Indonesia Flag for Indonesia

Country Spotlight

Indonesia does not have nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons programs. Indonesia signed the NPT as a non-nuclear weapon state in 1970 and has since been a strong advocate for nuclear disarmament and the peaceful uses of nuclear technology. Indonesia possesses missiles and also submarine capabilities with its four diesel-electric attack submarines (SSKs).

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Region   East Asia and the Pacific


3 Nuclear research reactors operated in Indonesia

36 AMRAAMS purchased from US in 2016

2016 Year Indonesia eliminated its stockpile of HEU by down-blending to LEU

Nuclear

  • Does not have nuclear power reactors; operates three nuclear research reactors through its nuclear energy agency, BATAN; Despite safety concerns due to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, has long-term plans for nuclear power reactors including to develop a nuclear power plant in 2039
  • Has received assistance from the U.S. Trade and Development Agency to construct a small modular reactor (SMR) in Borneo
  • Strong proponent of nuclear disarmament and peaceful uses of nuclear technology for non-nuclear weapon states
  • Signed the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in 2017

Biological

  • Does not have a biological weapons program
  • Operates bioterrorism and biodefense facilities and has a national committee for biosecurity and biosafety
  • Has a specific regulatory framework governing the licensing, registration and inspections of individuals and facilities working with biological agents and toxins 
  • Ratified the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) in 1992

Missile

  • Purchased Khan ballistic missiles from Turkey in 2022 deal
  • Acquired inventory of anti-ship cruise missiles from China and France, pursuing the Indo-Russian BrahMos supersonic anti-ship cruise missile
  • Possesses air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles
  • Initiated the purchase of BrahMos cruise missiles from India for $450 million in early 2025

Chemical

  • No evidence to suggest a chemical weapons program
  • Law of the Republic of Indonesia on the Use of Chemical Materials and the Prohibition of Chemical Materials as Chemical Weapons enacted in 2008
  • Ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1998
  • Organized chemical weapon terrorism response exercises with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime and the National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT) of Indonesia in 2024

Treaties and Regimes Memberships

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NPT

The NPT is a treaty aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons through the three pillars of non-proliferation, disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear energy.

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Bangkok Treaty

The SEANWFZ Treaty (Bangkok Treaty) preserves Southeast Asia as a Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone and free from weapons of mass destruction.

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Analysis

on Indonesia

Indonesia Submarine Capabilities

Fact Sheet

Indonesia Submarine Capabilities

The Indonesian Navy, also known as Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL), operates two classes of submarines: The older Cakra-class Type 209/1300 vessels and the Nagapasa-class Type 209/1400 vessels.


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