From 1957 to 1962, ten nuclear charges were exploded at Kapustin Yar, Western Kazakhstan. 1 As of January 2001, Russia was leasing the site from Kazakhstan in exchange for annual in-kind payments of military equipment and training, worth $25.5 million. 2
Sources
Smantay Tleubergenov, Poligony Kazakhstana (Almaty: Gylym, 1997), pp. 433-436, 480-481.
“Novosti iz stran SNG,” ITAR-TASS, 12 January 2001.