Indonesia Flag for Indonesia

Country Spotlight

Indonesia does not have nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons programs. Indonesia signed the NPT as a non-nuclear weapon state in 1970 and has since been a strong advocate for nuclear disarmament and the peaceful uses of nuclear technology. Indonesia possesses missiles and also submarine capabilities with its four diesel-electric attack submarines (SSKs).

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Region   East Asia and the Pacific

3 Nuclear research reactors operated in Indonesia

36 AMRAAMS purchased from US in 2016

2016 Year Indonesia eliminated its stockpile of HEU by down-blending to LEU

Nuclear

  • Does not have nuclear power reactors; operates three nuclear research reactors through its nuclear energy agency, BATAN
  • Despite safety concerns due to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, has long-term plans for nuclear power reactors including to develop a nuclear power plant in 2039
  • Strong proponent of nuclear disarmament and peaceful uses of nuclear technology for non-nuclear weapon states

Biological

  • Does not have a biological weapons program
  • Operates bioterrorism and biodefense facilities and has a national committee for biosecurity and biosafety
  • Ratified the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) in 1992

Missile

  • Purchased Khan ballistic missiles from Turkey in 2022 deal
  • Acquired inventory of anti-ship cruise missiles from China and France, pursuing the Indo-Russian BrahMos supersonic anti-ship cruise missile
  • Possesses air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles

Chemical

  • No evidence to suggest a chemical weapons program
  • Law of the Republic of Indonesia on the Use of Chemical Materials and the Prohibition of Chemical Materials as Chemical Weapons enacted in 2008
  • Ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1998

Treaties and Regimes Memberships

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NPT

The NPT is a treaty aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons through the three pillars of non-proliferation, disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear energy.

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Bangkok Treaty

The SEANWFZ Treaty (Bangkok Treaty) preserves Southeast Asia as a Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone and free from weapons of mass destruction.

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Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Created in 1961, NAM has sought to “create an independent path in world politics that would not result in member States becoming pawns in the struggles between the major powers.”

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Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) bans the use, possession, testing, and transfer of nuclear weapons under international law.

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Analysis

Indonesia

Indonesia Submarine Capabilities

Fact Sheet

Indonesia Submarine Capabilities

The Indonesian Navy, also known as Tentar Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL), operates two classes of submarines:

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