Federal Law On Gratuitous Aid (Assistance) to the Russian Federation and Amending Certain Tax Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and on Introducing Privileges on Payments to State Non-Budgetary Funds in Connection with the Provision of Gratuitous Aid (Assistance) to the Russian Federation, No. 95-FZ, 4 May 1999.
[Rossiyskaya gazeta, 12 May 1999. No. 90; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru.] {Entered 10/14/2002 CC}

Bill On Nuclear Weapons
Approved in principle by the Duma on 23 May 1996. The bill aims to remedy the lack of legislation regulating the ordering, development, production, testing, use, and liquidation of nuclear weapons. The bill calls for amending or repealing the laws marked with an asterisk. The implementation of this law will require 450-600 billion rubles a year.
 
Federal Law On the Use of Atomic Energy
Adopted by the State Duma on 20 October 1995. Signed by President Yeltsin on 21 November 1995. The law regulates the use of atomic energy for peaceful and defensive purposes and is intended to protect human health and life, the environment, and property during the use of nuclear energy; to promote the development of nuclear science and engineering; and to assist in reinforcing international regulations governing the safe use of nuclear energy. According to Article 1, activities connected with the development, production, use, and recycling of nuclear weapons and military nuclear installations are not covered by this federal law. For details on the Law see the 21 November 1995 entry, below.
["Federal Law on Use of Nuclear Energy," ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 11/28/95, pp. 3-6; FBIS-SOV-95-237-S, 11/28/95.] 

Presidential Decree On Emergency Measures on State Support of Scientific, Production and Economic Activities of Russian Federal Nuclear Centers
 
Presidential Directive On State Supervision of Nuclear and Radioactive Safety of Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Facilities, No. 350RP, 26 July 1995
 
Presidential Decree On the Priority Measures to Improve the Nuclear Material Accounting and Protection System, No. 1923, 15 September 1994.
[Oleg Bukharin, "Security Of Fissile Materials In Russia,"Annual Review of Energy and Environment, 1996, vol. 21, p. 489.{Entered 8/13/97, SA}

Law On Financing Radioactive and Nuclear Hazardous Facilities
 
Law On Customs Duties
Adopted 21 May 1993.
 
Law On Fundamentals of Taxation
Adopted 27 December 1991.
 
Law On State Secrets
 
Law On Military Order by the State
 
Law On Supply of Products and Goods for State Purposes, No. 2860-1.
Adopted on 29 May 1992 by the Russian Supreme Soviet.
 
Law On Arms
 
Law On Defense, No. 3533-1
Adopted by the Supreme Soviet on 24 August 1992.
 
Regulations On Main Conditions of Delivery of Products to Military Enterprises
Adopted 5 June 1977, 10 October 1986, 1 February 1991.
 
Statute On the Procedure for Missile and Space Systems Production, No. 112
Adopted on 8 April 1988.
 
Statute On the Development of Military Air Technology
Adopted 2 February 1987.
 
Regulations On Main Conditions on Supply of Ships and Vessels to the Ministry of Defense
Adopted on 29 July 1983.
 
Statute On Military Representatives at Military Facilities, No. 43/08
Adopted by acts dated 29 November 1968, 8 June 1980 and 31 May 1982.

Nuclear Energy Legislation Developments

7/10/2001:  SPENT FUEL IMPORTS BILLS SIGNED INTO LAW
On 10 July 2001, President Putin signed a package of laws that would allow the import of irradiated spent fuel into Russia.  For the Russian text of the following laws, click on their names:  On Special Environmental Programs for the Rehabilitation of Radiation-Contaminated Regions of the Territory; On the Insertion of Additions to the law On the Use of Atomic Energy; On the Insertion of Additions to Article 50 of the Russian Federation law On Environmental Protection.  In addition, Putin issued a decree creating a special commission to study the spent fuel imports issue.  For the text of that decree in Russian, click On the Special Commission on Questions of Importing Irradiated Fuel Assemblies of Foreign Manufacture onto the Territory of the Russian Federation.
[Rossiyskaya gazeta, http://www.rg.ru, 13 July 2001.]{Entered 7/12/2001 CC}
 
6/6/2001:  SPENT FUEL IMPORTS BILL PASSES DUMA
On 6 June 2001, the State Duma approved the bill On Special Environmental Programs for the Rehabilitation of Radiation-Contaminated Regions of the Russian Federation, to be Financed by Receipts from Foreign Trade Operations Involving Irradiated Nuclear Fuel. For the Russian text of the bill that passed the first reading, on 21 December 2000, click here.
 
9/19/96: FEDERAL PROGRAM ON DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL THERMONUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTOR PROJECT APPROVED
The Russian government issued Directive No. 119, thereby adopting a Federal Technical Program entitled "International Thermonuclear Reactor ITER and Supporting Research and Design Activities." The program was adopted pursuant to Presidential Decrees No. 97-rp "On the development of the International Thermonuclear Research Reactor Project" signed on 11/12/9, "On the Agreement between Euratom, the Russian Government, the US Government, and the Government of Japan on Cooperation in Designing the Technical Project on International Thermonuclear Research Reactor," signed on 3/18/92, the agreement itself, signed on 7/2/92, and governmental directive No. 541 "On Extending the Implementation Timeframes for the Federal Comprehensive Program." The directive put Minatom in charge of the program's final product.
["Moshchnaya energiya legkikh elementov," ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 10/8/96, pp. 1,5.] {ENTERED 11/17/96 KVY; CORRECTED PER LN 12/13/96 KVY}
 
6/21/96: DUMA ENACTS LAW PERMITTING POSSESSION OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS FOR CIVILIAN PURPOSES
The Duma adopted a law "On making corrections and additions to the Federal Law 'On the Use of Nuclear Energy'" and therefore amended Article Five of the law "On the Use of Nuclear Energy." The wording of Article Five of the law "On the Use of Nuclear Energy," adopted on 11/21/95, established state ownership of all nuclear materials (i.e. fissionable materials or materials containing fissionable elements), radioactive wastes containing nuclear materials, defense-related nuclear facilities, and radiation sources and storage sites. This provision, however, became problematic because it precluded from owning their own products a number of lawfully created enterprises involved in development of technologies and production of radioactive substances for non-defense-related medical and scientific applications. The 6/21/96 amendment to Article Five states that non-defense-related nuclear materials and radiation sources utilized in medicine, scientific research, and civilian production may be owned by legal entities, according to a certificate issued by the Government of the Russian Federation. A list of such radioactive substances and radioactive sources shall be specified by the Government of the Russian Federation.
[The Russian Federation State Duma law "On making corrections and additions to the Federal Law 'On the Use of Nuclear Energy'"] 
 
4/22/96: LAW IS SIGNED FOR PEACEFUL USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY WITH PRC
Chernomyrdin signed Decree No. 490 of the Russian Federation Government "On the Signing of an Agreement Between the Russian Federation Government and the PRC Government on Cooperation in the Sphere of the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy."
["Draft Accord With PRC on Nuclear Energy Approved," ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 5/25/96, p. 7; FBIS-TAC-96-007, 5/25/96.]
 
4/12/96: RUSSIA SIGNS INTO LAW 1963 VIENNA CONVENTION AGREEMENT ON CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY FOR NUCLEAR DAMAGE
Chernomyrdin signed Russian Federation Government Decree No. 415 "On the Signing of the Vienna Convention on Civil Responsibility for Nuclear Damage." According to this decree, Russia signed the 1963 Convention on 5/21/96.
[ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 5/13/96, p. 9; "Russia to Sign Vienna Convention on Nuclear Damage," FBIS-TAC-96-006, 5/13/96.]
 
4/5/96: YELTSIN ENACTS LAW ON RADIOACTIVE SAFETY
President Yeltsin signed a law "On Financing of Radioactively Hazardous Production Enterprises and Facilities." The law establishes regulations for guaranteed funding for works at radioactively hazardous nuclear facilities vital for their safe and continuous operation. It specified federal funding for such facilities with 40 percent advance payment.
[SEGODNYA, 4/5/96, p. 1.]
 
2/21/96: DUMA PASSES LAW ON RADIOACTIVE SAFETY AND FINANCING
The Duma passed a law "On Financing Most Hazardous Radioactive and Nuclear Production Facilities and Enterprises." The purpose of the law is to improve the financing of closed cities, which as of 1/96 were owed 141 billion rubles by Minatom and the Ministry of Defense. The Law defined hazardous radioactive and nuclear production facilities and enterprises, protected articles in the budget dealing with expenditures for radioactive and nuclear facilities and enterprises, and required a forty percent advance payment for financing projects at radioactive and nuclear facilities. Article 3 of the Law gave civil and military organizations included in the list of most hazardous facilities the right to form a centralized pool of funds for financing of such facilities and enterprises.
["In Order To Avoid New Chernobyls," KRASNAYA ZVEZDA, 2/22/96, p. 1.]
 
2/12/96: RUSSIA ISSUES DECREE ON PRICE CONTROLS
The Russian government issued a decree "On Measures for Restricting Price/ Tariff Increase on Products/Services of Natural Monopolies in 1996." The decree adopted proposals by the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Energy and Fuel, the Ministry of Atomic Energy and supported the 11/30/95 Presidential decree No. 1204 "On Immediate Measures Supporting Exporters."
[EKONOMIKA I ZHIZN, 4/96, No. 14, p. 28.]
 
12/26/95: CHERNOMYRDIN SIGNS DECREE CONCERNING MILITARY INDUSTRY
Russian Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin signed Decree No. 1274 adopting a Federal Comprehensive Program on Conversion of the Military Industry for 1995-1997.
[ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 2/10/96, pp. 11-15.]
 
11/21/95: YELTSIN SIGNS "FEDERAL LAW ON USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY" STIPULATING AREAS OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL OVER NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND INDUSTRY
President Yeltsin signed the Federal Law On the Use of Nuclear Energy, adopted by the Duma on 10/20/96. The law regulates the use of atomic energy for peaceful and defensive purpose. The law intends to protect human health and life, the environment, and property during the use of nuclear energy, to promote the development of nuclear science and engineering, and to assist in reinforcing the international rules governing the safe use of nuclear energy. The law establishes the legal foundations for a system of state supervision and safety regulations for the use of nuclear energy, and outlines the rights, obligations, and responsibilities, pertaining to the use of nuclear energy, of state governing bodies, agencies of local self-government, organizations, other legal entities and citizens. According to the law, all nuclear materials, radioactive wastes containing nuclear materials, defense-related nuclear installations, radiation sources and storage sites shall be federally owned, unless otherwise stipulated by law. Non-defense-related radiation sources, radioactive substances and radioactive wastes not containing nuclear materials may be owned either Federally or by the Subjects of the Russian Federation or municipally in accordance with the procedures established by law. Government regulation of the safe use of nuclear energy shall be the responsibility of federal safety regulatory agencies overseeing compliance with nuclear, radiation, equipment, and fire safety regulations. Decisions on the construction of defense-related nuclear installations, radiation sources and storage sites shall be made by the Russian Federation Government. Design, building, operation and decommissioning of ships and other vessels with nuclear installations and radiation sources must comply with the requirements established by the standards and rules governing the use of atomic energy, State standards, maritime Register rules, environmental-protection, and other legislation of the Russian Federation. State policy on the handling of nuclear materials, radioactive substances and wastes is defined by this and other laws regulating such activities. Physical protection of nuclear installations, radiation sources, storage sites, nuclear materials and radioactive substances shall involve a unified system of planning, coordination, control, and a range of technical measures. Civil liability for losses caused to legal and physical persons by the effect of radiation when executing work pertaining to the use of nuclear energy shall be borne by the operating organization. Export and import of nuclear installations, equipment, technologies, nuclear materials, including nuclear fuel, radioactive substances and specialized non-nuclear materials used to produce nuclear materials, shall be undertaken in accordance with the Russian Federation's international obligations to non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and international agreements on the use of atomic energy. Violations of this law will lead to disciplinary, administrative or criminal proceedings in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Sources:
[1]Federal Law on the Use of Nuclear Energy," ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 11/28/95, pp. 3-6.
[2] FBIS-SOV-95-237-S, 11/28/95.
[3] Postanovlenie Gosydarstvennoi Dumi Federalnogo Sobrania Rossiyskoy Federatsii o Federalnom Zakone "Ob ispolzovanii atomnoy energii," full text submitted by Vladimir Orlov, PIR Center for Policy Studies in Russia. 
 
8/24/95: LAW TO ASSIST VICTIMS OF SEMIPALATINSK TESTING IS SIGNED
President Yeltsin signed the Law on Social Protection for Victims of Radiation Caused by Nuclear Tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site. The Law was passed by the Duma on 7/20/95. The Law entitles people who suffered from radiation in Semipalatinsk between 1949 and 1963 to privileges and benefits equivalent to those granted to the victims of the Chornobyl accident.
[Penny Morvant, "Yeltsin Signs Law on Benefits For Semipalatinsk Radiation Victims, OMRI DAILY DIGEST, Part I, 8/24/95.]
 
7/26/95: YELTSIN REJECTS LAW ON USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Boris Yeltsin rejected the statute "On the Use of Atomic Energy," which had been passed by the Duma and adopted by the Federation Council. In his address to Ivan Rybkin, Chairman of Duma, Yeltsin stated that the new law goes against the Constitution, Civil Code and Labor Laws Code, as well as the laws "On Protection of Population's Health" and "On Education."
Sources:
[1]"Boris Yeltsin Rejected A Law 'On Use Of Atomic Energy'," SEGODNYA, 7/26/95, p. 1.
[2] "Russia's Nuclear Energy Law Got Parliamentary Approval," NUCLEAR NEWS, 8/95, p. 78.
 
4/7/95: ORDER NO. 42 ON NUCLEAR AND HAZARDOUS TECHNOLOGIES FACILITIES APPLICATION PROCESS IS SIGNED
A Gosatomnadzor statute, entitled "On the Procedure for Issuing Temporary Permits for Planning (Designing) Nuclear and Radiation Hazardous Facilities and Productions (Technologies)," was signed by Chairman Yuriy Vishnevskiy as "Gosatomnadzor Order No. 42." Enterprises must submit permit applications to either regional Gosatomnadzor managers or to the organization's deputy chairman. Depending on the specific type of application, temporary permits may be issued by Gosatomnadzor's district administrators or by the Administration on Organization of Expert Evaluation of Safety that considers inspection requirements and prepares a draft of the permit. The term of a temporary permit is generally not more than 5 years. An enterprise which has received a temporary permit to plan the construction of a nuclear facility, as defined in the statute and in accordance with Gosatomnadzor's 2/11/94 and 5/25/93 statutes, must submit an annual project progress report to Gosatomnadzor no later than the first of February. The enterprise is also required to provide open access to its facilities to Gosatomnadzor inspectors and to provide agency personnel with relevant project information. The statute was registered with the Minister of Justice on 7/15/94.
[ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 8/5/94, p. 6; in "Documents On Permission For Work On Hazardous Nuclear Products," JPRS-UST-94-027, 8/5/94.]
 
5/25/93: ORDER NO 53 ON GOSATOMNADZOR PERMIT ISSUING IS SIGNED
Gosatomnadzor's "Statute on the Procedure of Issuing Temporary Permits By Gosatomnadzor of Russia for Activity on Production, Management and Utilization of Radioactive Substances and Products on their Basis" was signed (order no. 53).
[ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, 8/5/94, p. 6; in "Documents On Permission For Work On Hazardous Nuclear Products," JPRS-UST-94-027, 8/5/94.]
 

Last updated 14 October 2002

Comments or questions? E-mail Cristina Chuen at MIIS CNS: Cristina.ChuenATmiis.edu

This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents. Copyright © 2002 by MIIS.

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