, assets freeze) on Somalia;

Resolution 1846 (2008), exemption to the arms embargo for efforts to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia;

Resolution 1851 (2008), additional exemptions on arms embargo for efforts to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia.

Sierra Leone

Resolution 1132 (1997), an arms embargo on Sierra Leone;

Resolution 1171 (1998), an arms embargo on non-state actors and a travel ban in Sierra Leone.

Al-Qaida and the Taliban

Resolution 1267 (1999), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on Al-Qaida and the Taliban;

Resolution 1333 (2000), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1390 (2002), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1455 (2003), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1526 (2004), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1617 (2005), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1735 (2006), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1822 (2008), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on any individual or entity associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban;

Resolution 1904 (2009), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban that apply to designated individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and/or the Taliban wherever located.

Resolution 1988 (2011), stipulates that the sanctions list dealing with the Taliban (pursuant to Resolution 1267) will be known as the "Taliban Sanctions List."

Resolution 1989 (2011), stipulates that the sanctions list dealing with Al-Qaida (pursuant to Resolution 1267) will be known as the "Al-Qaida Sanctions List."

Iraq

Resolution 1483 (2003), assets freeze and transfer measures on individuals and entities in Iraq

Resolution 1518 (2003), an arms embargo and financial sanctions on specific individuals and entities in Iraq.

Iran

Resolution 1737 (2006), a proliferation-sensitive embargo on designated persons and entities in Iran;

Resolution 1747 (2007), a proliferation-sensitive nuclear and ballistic missile programs-related embargo, an export ban on arms, a travel ban, a travel notification requirement, and an assets freeze in Iran;

Resolution 1803 (2008), a proliferation-sensitive nuclear and ballistic missile programs-related embargo, an export ban on arms, a travel ban, a travel notification requirement, and an assets freeze in Iran;

Resolution 1835 (2008), reiterating the demands of resolutions 1737, 1747, and 1803;

Resolution 1929 (2010), a proliferation-sensitive nuclear and ballistic missile programs-related embargo, an export ban on arms, a travel ban, a travel notification requirement, an assets freeze in Iran, financial sanctions, authorization to inspect Iranian cargo and request inspections of Iranian vessels on high seas.

Democractic People's Republic of Korea

Resolution 1718 (2006), an arms embargo, assets freeze, and travel ban on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK);

Resolution 1874 (2009), an arms embargo, a ban on the export of luxury goods to the DPRK, a travel ban, an assets freeze, and nuclear, ballistic missiles and other WMD programs-related embargo in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK);

Resolution 1928 (2010), extension of the sanctions established in Resolution 1874 until June 2011.

Resolution 1985 (2011), extension of the sanctions established in Resolution 1928 until June 2012.

Côte d'Ivoire

Resolution 1572 (2004), an arms embargo on Côte d'Ivoire;

Resolution 1584 (2005), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and diamond sanctions on Côte d'Ivoire;

Resolution 1643 (2005), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and diamond sanctions on Côte d'Ivoire;

Resolution 1893 (2009), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and diamond sanctions on Côte d'Ivoire.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Resolution 1493 (2003), an arms embargo on all foreign and Congolese armed groups and militias operating in the territory of North and South Kivu and Ituri, and on groups not party to the Global and All-inclusive agreement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC);

Resolution 1533 (2004), extended arms embargo scope to entire DRC territory, targeted sanctions (travel ban, assets freeze) on the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

Resolutio 1596 (2005), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and criteria for designation by Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

Resolution 1649 (2005), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and criteria for designation by Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

Resolution 1698 (2006), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and criteria for designation by Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

Resolution 1768 (2007), arms embargo for the entire DRC territory, targeted sanctions (travel ban and an assets freeze), broadened criteria under which individuals and entities could be designated as subject to those measures;

Resolution 1771 (2007), arms embargo for the entire DRC territory, targeted sanctions (travel ban and an assets freeze), broadened criteria under which individuals and entities could be designated as subject to those measures;

Resolution 1799 (2008), arms embargo for the entire DRC territory, targeted sanctions (travel ban and an assets freeze), broadened criteria under which individuals and entities could be designated as subject to those measures;

Resolution 1807 (2008), an arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze, and criteria for designation by Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, only applies to non-governmental entities and individuals operating in eastern DRC;

Resolution 1857 (2008), arms modified and only applies to all non-governmental entities and individuals operating in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo;

Resolution 1896 (2009), extension of arms embargo, travel ban, and assets freeze;

Resolution 1952 (2010), extension of the arms embargo, travel ban, and assets freeze.

Liberia

Resolution 1521 (2003), an arms embargo on Liberia;

Resolution 1532 (2004), an arms embargo, travel ban, and assets freeze on Liberia;

Resolution 1683 (2006), an arms embargo, travel ban, and assets freeze on Liberia;

Resolution 1689 (2006), timber sanctions allowed to expire;

Resolution 1753 (2007), terminated diamond sanctions;

Resolution 1854 (2008), an arms embargo, travel ban, and assets freeze on Liberia;

Resolution 1903 (2009), terminated the arms embargo with regard to the Government of Liberia for a 12-month trial period;

Resoltuion 1961 (2010), renewed an arms emgaro, travel ban, and assets freeze on Liberia.

Sudan

Resolution 1556 (2004), an arms embargo on all non-governmental entities and individuals operating the states of North Darfur, South Darfur, and West Darfur, Sudan;

Resolution 1591 (2005), strengthened arms embargo, adopted assets freeze and travel ban on the Sudan;

Resolution 1945 (2010), extended the arms embargo.