This section focuses on governmental and
non-governmental organizations that play a role in
nuclear issues and export controls in Kazakhstan. It is not a comprehensive listing of
all government bodies in Kazakhstan. Additional information on the government of Kazakhstan may be found on
websites maintained by the
US Department of Commerce, the
CIA,
and the
government of Kazakhstan.
President of the Republic of
Kazakhstan: Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nazarbayev was re-elected President on January 10,
1999. The Kazakhstani Parliament increased the presidential term
to seven years in Fall 1998. Thus, Nazarbayev's current
term will expire in 2006.
Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration:
Alikhan M. Baymenov
Baymenov replaced Sarybai Kalmyrzayev in 1998.
Assistant to the President on National Security
and Secretary of the State Security Council: Marat
Mukhambetkaziyevich Tazhin
In December 2001 Tazhin
replaced Altynbek
Sarsenbayev, who was appointed ambassador to Russia.
Assistant to the President on Foreign Policy and
External Economic Issues: Murat Utemuratov
This position was created in March 1999. Previously,
Utemuratov served as Ambassador to Switzerland and Permanent Representative
to International Organizations in Geneva.
Advisor to the President: Tokhtar Aubakirov
Aubakirov was the first Kazakh astronaut. Previously,
he was the Director-General of the Kazakhstani National Aerospace
Agency.
The Presidential Advisor also heads the Group of Experts on Military and
Military-Technical Issues created in March 1999.
The Committee for National Security is the successor agency of the Soviet
KGB. The KNB is directly subordinate to the President.
Chairman:
General Nartay Dutbayev
In December 2001 Narty Dutbayev was appointed Chairman of the KNB, replacing
Marat Tazhin, who was returned to his former position of Secretary of the State
Security Council after only six months at the KNB. Before his appointment
as Chairman, Dutbayev served as first deputy chairman of the KNB.[1,2]
The following individuals at the KNB have responsibilities
for nonproliferation issues:
Igor Nurmukhamedov, Department Head
Artur Galishev, Department Deputy Head
Aleksandr Sopelkin
The State Security Council is a deliberative/consultative body that works on
state security and defense issues. Its members include the Prime
Minister, the Secretary of State, the Chief of Staff of the Presidential
Administration, the Chairman of
the State Security Council, the General Prosecutor, the Chairman of the Committee for National
Security, the Minister of Defense, and others. In
June 2000, President Nazarbayev ordered the creation under the Security Council
of the Interagency Commission on the Sale of Weapons, Military
Equipment, and Dual-Use Materials. This commission must approve all
sales of weapons and military equipment. See the Kazakhstan:
Export Control System section for more information.
Chairman: Marat Mukhambetkaziyevich Tazhin
Tazhin
was appointed Chairman of the State Security Council in December 2001, a post he
vacated in May 2001 to briefly head the Committee for National Security. Tazhin
replaced Altynbek Sarsenbayev,
who was appointed Kazakhstani ambassador to Russia.
Prime Minister: Imangali Tasmagambetov
On 28 January 2002 President Nursultan Nazarbayev
appointed Tasmaganbetov as prime minister.
Tasmagambetov succeeds Kasymzhomart Tokayev, who now is the State Secretary and
Foreign Minister.[1,2] Tasmagambetov had
served as a Deputy Prime Minister in charge of social and ethnic policy since
December 2000. [2] In addition to supervising the functioning of the government, the
prime minister is responsible for coordinating the implementation of military
reforms; export controls; the activities of the state law enforcement bodies;
and the development of the new capital, Astana.[3.4]
First Deputy Prime Minister: Danial Akhmetov
Danial Akhmetov replaced Aleksandr Pavlov in December
2000. Akhmetov oversees the economy, housing reforms, regional
development, reform of large industrial enterprises, and the development
of competitive markets.[2] Direction of Kazatomprom
is also part of Akhmetov’s portfolio.[3] Akhmetov's prior posts included
included head of the Pavlodar Oblast
administration, governor of North Kazakhstan Oblast, and Deputy Prime Minister.[4]
Deputy Prime Minister:
Karim Masimov
Masimov was appointed Deputy Prime Minister on 29 January 2002.
Deputy Prime Minister:
Alexander Pavlov
Deputy Prime Minister:
Baurzhan Mukhamedzhanov
Chief of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister: Altay
Ablayevich Tleuberdin
Tleuberdin was appointed by presidential decree on 13 December 2000.[1] Tleuberdin oversees the Agency for the Defense of
State Secrets.[2]
Minister:
Mukhtar Altynbayev
Altynbayev was appointed on
10 December 2002, replacing Sat Tokpakbayev, who was appointed
presidential advisor. Altynbayev
previously served as Minister of Defense, but was dismissed on 12 August 1999 following revelations of unsanctioned
sales of
MiG-21 fighters to North Korea.
First Deputy Minister and Chief of the General Staff: Major General Bakhytzhan Yertayev
Chief of the Center for Control of Arms Reduction
and Inspections: Colonel Alshagir Ishpanov
KAZSPETSEKSPORT
Kazspetseksport is a private company created by the
Kazakhstani government in the fall of 1999 to buy and sell weapons, military
equipment, and ammunition.[1] Kazspetseksport sells
surplus, obsolete weapons and equipment chosen by the Ministry
of
Defense for resale. Proceeds are turned over to the Kazakhstani government.[2] The company also has agreements, including one
concluded in February 2000, with the Russian arms export company Rosvooruzheniye
to import
Russian weapons and equipment in exchange for partial rent of the Baykonur
Cosmodrome.[3]
On 10 July 2000, jurisdiction over Kazspetseksport was moved from the office
of the Prime Minister to the Ministry of Defense.[4]
Kazspetseksport's predecessors include Kaz Sauda
(1992), Ulan (1993-1995), Kazvoyentekhinpeks (October 1995 - October 1996),
and Karu Zharak (1997-1999). Kazspetseksport and its predecessors have
been involved in a series of scandals, including the sale of anti-aircraft
guns to North Korea and of Igla missile technology to Yugoslavia in 1995, the sale of
MiG-21s to North Korea in 1999, the assassination of Kazspetseksport
Director Talgat Ibrayev on 15
April 2000, and the subsequent arrest of his successor, Ersa Koshkarov, on 26 July
2000.[1]
Director: Maksat Nauryzbayev
On 13 December 2000, the President of
Kazakhstan abolished the Ministry of the Economy and created the Ministry of
Economy and Trade. The Ministry of Economy and Trade assumed the functions of the
abolished Ministry of Economy plus the trade and industry functions of the
abolished Ministry of Energy, Industry, and Trade (MEIT).[1] The
following entities are subordinate to the Ministry
of Economy and Trade: the Defense
Industry Committee (Komoboronprom), the Office of
Export and Import Control, and the National Aerospace Agency.
The Ministry of Economy and Trade also functions as the executive body
for the Commission on Export
Control Issues.[2] Please see the Kazakhstan:
Export Control Overview section for a description of the Ministry's role in
Kazakhstan's export control system.
Minister: Zhaksybek
Abdrakhmetovich Kulekeyev
Kulekeyev was appointed Minister of Economy and Trade
by presidential decree on 21 December
2000.
DEFENSE INDUSTRY
COMMITTEE (KOMOBORONPROM)
The Defense Industry Committee
(Komoboronprom) was
founded on 29 July 1996 by Kazakhstani Government Decree No. 942.[1]
Originally subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, the Committee was moved
to the Ministry of Energy, Industry, and Trade in the spring of 1999 and
subsequently to the Ministry of Economy and Trade in December 2000.[2] The
committee is responsible for the coordination of the military industrial complex and
the production of dual use technology.[1] The Committee must approve all
foreign sales of non-nuclear military technology produced by Kazakhstani
defense industries. See Kazakhstan:
Licensing Process for more information on the Defense Industry Committee's
role in Kazakhstan's export control system.
Chairman: Bekbulat Abdygalievich Baygarin
NATIONAL AEROSPACE
AGENCY
Director General: Meyrbek Moldabekov
On 13 December 2000, the President of Kazakhstan abolished the Ministry of
Energy, Industry, and Trade and the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection and transferred many functions of the defunct
ministries to the new Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
The following entities are subordinate to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources: the Committee on Atomic Energy,
the Defense Industry Committee, KATEP,
Kazatomprom, the National
Nuclear Center and the Mangyshlak
Atomic Energy Combine (MAEK).
Minister: Vladimir
Sergeyevich Shkolnik
Shkolnik became the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources on 13 December
2000. He also serves as Deputy Prime Minister. He served previously as Minister of Energy, Industry,
and Trade and Minister of Science
and Higher Education.
Deputy Minister: Mukhtar Dzhakishev
Committee on Atomic Energy
Created by Presidential Decree in May 1992, the Committee on Atomic Energy is the organization responsible for regulation of all
aspects of the nuclear industry in Kazakhstan.[1,2] Formerly the Kazakhstan
Atomic Energy Agency (KAEA), the Committee changed its name on 18 August
1999.[2] It is responsible for “implementing the nuclear nonproliferation
regime” in Kazakhstan, and is the government body that is responsible for
interaction with the IAEA. The primary functions of the Committee
are as follows: regulation of all aspects of the use of nuclear energy,
including licensing activities in the sphere of nuclear energy and inspections
to ensure compliance with nuclear safety regulations; state control and
accounting of nuclear materials; control of the export and import of nuclear
materials and technologies, special non-nuclear materials, and dual-use
materials to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons; accident readiness,
and organization of physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities.[1]
KAEA came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science
and New Technologies in October 1995, and became subordinate to the Ministry
of Science-Academy of Sciences under the terms of an 11 March 1996 presidential
decree. In January 1999, the Ministry of Sciences-Academy of Sciences became
the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Following the cabinet reorganization
of 13 October 1999, oversight of the Committee on Atomic Energy was transferred
from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education to the Ministry
of Energy, Industry, and Trade.[3] The Committee was
subsequently transferred to the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources in
December 2000.[4]
Chairman: Timur M. Zhantikin
Zhantikin replaced Yergali Bayadilov in October 1995.
Deputy Chairman, Head of the Nuclear Safety Division:
Sergey Krechetov
Head, Division of Control of Nonproliferation
of Nuclear Materials and Technologies: Gulnara Eligbayeva
Deputy Head, Division of Control of Nonproliferation
of Nuclear Materials and Technologies: Chingis Masenov
Head, Radiation Safety Division: Aleksandr
Kim
KATEP
The Kazakhstan State Corporation for Atomic Power and Industry (KATEP) was formerly responsible for Kazakhstan’s
entire nuclear industry. With the creation of Kazatomprom
its status and responsibilities were dramatically
reduced. Although KATEP maintains
some measure of independence, it is formally subordinate to Kazatomprom.
Almost all of the responsibilities that previously belonged to KATEP (for
example, uranium mining and milling, nuclear fuel production, etc.) now
belong to Kazatomprom. KATEP is responsible only for commercial nuclear
power reactors, including the BN-350
fast-breeder reactor in Aktau, and the proposed
South
Kazakhstan Nuclear Power Plant.
President: Adilbek Kenzhalevich Aymanov
Vice-President: Aleksandr Baldov
Chief of the Department for Decommissioning the
BN-350 reactor: Yevgeniy Nikolskiy
KAZATOMPROM
http://www.kazatomprom.kz
According to a decree issued by President Nursultan
Nazarbayev on 14 July 1997, the government of Kazakhstan created the Nuclear Power and
Industrial Complex of Kazakhstan (Kazatomprom), a closed joint stock company, 100%
owned by the government.
The decree charged Kazatomprom with managing the government's stake
in companies and state enterprises involved in uranium mining and milling
and the production of nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants. Under
the terms of the decree, Kazatomprom is the national company for exporting
and importing uranium and its compounds, nuclear fuel for nuclear power
plants, special equipment and technology, and dual-use materials.
Kazatomprom also approves regulations in these areas.[1,2] Kazatomprom is responsible
for issuing licenses to manage the Moinkum, Uvanas, Kanzhugan, North and South
Karamurun, Irkol, Kharasan, Budennovskoye,
and Mynkuduk (Akdala and Vostochnyy sections) uranium
deposits.[3] As of January
2000, Kazatomprom owned 90% of Volkovgeologiya,
90% of the Ulba Metallurgy Plant,
and the No. 6 Mining Directorate,
Stepnoye
and Tsentralnoye mining
directorates.[4]
It also holds a 40% share in the Inkai
Joint Venture with Cameco and a 29% share in the Katko
Joint Venture with Cogema and others.[5,6,7] Kazatomprom President Dzhakishev announced
the company's intentions to sell a 67% stake to a strategic investor, possibly Nukem, Cogema, or Cameco.[8]
Kazakhstani National Securities Commission Chairman Azamat Dzholdasbekov,
however, has proposed that up to one third of Kazatomprom's shares be sold
in small packages and to the largest possible number of investors.[9]
President: Mukhtar Dzhakishev
Dzhakishev replaced Askar Kasabekov on 29 January
2002 as president of Kazatomprom. Dzhakishev
previously held this post from 1998 to 2001.
NATIONAL NUCLEAR CENTER
The National Nuclear Center (NNC) was created in May
1992 to conduct research on the peaceful use of nuclear energy and
radiation. For more information on the NNC, please see the entry in Kazakhstan:
Research Reactors.
CUSTOMS COMMITTEE
The Customs Committee is subordinate to the Ministry
of State Revenues.
Chairman: Maratkali Nukenov
The Ministry of Transport and
Communications is responsible
for organizing state regulations on the transportation of nuclear
materials, ionizing radiation sources, nuclear technology, and radioactive
waste.
Minister: Serik Burkitbayev
CENTER FOR NONPROLIFERATION STUDIES NIS REPRESENTATIVE
OFFICE
Almaty
Telephone: (3272) 63-24-19, 63-16-44
Fax: (3272) 63-42-68
Executive Director: Dastan Eleukenov
Email: dastan@nursat.kz
Web Site: http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/nisnp/nisro/cnsro.htm
In August 1998, the Center for Nonproliferation Studies established its NIS Representative Office
in Almaty, Kazakhstan to facilitate CNS research, community-building, and outreach activities in the NIS and to provide a unique resource for nonproliferation specialists in the NIS.
INSTITUTE OF
NON-PROLIFERATION
Almaty
Address: 28 ulitsa Shevchenko, Almaty 480021
Telephone/Fax: (3272) 534809
E-mail: ainp@nursat.kz
Director: Olga Tyupkina
The Institute of Non-proliferation was established on 18 August 1998 by governmental and private organizations of
Kazakhstan following a proposal from the Second Meeting of the Kazakhstani-American
Joint Commission in 1996. The goals of the Institute are to support nonproliferation research,
to provide assistance for the elimination and conversion of nuclear, chemical, and
biological weapons infrastructure in Kazakhstan, and to promote the
implementation
of international nonproliferation and arms control regimes.
The Institute researches, develops and implements
projects and technologies related to nonproliferation and environmental
protection. The Institute also participates in the conversion of former defense
facilities and assesses projects and legislation related to nonproliferation.
The Institute publishes nonproliferation resource materials and participates in
the production of television
and radio programs. The Institute performs its tasks in small ad hoc expert
groups. Administrative activities are carried out by an executive directorate
of six people.
KAZAKHSTAN INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC
LAW (KIAL)
Almaty
Address: ulitsa Shevchenko 157, Almaty
President: Tlek Baybagulov
KIAL, a nonprofit and non-governmental organization,
was established in April 1999 by the Committee on Atomic Energy
of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade. This
institute is a subsidiary of the law firm GRATA. The mission of KIAL
is to develop nuclear legislation in Kazakhstan, train qualified specialists,
and establish cooperation with international experts.
NONPROLIFERATION ASSOCIATION
OF KAZAKHSTAN (Kazakhstanskaya assotsiatsiya issledovateley problem
nerasprostraneniya)
Almaty
Address: ulitsa Lizy Chaykinoy 4, kottedzh 8, Almaty
Telephone: (3272) 53-40-83
President: Guzel Taipova
With the assistance of the Ford Foundation and the
Monterey Institute of International Studies Center for Nonproliferation
Studies, the Non-Proliferation Association of Kazakhstan publishes the
bimonthly bulletin Problemy nerasprostraneniya.
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SAFETY CENTER (NTSC)
Almaty
Address: 4 ulitsa Lizy Chaykinoy, Almaty 480020
Telephone/Fax: (3272) 646801; (3272) 646803
E-mail:
http://www.ntsc.kz/
The NTSC was established in November 1997 to research nuclear power
safety in Kazakhstan.
The NTSC analyzes the safety
of nuclear power technologies and facilities, and develops and examines
technical documentation pertaining to the use of nuclear power. The NTSC
provides analytical, scientific, and technical support for different activities
associated with the fuel cycle and nuclear power use in Kazakhstan,
including environmental monitoring and radiation safety. NTSC promotes
the
exchange of nuclear research information by
organizing international conferences and publishing materials on nuclear
safety.
TSENTR EKSPORTKONTROLSERVIS
(EXPORT CONTROL SERVICE)
Almaty
Address: 51 Al-Farabi, Almaty,
Kazakhstan 480090
Telephone/Fax: (3272) 656883
Email: cts_company@mail.kz
President: Yevgeniy Kachkayev
Vice President: Valeriy Korablev
Director: Leonid
Tsarev
Tsentr Eksportkontrolservis, a non-governmental organization,
was established in June 2000 with the following goals: 1) to help the
Kazakhstani government create an effective export control system; 2) to help
develop effective legislation in the export control field; 3) to help train
customs service officials in export control; and 4) to conduct research in the
field of export control systems.[1,2]
Due to a lack of financial support from either local or international sources, the
organization was closed in 2002.[3]
Last updated 2 January 2003
Comments or questions? Contact Kenley Butler at MIIS
CNS: Kenley.Butler@miis.edu
This material is produced independently for NTI
by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the
Monterey Institute of International Studies and
does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has
not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers,
employees, agents. Copyright © 2002 by MIIS.
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