Iraq
Iraq
Under Saddam Hussein, Iraq pursued every major category of WMD, but dismantled its programs under UN supervision following defeat in the 1991 Gulf War. Nonetheless, unfounded U.S. suspicions that Iraq was reconstituting its WMD programs led to the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and regime change. Today, Iraq has no WMD programs nor ballistic missiles.
See Iraq's preformance in:
Region Middle East and North Africa
16 Known military uses of chemical weapons during Iran-Iraq War
690+ Metric tons of chemical weapons agents destroyed by the UN
12,500 Liters of undeclared biological agents reportedly destroyed
80+ Scud missile attacks against Saudi Arabia and Israel during 1991 Gulf War
Nuclear
- Began nuclear weapons development under then-Vice President Saddam Hussein in 1970's
- IAEA Director General announced in 2003 declared no evidence of a reconstituted nuclear program
- Security concerns in 2014 regarding stolen radioactive material in former IS-controlled territory

Understanding the New Nuclear Weapons Ban
Biological
- Produced large quantities of botulinum toxin, anthrax, and aflatoxin during the 1980's and early 1990's
- 166 R400 bombs and 25 Al Hussein warheads were filled with biological agents and deployed but never used
- Iraq Survey Group confirmed that Iraq abandoned its bioweapons program in 1991
Iraq Biological Overview

Tutorial on Biological Weapons Nonproliferation
Missile
- Pursued ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles during the 1990s
- Concealed majority of ballistic missile program from the UN during 1990s inspections
- Subject to missile strikes on U.S. occupational bases by Iran-backed militias

Tutorial on Missiles and Other WMD Delivery Systems
Overview: Applying New Tools to Nonproliferation: A Nuclear Detective Story
Chemical
- Used mustard gas and tabun against Iranian and Kurdish populations during Iran-Iraq War
- Unilaterally declared all chemical weapons disarmament issues resolved in 1998
- Various chemical weapons were found on the Iraqi black market after the 2003 Iraq War

Tutorial on Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation
Dusty Agents and the Iraqi Chemical Weapons Arsenal
Treaties and Regimes Memberships
Analysis
Iraq

Investing in Global Health Security: How to Build a Fund for Pandemic Preparedness in 2022
On April 21, 2022, immediately after G20 finance ministers and central bank governors reached consensus to establish a new Fund for preparedness at the World Bank, a group of leading experts and stakeholders from governments, civil society, academia, and multilateral institutions working in global health, global health security, and biodefense met to review progress and offer advice on next steps. This paper, published jointly by NTI and the Pandemic Action Network, aims to inform next steps to structure, approve, and launch a new Fund, including the forthcoming consultative process led by the World Bank.

Investigating High-Consequence Biological Events of Unknown Origin
Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
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7 am EDT / 1 pm CEST

Depicting Nuclear Risk Accurately: The Likely Global Effects of Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century

Education Center