Belarus
Country Spotlight
Belarus gained independence following the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union and inherited a nuclear weapons infrastructure. It transferred all remaining nuclear weapons to Russia by 1996. Today, Belarus is a close ally of Russia and participated in Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. In February 2022, Ukraine amended its constitution to allow Russia to deploy nuclear weapons on Belarussian territory.
See Belarus' performance in
Region Former Soviet Union
Article 18 Until 2022, enshrined Belarus's non-nuclear weapon status
1992 Transferred all Soviet chemical weapons back to Russia
1st Nuclear power plant currently under construction
Nuclear
- 2022 constitutional change renounced Belarus's non-nuclear weapon status
- In August 2022, announced upgrades to its Su-25 fighter aircraft to carry nuclear weapons
- Possesses 230 kg of highly-enriched uranium (HEU); talks to repatriate HEU to Russia collapsed in 2011
Nuclear Disarmament Belarus
Biological
- Has never possessed an offensive biological weapons program

Tutorial on Biological Weapons Nonproliferation
Belarus Overview
Missile
- Did not inherit any major missile production or design facilities from the Soviet Union
- Collaborates with Russia on missile design, production, and defense
- In June 2022, Russia stated it would transfer Iskander-M nuclear-capable missile systems to Belarus

Tutorial on Missiles and Other WMD Delivery Systems

The CNS Global Missile Defense Engagements Database
Chemical
- Has not attempted to restart a chemical weapons program since the removal of Soviet chemical weapons in the 1990s

Tutorial on Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation

NTI Tutorials
Treaties and Regimes Memberships
- NTI
- CNS

AI and the Bomb: A Conversation with Author James Johnson
Virtual Event
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11AM EDT
Will AI make accidental nuclear war more likely? If so, how might these risks be reduced? Join us for a conversation with Dr. James Johnson, author of AI and The Bomb: Nuclear Strategy and Risk in the Digital Age.
Nuclear Disarmament North Korea

NTI Nuclear Security Index: The Road to Reviving Global Nuclear Security
Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation - Donau-City Strasse 6, Andromeda Tower, Floor 13/1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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13:00-14:30 CET

Education Center