Canada
Country Spotlight
Canada does not have nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons or relevant delivery systems, and is a member in good standing of all relevant nonproliferation treaties and regimes. A significant producer and exporter of dual-use goods, particularly relating to civil nuclear applications, Canada also plays an active role in nonproliferation export control regimes.
See Canada's performance in
Region North America
1984 Stopped hosting U.S. nuclear weapons on its territory
~9% Of the world’s uranium resources
7 Countries operate Canadian-built CANDU power reactors
Nuclear
- Participated in NATO’s nuclear mission between 1963 and 1984
- Promoter of peaceful nuclear energy since establishment of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1952
- Accounts for 22% of world’s uranium production, exports more than 85% of its produced uranium
Biological
- Conducted research on offensive and defensive biological warfare during World War II
- Tested American chemical and biological weapons during the 1960s
- Maintains the Canadian Safety and Security Program to research and develop defenses against biological weapons
Missile
- Does not possess or develop ballistic missiles
- Has not participated in U.S. ballistic missile defense, but reconsidering this position, and has discussed participation in the U.S. “Golden Dome” program
- In 2015, purchased missile defense technology similar to Israel’s Iron Dome
- In November 2024, announced a joint research and development collaboration with Australia on missile defense systems
Chemical
- Participated in Allied chemical weapons research during World War II
- Provided land for the United Kingdom to test its chemical weapons in the 1940s
- Is a member of the Australia Group and maintains strict export controls on dual-use chemicals