Estonia
Country Spotlight
Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940, Estonia was home to major Soviet nuclear and military facilities. After it regained its independence in 1991, Estonia dismantled many of the Soviet-era facilities and joined both NATO and the European Union.
See Estonia's performance in
Region Former Soviet Union
100,000 tons Uranium processed during the Soviet Era
4 Nuclear facilities possessed during the Soviet Era
2004 Joined NATO and the European Union
Nuclear
- Has received assistance from the IAEA, U.S., and other countries to help manage and secure its nuclear waste
- Considering construction of its first nuclear power plant by 2035 with U.S. cooperation
- Has not pursued a nuclear weapons program since gaining independence
Tutorial on Nuclear 101
Biological
- Has never possessed or pursued a biological weapons program
- Strengthened export controls as a precondition for European Union membership
Tutorial on Biological Weapons Nonproliferation
Estonia Overview
Missile
- Does not have an indigenous missile program
- Purchased Javelin anti-tank missiles from the U.S. in 2020
- Purchasing Blue Spear anti-ship cruise missiles from Israel
Overview of The CNS Missile and SLV Launch Databases
Tutorial on Missiles and Other WMD Delivery Systems
Chemical
- Has never possessed or pursued a chemical weapons program
- Strengthened export controls as a precondition for European Union membership
Tutorial on Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation
NTI Tutorials
Treaties and Regimes Memberships
Analysis
Estonia
Estonia Overview
APLN’s Chung-in Moon on U.S. Policy Toward Asia and the North Korea Nuclear Threat
NIS Nuclear Trafficking Collection
Education Center