Former Yugoslavia
Historically, the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) produced chemical weapons and pursued both nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. However, none of the successor states (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, or Slovenia) have weapons of mass destruction or programs for their development.
Region Former Soviet Union
1940-1987 Intermittently pursued a nuclear weapons program
Ended its nuclear program in the 1960’s, but restarted after India’s nuclear test in 1974
April 28, 1992 Republic officially broke up
Nuclear
- Collaborated with Norway on nuclear research until the early 1960’s
- Transferred all remaining HEU to Russia by the end of 2010
- All successor states have independently signed and ratified the NPT
Biological
- No evidence of any attempts to establish an offensive biological weapons program
- All successor states have independently acceded to the BTWC
NTI Tutorials
Missile
- Allegedly collaborated with Libya and Iraq on various types of missile development
- Serbia is the only successor state to possess its own missile program
- No successor states are members of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
Tutorial on Missiles and Other WMD Delivery Systems
Overview of The CNS Missile and SLV Launch Databases
Chemical
- Produced a wide variety of chemical weapons and delivery systems prior to its breakup in 1991
- All remaining production equipment and materials destroyed under the supervision of the OPCW in 2003
- All successor states have independently acceded to the CWC
Tutorial on Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation
NTI Tutorials
Treaties and Regimes Memberships
Analysis
Former Yugoslavia
NTI Nuclear Materials Security Index: Building a Framework for Assurance, Accountability and Action
Education Center