
Australia
Country Spotlight
Australia is a party to all major nonproliferation treaties and export control regimes. After developing a chemical warfare capability during World War II and collaborating with the UK on nuclear weapons testing, Australia no longer maintains offensive WMD programs. In 2021 Australia announced a deal to purchase American nuclear-powered submarines.
See Australia's performance in:
Region East Asia and the Pacific
28% World’s uranium resources
1985 Australia Group founded
12 British nuclear weapons tests hosted
Nuclear
- Has never possessed or developed nuclear weapons
- Has largest known quantity of uranium resources in the world
- Party to the Treaty of Rarotonga, which established a nuclear weapons-free zone in the South Pacific
- Set to acquire nuclear-powered submarines via the AUKUS deal with the U.K. and U.S.


Tutorial on Nuclear 101
Biological
- Has never possessed a biological warfare capacity
- Conducts research on biological materials and biosecurity
- Ratified the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention (BTWC) in 1977

Tutorial on Biological Weapons Nonproliferation
Australia Overview
Missile
- Will begin to produce its own guided hypersonic missiles
- Is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and was involved in drafting the Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC)
- Deploys AGM-158 cruise missiles on its F/A-18A/B aircraft

Tutorial on Missiles and Other WMD Delivery Systems
Overview of The CNS Missile and SLV Launch Databases
Chemical
- Destroyed its chemical weapons stockpiles after World War II
- Chairs the Australia Group, which enhances cooperation on controlling the spread of materials related to chemical weapons development
- Ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1994

Tutorial on Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation

NTI Tutorials
Treaties and Regimes Memberships
- NTI
- CNS

AI and the Bomb: A Conversation with Author James Johnson
Virtual Event
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11AM EDT
Will AI make accidental nuclear war more likely? If so, how might these risks be reduced? Join us for a conversation with Dr. James Johnson, author of AI and The Bomb: Nuclear Strategy and Risk in the Digital Age.
Nuclear Disarmament North Korea

NTI Nuclear Security Index: The Road to Reviving Global Nuclear Security
Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation - Donau-City Strasse 6, Andromeda Tower, Floor 13/1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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13:00-14:30 CET

Education Center