To go to the main Northern Fleet entry, see the Northern
Fleet Overview file.
To go to the main
Severodvinsk entry, see the Severodvinsk file.
LOCATION: Severodvinsk, Yagra Island
Telephone: 011-7-818-42-79-360
Fax: 011-7-818-42-72-850
Telex: 276149 SVET
[Zvyozdochka advertisement, Military
Parade, May-June 1998, p. 81] {Entered 9/9/98 JET} HOMEPAGE:http://www.star.ru{entered 8/15/2001 EF} SUBORDINATION: Russian
Shipbuilding Agency [Russian Government Decree No. 878,
Voprosy
Rossiyskogo agentstva po sudostroyeniyu, 30 July 1999; in The Legislation
in Russia, http://law.optima.ru.{Updated 2/10/2000 CC} ADMINISTRATION: Director: Nikolay Yakovlevich Kalistratov
["Restoration Of Ships Is Becoming
Increasingly Difficult,"
Krasnaya zvezda, 17 February 1996, p. 5.] Deputy Director: Aleksandr Ivanovich Tikhonov
[Government Decree No. 175, O prisuzhdenii
premii Pravitelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii v oblasti nauki i tekhniki,
29 February 2000; in Rossiyskaya gazeta, 11 March 2000; in National
News Service Website, http://www.nns.ru.]
{Entered 8/2/00CC} ACTIVITIES: The smaller of the two shipyards of the Russian State
Center for Atomic Shipbuilding (GRTsAS) in Severodvinsk, [1] Zvezdochka,
formerly known as Ship Repair Plant 893, was commissioned in 1954.
A 1959 Soviet decree granted Zvezdochka the task of repairing nuclear submarines,
which began in 1962. By a 1967 decree, Zvezdochka was assigned responsibility for repairing the nuclear icebreaker, Lenin.
In 1992, the plant was renamed the Zvezdochka State Machine-Building Enterprise.
Zvezdochka operates two railway slips; a floating dock; three well-equipped
docks; and repair, machine-building, and auxiliary shops. Since its
establishment, Zvezdochka has repaired and modernized over
100 first-, second-, and third-generation submarines.[2]
In 1998 it was designated as the only shipyard that would repair Delta
IV-class submarines.[3] To deal with dismantlement
problems Zvezdochka has built three specialized areas for cutting submarine hulls.
Zvezdochka has been designated to scrap ballistic
missile launchers from decommissioned nuclear submarines[4] and to dismantle
SSBNs under START I. The rate of submarine dismantlement there is
approximately one to two vessels per year.
While Mayak is responsible for reprocessing spent
fuel from decommissioned submarines at Zvezdochka, deteriorated rail lines
prevented direct shipping to Mayak. Between 1973 and 1992, spent
fuel had to be transported to Murmansk by ship for loading onto the train.
In 1992, Murmansk authorities prohibited this practice based on safety
concerns. In 1993, the old rail containers at Zvezdochka, which do
not meet international safety standards, were taken out of service.
Moreover, each trainload of spent fuel costs two billion rubles to transport
to Mayak.[5,6]
As such, the Zvezdochka shipyard has become a de
facto spent fuel and radioactive waste storage site and is reportedly full.
The three PM-124 class nuclear submarine support barges (PM-124, PM-78, and a PM with unknown designation) operating out of Zvezdochka carry a total
of 1,680 spent fuel assemblies. Each support barge can carry up to
560 fuel assemblies and 200 cubic meters of liquid radioactive waste.
Each
Malina-class ship has two 15-ton cranes for reactor removal
and refueling.[7] Zvezdochka also maintains an incinerator for solid
radioactive waste.[8]
In addition, Zvezdochka is involved in a number of
conversion programs, including the development of floating offshore drilling
units; the retrofitting of fishing boats and research vessels; and the
manufacture of propeller screws, blades, floating landing docks, pontoons,
pontoon bridges, and some consumer goods. In October 1998, construction
started on the first of 20 fishing trawlers, part of the Russian-Norwegian
"Rebirth of the Arkhangelsk Oblast Fishing Fleet" program.[9] Zvezdochka
also repairs foreign-owned submarines, such as the Project 877 EKM diesel
submarine owned by the Indian Navy.[4] For more information regarding
Russian-Indian
nuclear propulsion cooperation, please see the Russian
Exports section.
Sources: [1] Valentin Bogomolov, "Officials
Dispute Repair Site for Missile Cruiser," Rabochaya tribuna, 23
July 1997, p. 3; in FBIS-SOV-97-210, 29 July 1997. [2] Pavel Kachur, "Sindhuvir Operational
Again," Military Parade, September-October 1999, p. 32.{Updated 8/7/00 YF} [3] Anatoliy Popov, "APL 'Verkhoturye'
snovo v stroyu,"
Pravda severa, 3 January 2000; in Natsionalnaya
sluzhba novostey, http://nel.nns.ru. {Updated
4/12/2000 CC} [4] Nikolai Kalistratov, "Zvyozdochka:
Russia's Ship Repair Industry Leader," Military Parade, May-June
1998, pp. 78-80. [5] Judith Perera, "Submarine Purgatory,"
Nuclear
Engineering International, December 1995, p. 43. [6] Viktor Filippov, "The Severodvinsk
Trawler Is the Brother of Nuclear Submarines," Izvestiya online edition, 23 October 1998, p. 2; in "Defense Plant Builds Fishing Trawlers
with Norway," FBIS-WEU-98-299. {Updated 5/26/99
HA} [7] "Nuclear Wastes in the Arctic:
An Analysis of Arctic and Other Regional Impacts From Soviet Nuclear Contamination,"
OTA-ENV-623, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, September 1995,
pp. 121, 129. [8] Thomas Nilsen, Igor Kudrik and
Aleksandr Nikitin, "Bellona Report 1: The Russian Northern Fleet," The
Bellona Foundation, 28 August 1996, sections 5.1 and 5.6. [9] Viktor Fillipov, "Nuclear Submarines
Are Calling For Help," Rossiyskaya gazeta, 24 May 1995, p. 4. {Updated 9/9/98 JET}
ZVEZDOCHKA DEVELOPMENTS:
9/26/2003: TESTS COMPLETED ON NEW SNF CONTAINERS On 26 September 2003, Interfax
reported that tests on a new type of container to be used for the unloading of
spent nuclear fuel from submarine reactors had been successfully completed at
the Zvezdochka State Machine Building Enterprise in Severodvinsk.
According to Zvezdochka spokeswoman Nadezhda Shcherbinina,
the tests took place without incident over
a period of two weeks at the onshore facility. For more information on the
CTR-funded facility, see the 2/11/2003
entry in
the Naval Foreign Assistance Developments section. ["V
Severodvinske zaversheny ispytaniya novogo tipa konteynerov dla vygruzki OYaT,"
Interfax, 26 September 2003.] {Entered 10/24/2003 SLK}
6/25/2003: SPENT FUEL SENT TO MAYAK On 25 June 2003, Zvezdochka press service announced that 19 containers of spent
nuclear fuel
had been sent for reprocessing to Mayak. Such train transports take place twice
a year and are protected by troops. The current fuel comes from a Typhoon-class
submarine that is being dismantled at Sevmash under the
Cooperative Threat
Reduction Program. ["'Zvezdochka' otpravila eshelon s otrabotavshim yadernym
toplivom," Arkhangelskiye novosti, 25 June 2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru] {Entered 7/21/2003 RS}
5/13/2003: DELTA I SSBN
DISMANTLED AT ZVEZDOCHKA
According to a 13 May 2003 report by
ITAR-TASS, the dismantling
of the Murena-class [NATO name 'Delta I'] strategic nuclear submarine K-385 has
been completed. The reactor compartment and two adjacent compartments were cut
out of the submarine and are scheduled to be towed
to Zapolyarye
for temporary storage. The submarine dismantlement was financed by the United
States through the CTR program. The K-385 was built at Sevmash in 1974. [Vladimir Anufriyev, "Na verfi 'Zvezdochka' v Severodvinske
utilizirovana strategicheskaya atomnaya podvodnaya lodka K-385 'Murena',"
ITAR-TASS, 13 May 2003; in Yadernyy Kontrol, 12 May 2003.] {Entered 5/21/2003 AV}
4/28/2003: ZVEZDOCHKA RECEIVES EXPORT LICENSE On 28 April 2003, the Head of the Committee for Cooperation on Defense
Technology with Foreign Countries, Mikhail Dmitriyev, announced that Zvezdochka
Shipyard and three other Russian defense sector enterprises had been
granted permission independently to service and export spare parts for previously delivered
military equipment. Previously, any defense technology export had
to go through Rosoboroneksport, the state export agency. Earlier, the
Rubin Design Bureau was given the same privileges. On 16 September 2002,
President Vladimir Putin issued the directive granting the Commission the right
to administer such export licenses. [For more information, see the
Export
Control Developments section.] ["'Zvezdochka' poluchila pravo na eksport zapchastey,"
Arkhangelskiye novosti, 30 April 2003; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru] {Entered 7/25/2003 RS} 4/19/2003: NEW CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL TO INCLUDE SHIPYARD DIRECTORS The mayor of Severodvinsk has introduced a new council of chairmen, which is
composed of the directors of the Sevmash, Zvezdochka,
Arktika, and Polyarnaya Zvezda Shipyards as well as the commander of the Belomorsk
Naval
Base along with a number of other enterprise directors. The council is
purely consultative.[1,2]
Sources:
[1] Yelena Boyko, "Sovet direktorov - v pomoshch meru," Pravda Severa, 19
April 2003; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru. [2] "Arkhangelskaya oblast: Glava administratsii Severodvinska sozdayet sovet
direktorov predpriyatiy goroda," IA Regnum, 14 April 2003; in Integrum
Techno, http://www.integrum.ru. {Entered 6/19/2003
RS}
4/12/2003: ROBBERY OF SUBMARINERS' WAGES AVERTED On 12 April 2003, Pravda Severa reported that the robbery of 800,000
rubles (about $25,500 as of 12 April 2003) was averted when submariners
came to the aid of an officer who was carrying the
collective wages of the SSBN Bryansk's crew. The officer was being
attacked by a 35-year-old man from Severodvinsk. According to Pravda
Severa, this was just the latest of numerous criminal incidents in this
city. [Yelena Boyko, "Podvodniki chut ne ostalis bez zarplaty," Pravda Severa,
12 April 2003; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru] {Entered 6/19/2003 RS}
3/21/2003: TAX PENALTIES WAIVED FOR SEVERODVINSK
SHIPYARDS Penalties for overdue tax payments have been waived for the companies associated with
the Russian
State Center for Atomic Shipbuilding (GRTsAS), which include the
Sevmash and Zvezdochka Shipyards. These companies have been unable to pay taxes as the Russian
government had not made payments or paid late for shipyard orders. The
accumulated tax penalties totalled approximately 300-370 million rubles (about
$9.6-11.8 million as of 21 March 2003). [1,2,3] Sources:
[1] Mikhail Boyev, "Peni i shtrafy," Korabel, 4 March 2003; in Nord Media Kompani, 21 March 2003;in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
[2] "GRTsAS," Severnyy rabochiy, 13 February; in Nord Media Kompani,
21 March 2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
[3] "Deputaty prostili dolgi Severodvinsku," VolgaInform, 12 February
2003; in Nord Media Kompani, 14 Febuary
2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru. {Entered 6/23/2003 RS}
3/7/2003: SPONSORSHIP ASSISTANCE RECEIVED IN SEVERODVINSK On 7 March 2003, Moskovskaya pravda reported that the Moscow city government has provided assistance to
Sevmash on several
occasions. When the shipyard stood still due to lack of federal funding,
Moscow issued a loan to start the construction of the fifth-generation nuclear
submarine, Yuriy Dolgorukiy. [For more information, see the
3/15/2002
entry in the Northern Fleet General Developments
file.] Moscow also helps to address the social problems of shipbuilders and naval officers
by building homes for retired officers, by sending medical doctors, and by
organizing Black Sea resort holidays for shipbuilders' children.
Moskovskaya pravda says that the families of Moscow's servicemen, who make
up a fair proportion of the crew, can
therefore rest assured that their sons are serving in the best-equipped
crews.[1] Various city boroughs of Moscow and other cities engage in another
form of assistance: they sponsor nuclear cruisers or submarines. This is the
case with the city of Bryansk, for example, which is providing assistance to the
crew of the SSBN Bryansk while the submarine
is undergoing repairs far from its home base. The naval base at the
shipyard is unable to supply the crew, as it
is supposed to.[2,3] Sources:
[1] "Podlodku '641-B' zhdut v Den goroda," Moskovskaya pravda, 6
March 2003; in Nord Media Kompani, 7 March 2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
[2] Yelena Boyko, "Kogda zhe flot Rossii perestanet byt 'sukhoputnym'?,"
Pravda Severa, 21 March 2003; in Nord
Media Kompani, 21 March 2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
[3] "Deputat Gosdumy organizovyvayet sheftstvo nad ekipazhem podvodnoy lodki 'Bryansk',"
Rosbalt, 18 March 2003; in Nord
Media Kompani, 21 March 2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru. {Entered 7/1/2003 RS}
3/1/2003: NAVY FACES FURTHER CUTS AS TULA IS MOTHBALLED Jane's Navy International reported on 1 March 2003 that Russia
intends to reduce its fleet of surface ships and submarines by an additional 20%. According to the
Commander-in-Chief
of the Navy, Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov,the Navy plans to focus its limited resources upon preserving a core
operational force in a higher state of readiness. This will require
decommissioning a number of ships and submarines currently in reserve as
maintenance of these vessels is extremely costly. The severe shortage in
funding for the upkeep of the fleet -- less than 10% of the amount
required -- faced by the Navy since 1996 means that a significant portion of the ships and submarines placed
in reserve are in poor condition, are maintained by skeleton crews, and could
not feasibly be put to sea without extensive repairs or refits. Admiral Kuroyedov,
having concluded that funds for maintenance and construction of new ships are
"not simply insufficient, but few and far between," has begun considering on a
case-by-case basis the status of existing vessels in reserve.[1] His assessment
to date has resulted in a decision to mothball the Delfin-class [NATO name
'Delta-IV'] ballistic missile nuclear submarine
(SSBN) Tula, which currently rests in a slip at Zvezdochka as it undergoes repairs and modernization.
Work on the Tula will continue until the funds foreseen for its
modernization in the 2002 budget -- 120 million rubles ($3.8 million as of 17
February 2003) -- are exhausted. At that
point the Tula will be mothballed at Zvezdochka for at least the next
five years. Kuroyedov linked the decision to suspend work on the Tula
with efforts to complete repairs on the Delfin-class SSBN Yekaterinburg,
which began overhauls in 1996.[2] The Yekaterinburg underwent post-refit sea trials in the White Sea after it was relaunched in
April
2002, and is scheduled to rejoin the Northern Fleet by the summer of 2003.[3]
Another two Delta-IV SSBNs, Bryansk and Novomoskovsk, currently
are docked at Zvezdochka, and are scheduled to undergo repairs that will allow
these ships to serve the Navy until 2010-2015.[4,5] The importance of the modernization
of the Delta IV fleet, which forms the mainstay of Russia's
strategic submarine deterrent force, is magnified further by delays in
introducing the fourth-generation Borey-class SSBNs.[3] A
failure of these efforts significantly would impair plans within the Russian
military to strengthen the emphasis placed on the naval leg of the nuclear
triad.[6] Sources:
[1] Richard Scott, "Russia to make more Navy cuts," Jane's Navy International
online edition, http://jni.janes.com, 1 March 2003.
[2] "Arkhangelskaya oblast. Na 'Zvezdochke' zakonservirovan remont raketnogo
podvodnogo kreysera 'Tula'," Regions.Ru, 17 February 2003;
in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.com. [3] Richard Scott, "Russian 'Delta IV' submarine back at sea
after refit," Jane's Navy International online edition,
http://jni.janes.com, 1 March
2003. [4] David C Isby, "Russia- Northern Fleet submarines overhauled," Jane's
Defence Upgrades,
http://jdu.janes.com, 16 February 2003.
[5] "Remontnyy konveyyer," Nezavisimoye voyennoye obozreniye, No. 2
(317), 24 January 2003;
in Integrum
Techno, http://www.integrum.com.
[6] "Genshtab: prioritetom Rossii stanet razvitiye atomnogo flota," Gazeta.Ru,
http://www.gazeta.ru, 14
January 2003. {Entered 4/16/2003 EMC}
2/11/2003: TESTING OF ONSHORE
FACILITY FOR UNLOADING SPENT SUBMARINE FUEL SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED IN SEVERODVINSK According to an 11 February 2003 Interfax report, the testing of an onshore
facility at Zvezdochka Shipyard to unload spent nuclear fuel from submarines
has been successfully completed. The testing
involved the defueling of an Akula [NATO name 'Typhoon'] class SSBN. The
construction of the $15 million
facility was financed by the United States under the
Cooperative Threat Reduction Program.[1,2] Sources:
[1] "V Severodvinske zaversheny ispytaniya beregovogo kompleksa po vygruzke
topliva iz APL," Interfax, 11 February 2003.
[2] ITAR-TASS, 6 February 2003; in "V Severodvinske sdan v ekspluatatsiyu kompleks vygruzki otrabotavshego
yadernogo topliva s utiliziruyemykh podlodok," Nord Media Kompani, "Voenno-promyshlennyiy kompleks," 7 February 2003; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
{Entered 8/20/2003 AV}
1/16/2003: REPAIRS ON YEKATERINBURG COMPLETED Interfax reported on 16 January 2003 that
repairs to the Delfin-class [NATO name 'Delta-IV'] ballistic missile nuclear
submarine (SSBN)
Yekaterinburg, undertaken at the Zvezdochka shipyard over the
past four years,
have been
completed. The work included efforts to modernize the submarine through the
installation of new chemical instrumentation and improvements to its
radio-electronic and weapons systems.[1,2] The Commander of the Yekaterinburg,
Captain First Class Andrey Pavlovskiy, praised the efforts of the personnel at
Zvezdochka, who employed "creative" solutions--such as repairing a number of
items slated for replacement--to overcome shortages in funding and complete the
repairs according to schedule and below cost.[1,2,3] Due to adverse weather
conditions, it is anticipated that the
Yekaterinburg will remain in Severodvinsk until at least June 2003 at which
point it will return to the Northern Fleet base at
Gadzhiyevo (Murmansk Oblast).[1] Sources:
[1] "V Severodvinske posle remonta podpisan akt priyema-sdachi APL
'Yekaterinburg'," Interfax, 16 January 2003.
[2] Yu. Onuchina and V. Frolov, Vesti Pomorya, 15 January 2003; in
Informatsionnoye agentstvo Nord Media Kompani, 17 January 2003; in
Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.com.
[3] "'Yekaterinburg'
blagopoluchno otremontirovali," Pravda.Ru, 15 January 2003; in
Informatsionnoye agentstvo Nord Media Kompani, 17 January 2003; in
Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.com.
{Entered 5/20/2003 EMC}
12/25/2002: DISMANTLEMENT OF K-385 STARTED On 25 December 2002, Pravda.Ru reported that the dismantlement of K-385, a
Murena [NATO name 'Delta-I']-class SSBN, has started. Funding is provided by the
Cooperative Threat Reduction Program.
[Vitaliy Bratkov, "'Tigr' plyus, 'Murena' minus," Pravda.Ru Web Site,
http://www.pravda.ru, 25 December 2002;
in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.com.]
{Entered 7/24/2003 RS} 8/14/2002: SPENT FUEL UNLOADING FACILITY COMPLETED
ITAR-TASS reported on 14
August 2002 that the construction of an
unloading facility for spent nuclear fuel from submarines has been completed at Zvezdochka. According to experts
at the shipyard, defueling has been a difficult problem in the complex
process of dismantling submarines.[1]
Russian
Shipbuilding Agency Deputy Director Vasiliy Usachev announced that the
facility significantly lessens the risks associated with defueling and meets the nuclear and environmental
safety requirements issued by the IAEA. With the completion of the facility, Zvezdochka
is able to defuel four Delta-class or two Typhoon-class SSBNs per year. The facility was financed through the
Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. Usachev further announced that a
similar defueling system would be installed at the
Zvezda plant in
Bolshoy Kamen.[2]
Sources:
[1] Vladimir Anufriyev, "V Severodvinske postroyen kompleks vygruski otrabotannogo yadernogo topliva
iz reaktorov utiliziruyemykh atomnykh podlodok," ITAR-TASS,
14 August 2002; in Nord
Media Kompani, 16 August 2002; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
[2] Vladimir Golovchanskiy, "V Severodvinske otkryvayetsya odin iz samykh bezopasnykh v mure dlya
razgruzki reaktorov utiliziruyemykh atomnykh podvodnykh lodok," ITAR-TASS, 22
August 2002; in Nord
Media Kompani, 23 August 2002; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru. {Entered 6/18/2003
RS}
7/27/2002: BRYANSK DOCKS FOR
REPAIRS WHILE LACK OF FUNDS DELAYS
TULA
MODERNIZATION The Northern Fleet Project 667 Delfin-class [NATO name
'Delta-4'] ballistic missile nuclear submarine
(SSBN)
Bryansk
docked at Zvezdochka shipyard
on 27 July 2002 in order to undergo extensive repairs and
modernization.[1,2] The repairs will take several years and according to
preliminary estimates cost approximately
two billion rubles ($63.4 million as of 27 July 2002).[1,3] The
Bryansk, in service since August 1988,
is the third Delfin-class SSBN to undergo repairs at the shipyard, which
previously repaired the Verkhoturye and the
Yekaterinburg.[1,2] In
addition to the Bryansk, the
Delfin-class nuclear submarine Tula,
with the Northern Fleet since January 1987, currently rests in a slip at
the shipyard as it undergoes repairs and modernization. The work on the
Tula,
which began two years ago, has been troubled by insufficient financing. According
to Zvezdochka Director Nikolay Kalistratov, the shipyard
received only 120 million rubles ($3.80 million as of 19 August
2002) for the repairs on the
Tula in 2002. At this level of funding, it will take
10 years to modernize and repair the submarine.[4]
Sources:
[1] Vladimir Anufriyev, "Atomnaya podvodnaya lodka 'Bryansk' postavlena na
kapitalnyy remont na verfi 'Zvezdochka' v Severodvinske," ITAR-TASS, 15 August 2002; in Integrum
Techno, http://www.integrum.com.
[2] Anatoliy Popov, "'Bryansk' oshvartovalsya u prichala
'Zvezdochki'," Pravda severa, No. 144, 3 August 2002; in Integrum
Techno,
http://www.integrum.com.
[3] "Sudoremontniki zhivut nadezhdoy," Interfax-Agentstvo
voennykh novostei; in Krasnaya zvezda, No. 161, 4 September 2002; in Integrum
Techno,
http://www.integrum.com.
[4] "Remont strategicheskoy submariny 'Tula' mozhet zatyanutsya na
desyatiletiye"; in Polit.Ru: Monitor, 19 August 2002; in Integrum
Techno,
http://www.integrum.com.
{Entered 10/17/2002 EMC}
6/25/2002: INDIAN DIESEL
SUBMARINE SINDHURATNA PUTS TO SEA FOR TRIALS On 25 June 2002 the
Indian Varshavyanka-class [NATO name 'Kilo'] diesel
submarine Sindhuratna departed from Zvezdochka to begin sea trials
before August, when it is due to be turned over to the Indian Navy. The
Sindhuratna is the second Indian submarine to undergo maintenance at Zvezdochka. The Sindhuvir
underwent repairs there in 1999. After the
Sindhuratna is turned over to the Indian Navy, the Sindhugosh will
undergo repairs at Zvezdochka.
["Following
Maintenance, the Indian Submarine "Sinduratna" Departed from the
Severodvinsk Wharfs for Sea Trials," Rosbalt, 25 June 2002; in "Maintenance of
Indian Submarine "Sinduratna" Completed at Severodvinsk," FBIS Document
CEP20020625000173.] {Entered on 7/1/2002 TM}
4/21/2002: YEKATERINBURG
SSBN PUT TO SEA AFTER REPAIRS On 21 April 2002, the Delfin-class
[NATO name 'Delta IV'] SSBN
Yekaterinburg left Zvezdochka's dry dock,
where it had been undergoing routine repairs for six years. Usually these
kinds of repairs take two years, but financing difficulties led to an extended
repair period.[1] The submarine is to start mooring trials in September 2002
and sea trials in December 2002. According to Zvezdochka General
Director Nikolay Kalistratov, the refitted
Yekaterinburg will be able
to serve in the Russian Navy for 10-15 more years.[2] The submarine is
expected to return to the
Gadzhiyevo Naval Base
in early 2003.[1]
Sources: [1] "V
Severodvinske vyveden iz ellinga atomnyy raketnyy kreyser 'Yekaterinburg',"
Rosbalt, http://www.rosbalt.ru/news/46665.html, 22 April 2002. [2] Interfax, 21
April 2002; in "Missile-Carrying Submarine Put Back in Water at Severodvinsk
Shipyards," FBIS Document CEP20020421000003. {Entered 4/22/2002 EF}
4/12/2002: REPAIRS ON INDIAN DIESEL
SUBMARINE COMPLETED On 12 April 2002, the Indian Varshavyanka-class [NATO name 'Kilo'] diesel submarine
Sindhuratna put to sea after being overhauled at Zvezdochka. The
submarine will be transferred to the Indian Navy after it
completes comprehensive trials and its crew is trained to operate the new
equipment and weapon systems installed on the Sindhuratna.[1,2]
Specifically, the submarine's upgrades included installation of
Club-S
cruise
missiles [NATO name
SS-NX-27 'Alfa'], a new combat control system, and modern hydroacoustic and
navigation equipment. This is the second Indian diesel
submarine to be upgraded at Zvezdochka.[3]
[1] "O bort
indiyskoy podlodki razbili kokos," RTR-Vesti Web Site,www.rtr-vesti.ru/news_print.html?id=3625,
12 April 2002. [2] Agenstvo
voyennykh novostey, 12 April 2002; in "Indian Sub Repaired in Russia Will Go
Back in August After Trials," FBIS Document CEP20020412000225. [3] ITAR-TASS, 5
April 2002; in "Indian Submarine Prepares to Leave Russian Shipyard After
Refit," FBIS Document CEP20020405000054. {Entered 5/7/2002 EF}
12/3/2001: ZVEZDOCHKA TO BUILD A MOBILE FACILITY
TO PROCESS SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTE On 3 December 2000, Zvezdochka General Director Nikolay Kalistratov said at a press conference that Zvezdochka, in
cooperation with Storvik
& Zvezdochka Norway AS, would build a mobile facility for the
initial processing of
solid radioactive waste from Northern Fleet nuclear submarines.[1] This
initial processing, which will reduce waste volume, will involve the sorting,
packing into casks, and interim storage of the solid radioactive wastes.[4] The
facility's design is being developed by the Onega Research and Design Bureau.[1]
The facility, whose modular structure makes it transportable,[2] will be
moved from one location to another to process radioactive waste right next
to a submarine.[3] It will initially be used at the
Polyarninskiy Shipyard.[4] The mobile facility is expected to be built in 12 months.
It will cost approximately $1 million, and is being funded through the
Arctic Military
Environmental Cooperation Program.[1,4]
Sources: [1] Interfax, 3 December 2001; in BBC
Monitoring Service, 4 December 2001; in "Russian-Norwegian Company to
Construct Nuclear Waste," Financial Times online edition, Global
Archive, http://globalarchive.ft.com/globalarchive/
articles.html?print=true&id=011204003595. [2] Alexei Breus, "Russian Firm Tapped
to Build Mobile Radwaste Procesoor," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 42,
No. 48, 29 November 2001. [3] "Radioactive Pollutant Processing
Facility to Be Built in Russia's North," Interfax, 20 November 2001.
[4] Vladimir Anufriyev, "Verf 'Zvezdochka' v Severodvinske izgotovit seriyu
peredvizhnykh moduley dlya obrabotki radioaktivnykh otkhodov," ITAR-TASS, 3
December 2001; in Integrum Techno, www.integrum.ru.
{Entered 1/15/2001 EF}
10/23/2001: NUCLEAR SUBMARINE REACTOR DEFUELING
FACILITY BUILT AT ZVEZDOCHKA On 23 October 2001, Zvezdochka spokesperson Nadezhda
Shcherbinina told ITAR-TASS that a facility for unloading nuclear fuel from
submarine reactors had been built at Zvezdochka. The facility will allow the
shipyard to dismantle up to 10 nuclear submarines a year. The facility was
built within the framework of the Cooperative
Threat Reduction program. According to Zvezdochka Director Nikolay
Kalistratov, its construction cost about $10 million. The facility is expected
to become operational by November 2001.
[Vladimir Anufriyev, ITAR-TASS, 23 October
2001; in "Russia Builds Facility for Unloading Used Nuclear Fuel from
Atomic Submarines," FBIS Document CEP20011023000299.] {Entered 10/26/2001
EF}
10/22/2001: ZVEZDOCHKA REPAIRS DESTROYER BESSTRASHNYY On 22 October 2001, Zvezdochka spokesperson Nadezhda Shcherbinina told
ITAR-TASS that the shipyard had completed repairs on the Besstrashnyy, a
Project 956-A Sovremennyy-class destroyer, and was preparing to hand the ship
over to the Russian Navy. It is the first large surface ship to be
repaired by Zvezdochka and, according to Shcherbinina, the shipyard may become a
permanent repair facility for this class of destroyers. [ITAR-TASS, 22 October 2001; in "Russia: Severodvinsk
Submarine Base Ready to Repair Surface Ships," FBIS Document CEP20011022000294.]
{Entered 10/26/2001 EF}
10/19/2001: LOW LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE PROCESSING
FACILITY LICENSED FOR OPERATIONS On 19 October 2001, Zvezdochka spokesperson Nadezhda
Shcherbinina told ITAR-TASS that the low-level radioactive
waste processing facility built a year ago had finally been licensed to
start operations. The facility will process both liquid and solid radioactive
wastes. Processed waste will be put into 200-liter barrels, which will be
enclosed in special containers. These containers can be used for storage, transportation,
or burial of the wastes.
[ITAR-TASS, 19 October 2001; in "Russia:
Nuclear Waste Disposal Plant Commissioned in Far Northern Region," FBIS
Document CEP20011019000213.] {Entered 26/10/2001 EF}
7/3/2001: ZVEZDOCHKA'S DISMANTLEMENT
BOTTLENECKS Participants at the conference on "Environmental
Problems of Nuclear Submarine Dismantlement" that opened in Severodvinsk on 3
July 2001 discussed problems Zvezdochka faces in its submarine dismantlement work.
Among other things, the enterprise needs a new storage area for reactor
compartments from
dismantled submarines and an area for burning combustible radioactive waste
needs reconstruction. There are also about 400t of radioactive metal on
the enterprise's territory that
have to be removed.[1] A new facility for processing low-level radioactive waste
is waiting
for a license from GAN
to begin operations.[2]
Sources: [1] "Arkhangelskaya oblast. V
Severodvinske otkrylsya seminar 'Ekologicheskiye problemy utilizatsii
podvodnykh lodok'," Pravda Severa, 3 July 2001; in Regions.ru, 3
July 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru [2] Aleksey Verteshin, Aleksandr
Yemelyanenkov, "Argumenty v polzu otkrytosti," Pravda Severa,
9 July 2001; in Region-Inform, No. 128, (445), 9 July 2001; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru.
{Entered 8/15/2001 EF}
5/22/2001: OIL DRILLING PLATFORM UNDER CONSTRUCTION
AT ZVEZDOCHKA SINKS On 22 May 2001, ITAR-TASS reported that the Arkticheskaya
oil drilling platform, which is being built at Zvezdochka, sank at the
Severodvinsk port. Zvezdochka Chief Engineer Vladimir Petrushenko said that
the accident would not slow down platform construction because
there was no financing for it during 2001 anyway.
[Vladimir Anufriyev, "Morskaya burovaya
platforma, stroyashchayasya v Severodvinske, zatonula v portu," ITAR-TASS,
22 May 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru.]
{Entered 7/20/2001 EF}
4/17/2001: ZVEZDOCHKA TO BUILD RADIOACTIVE WASTE
STORAGE CONTAINERS On 17 April 2001, the Severodvinsk broadcasting company
TVS reported that Zvezdochka had won an international tender for the construction
of 300 radioactive waste transportation and storage containers. Production of
the containers has been licensed by GAN.
Each container holds seven 200-liter
barrels that will be filled with radioactive waste. The first 100-container
batch has been already produced. The contract is expected to be fulfilled by
August 2001. The project is being financed by Norway, Russia, and the
United States through the Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation Program.
[TVS, 17 April 2001; in Vsya Rossiya, No. 68
(449), 18 April 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru.]
{Entered 8/6/2001 EF}
3/21/2001: ZVEZDOCHKA
COMPETES FOR INDIAN SUBMARINE REPAIR CONTRACT On 21 March 2001, Strana.ru reported that Zvezdochka
management is trying to make Rosoboroneksport change its decision to give Admiralteyskiye
Verfi in St. Petersburg a contract to repair the Sindhugosh, an Indian Varshavyanka [NATO name 'Kilo']
class diesel submarine.[1] According to Zvezdochka spokesperson Nadezhda
Shcherbinina, the state should support shipyard specialization and that is why the repair contract should be awarded to
Zvezdochka, which has already repaired one Indian submarine
and has one more under repair. Zvezdochka's management hopes to enlist the
support of the Ministry of Defense, the
oblast governor, and State Duma deputies in order to reverse Rosoboroneksport's
decision.[2]
Sources: [1] "Oboronnyye verfi Severodvinska i
Sankt-Peterburga boryutsya za polucheniye kontrakta na remont indiyskoy
podlodki," Strana.ru, 21 March 2001; in MA Foris, 24 March 2001; in Integrum Techno,
http://www.integrum.ru. [2] "Severodvinskiye korabely nachali
borbu za zakaz voyenno-morskogo flota Indii," Rosbalt, 22 March 2001; in
MA Foris, 24 March 2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru. {Entered 8/8/2001
EF}
2000: ZVEZDOCHKA TO MANUFACTURE
CRUISE SHIP PROPELLERS On 21 March 2001, Rossiyskaya gazeta reported
that in 2000 Zvezdochka received a large contract to manufacture cruise ship propellers for Scandinavian companies. The article also said that
Zvezdochka was awarded the exclusive right to produce oil drilling and processing
equipment for Tatneft,
a Russian oil company.
[Andrey Murashev, "A chem Plesetsk
khuzhe Kanaverala?" Rossiyskaya gazeta, No. 56 (2668), 21 March
2001; in Integrum Techno, http://www.integrum.ru.]
{Entered 8/8/2001 EF}
10/19/2000: NEW RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPROCESSING
FACILITY PUT INTO OPERATION Interfaxreported on 19 October 2000
that a new facility at Zvezdochka for reprocessing radioactive waste and spent nuclear
fuel will begin operating by the end of October. The facility will be used to
receive, sort, deactivate, compress, package, and burn radioactive solids in
special furnaces. It can also analyze and solidify liquid waste, including laundry wastewater and sea water from
submarine reactors' environmental protection systems. The facility's annual reprocessing capacity
is 4,000 cubic meters of liquid and 200 cubic meters of
solid waste.[1] Construction costs of the project, implemented within the framework of
the US-Russian Comprehensive Threat Reduction program funded by the US government, total
$17 million.[2] The facility will enable Zvezdochka to dismantle up to six SSBNs
annually.[1] The primary contractors of the project are Lockheed
Martin Energy Systems of the United States and France's Cogema Technologies.[3]
Project equipment was supplied
by SGN of
France (Société Générale pour les Techniques Nouvelles, formerly Saint
Gobain Nucléaire), Booz-Allen
& Hamilton of the United States, and the Anglo-Norwegian Kvaerner
Group.[1]
Sources: [1] "Kompleks po pererabotke OYaT v
Severodvinske nachnyet rabotu cherez nedelyu," Interfax, 19 October 2000. [2] "V Arkhangelskoy oblasti otkryt
kompleks po pererabotke radioaktivnykh otkhodov," Interfax, 19 October
2000. [3] Viktoriya Gefele "Severodvinskoye ukroshcheniye,"
Arkhangelsk, No.196, 20 October 2000; in Integrum Techno, http://integrum.ru
{Entered 1/10/2001 EH}
8/23/2000: POWER SUPPLY TO ZVEZDOCHKA CUT DUE TO
DEBTS The Arkhangelsk power company has reduced the power supply to Zvezdochka to 6MW per day due to its debts, which
exceed
43 million rubles (about $1.5 million as of 23 August 2000).
[Vladimir Anufriyev, ITAR-TASS, 23 August
2000; in "Russia: Power Supply to Nuclear Submarine Repair Shipyard Cut
Due Mounting Debts," FBIS Document CEP20000823000224.]{Entered 1/8/2001
EH}
6/8/2000: ZVEZDOCHKA REPAIRS SUBS
FOR, SELLS TUNNEL TO INDIA Murmanskiy vestnik reported on 8 June 2000
that the Indian Varshavyanka [NATO name 'Kilo'] class diesel submarine
Sindhuratna
had been sent to Zvezdochka for repairs. The Sindhuratna is the second
Indian submarine to undergo repairs in Severodvinsk. Sindhuvir,
the first Indian submarine overhauled at Zvezdochka, returned to service
in December 1999.[1,2] Zvezdochka repaired
Sindhuvir's power plant and installed a new underwater-launched missile system
for $80 million.[2,3] The repair of the Sindhuratna will provide
jobs for hundreds of Severodvinsk workers.[1] In 1999, Zvezdochka
also received an order from India for a large cavitation tunnel, which
is used to test naval equipment. In January 2000, Zvezdochka successfully
ran hydraulic tests on the cavitation tunnel; parts of the tunnel have already
been sent to India. Zvezdochka's specialists will travel to India
in 2000 to complete the tunnel.[4]
Sources: [1] "Indiyskaya podlodka prishla v
Severodvinsk na remont," Murmanskiy vestnik, 8 June 2000, p.2; in
WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost, No.70, 19 June 2000. [2] Pavel Kachur, "Sindhuvir Operational
Again," Military Parade, September-October 1999, p. 32. [3] Roman Khrapachevskiy, "Sverkhzvuk nad
morem," Izvestiya,
9 August 2000, p. 6; in WPS Oborona i Bezopasnost,
No. 93, 11 August 2000. [4] Anatoliy Popov, "U 'Zvezdochki'
delo--truba," Pravda severa, 7 March 2000; in National News Service
Web Site, http://nel.nns.ru. {Entered 8/7/00 YF} 6/7/2000: NORWAY TO AID RUSSIA
IN BUILDING SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL TRANSPORTATION SHIP AT ZVEZDOCHKA At a meeting of the Russian-Norwegian commission
on radioactive waste and security on 7 June 2000, Russia and Norway reached
an agreement to build a ship for transporting containers with spent nuclear
fuel and liquid radioactive waste. The ship will be designed, constructed,
and commissioned by 2003. Russia and Norway plan to ask other industrialized
countries to aid in building this ship, a project that is estimated to cost
$20 million. Zvezdochka will construct the vessel.
[Denis Pinchuk, ITAR-TASS, 7 June 2000; in "Russia, Norway To
Build Ship To Transport Spent Nuclear Fuel," FBIS Document CEP20000607000286.] {Entered 7/19/00
YF}
5/2000: SEVERODVINSK RESIDENTS OPPOSE STORAGE OF
SSBN REACTOR COMPARTMENTS IN THE CITY The newspaper Zelenyy mir reported that the
Severodvinsk Municipal Council and the City Environmental Committee oppose plans to
create temporary nuclear submarine reactor compartment storage facilities at
enterprises in the city. However, an
interdepartmental government commission recommended that Minatom and the
Russian Shipbuilding Agency conduct a project
feasibility study nevertheless.
["V epitsentre utilizatsii," Zelenyy
mir, No.13, May 2000, p. 3.] {Entered 1/10/2001 EH}
5/10/2000: ZVEZDOCHKA CONTAINERS TO CARRY
AND STORE LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE Vladimir Shtefan, deputy director of Zvezdochka,
told ITAR-TASS that the shipyard had completed the design and construction
of 100 containers for the transport of low-level radioactive
waste by road, rail, and ship, as well as for short-term storage. The project
is being managed and financed by the US-Russian-Norwegian Arctic
Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC) program.[1,2] According to
ITAR-TASS,
up to 1,500 containers per year will be needed.[1] AMEC projects
the construction of 1,300 containers per year.[3]
Sources: [1] "Defense Shipyard Designs Container
for Radioactive Waste," ITAR-TASS, 10 May 2000; in Russian Environmental
Digest, Vol 2, No. 19, 8-14 May 2000. [2] Andrey Korolev, "Containers for
Nuclear Submarine Wastes," Bellona Foundation Web Site, http://www.bellona.no,
22 May 2000. [3] "Factory Makes Radioactive Waste
Containers," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 19 May 2000; in Russian
Environmental Digest, Vol 2, No. 20, 15-21 May 2000. {Entered 5/23/2000,
GD} {Updated 8/29/00 YF}
1/17/2000: ADMIRAL USHAKOV TO BE REPAIRED
AT ZVEZDOCHKA Russian Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov announced on 17
January 2000 that the Orlov [NATO name 'Kirov'] class nuclear-powered battle cruiser Admiral Ushakov,
based in Severomorsk, will remain in service and is being repaired at Zvezdochka.
["Russian Navy To Keep Nuclear Cruiser
Admiral Ushakov," ITAR-TASS, 17 January 2000; in FBIS Document FTS20000117001656.]
{Entered 8/10/00 YF}
12/25/99: VERKHOTURYE SSBN REPAIRS COMPLETED For more information, see the 12/25/99
entry in the Gadzhiyevo file. {Entered
4/12/2000 CC}
4/19/99: NORWAY INVITED TO PARTICIPATE IN NUCLEAR
INSPECTION The Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and
Radiation Safety (Gosatomnadzor)
invited the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority to participate in
an inspection of liquid radioactive waste collection tanks at the Zvezdochka
shipyard. Erling Stranden, a department head at the Norwegian Authority,
said that Norway sees the inspection as a "vote of confidence." (Access
to facilities has been a problem in the past.) Stranden also said
that there is an urgent need to improve the storage tanks, since some of
them have started to leak. In the short term, an outer collection
tank keeps nuclear materials from leaking out into the environment.
["Invited to a Joint Inspection," Aftenposten,
19 April 1999; in "Joint Russian, Norwegian Nuclear Inspection," FBIS Document
FTS19990423000543, 19 April 1999.] {Entered 5/25/99 HA}
4/99: SHIPMENT OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL SETS OFF
FOR MAYAK In early April 1999, loaded with spent naval fuel
from the PM-63 service ship, the first trainload of spent naval fuel of
1999 left Severodvinsk, bound for the Mayak
Chemical Combine's reprocessing facility. Although ten trainloads
of spent fuel per year must reach Mayak in order to catch up with the increasing
amount of fuel being removed from decommissioned nuclear submarines, financial
problems and a lack of equipment have greatly limited the number of trainloads
sent. In 1998, only three trainloads of fuel traveled to Mayak, at
a cost of $1-$1.5 million each. The Russian government is supposed
to provide the funds, but the payments are consistently late. An
additional trainload of spent fuel will leave for Mayak from Severodvinsk
in May 1999, with three more trainloads slated for 1999. One train
can carry approximately 580 spent fuel assemblies, the equivalent of two
or two and a half reactor cores.
[Igor Kudrik and Alexey Klimov, "Nuclear
train leaves Severodvinsk," Bellona website, http://www.bellona.no/e/russia/nfl/news/990430.htm,
30 April 1999.] {Entered 5/25/99 HA} 1/99: SSBN DISMANTLEMENT CONTINUES AT ZVEZDOCHKA As of January 1999, the Zvezdochka State Machine
Building Enterprise had completely dismantled one SSBN and was in the process
of dismantling two more with the help of US technical and financial assistance.[1,2]
The US Department of Defense awarded Zvezdochka the $4.25 million contract
for the first submarine, which had been defueled, in March 1997.
The US intends to help fund the dismantlement a total of 15 Northern Fleet
SSBNs at the Nerpa Shipyard and at
Zvezdochka under the Strategic
Offensive Arms Elimination project of the Cooperative
Threat Reduction Program.[1] Spent fuel storage and long-term reactor
compartment storage, however, remain problems in the efforts to dismantle
Russian nuclear submarines.[1,2]
Sources: [1] James Clay Moltz, interview with
US Defense Department official, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dulles
Airport, Virginia, 14 January 1999. [2] Denis Pinchuk, "Plant Begins Scrapping
Decommissioned Nuclear Submarine," ITAR-TASS, 2 July 1998; in FBIS-UMA-98-183,
2 July 1998. {Entered 10/9/98 JET} {Updated 7/22/99 TR} 9/9/98: WORK SUSPENDED AT SEVERODVINSK SHIPYARDS As a result of growing tensions among workers, management
at both Severodvinsk nuclear shipyards has suspended work for several days
and asked workers to stay home until 14 September 1998. Although
the shipyards have provided food as partial payment, cash is lacking throughout
the city.
[Russian Public Television First
Channel Network, 9 September 1998; in "Work Suspended at Russian Nuclear
Submarine Shipyards," FBIS-UMA-98-252.] {Entered 10/9/98 JET}
2/23/98: DISMANTLEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS
PLANNED The Defense Special Weapons Agency has named Zvezdochka
as the only facility that has the information, resources, and expertise
necessary to fulfil a contract that will be awarded to improve infrastructure
for submarine dismantlement. This contract comes under the CTR Program.
["Infrastructure Improvement for Submarine
Dismantlement at Zvezdochka State Marine Steamship Company," Post-Soviet
Nuclear & Defense Monitor, 23 February 1998, p. 12.] {Entered 7/27/98
HA}
2/6-7/97: STRIKING SHIPBUILDERS DEMAND YELTSIN'S
RESIGNATION Wage arrears, federal debt to the Sevmash and Zvezdochka
shipyards, and inadequate social care prompted a two-day strike outside
of Northern Fleet command headquarters in Severodvinsk on 6 February 1997.[1,2,3]
According to Severodvinsk Deputy Mayor Vasiliy Uvarov, the federal government
owes the shipyards more than 1 trillion rubles (around $177 million) for
work already completed.[1] Other city workers joined the shipyard
employees in the strike.[1,4] Protesters circulated a petition demanding
the resignation of Russian President Yeltsin and his government.[3,4]
Sources: [1] Krasnaya zvezda, 7 February
1997; in "Informatsiya," Yaderniy kontrol, No. 28, April 1997, p.
11. [2] NTV, 6 February 1997; in "North
Fleet Ship-Repair Workers Protest Over Pay Arrears," FBIS Document FTS19970206001933. [3] NTV, 6 February 1997; in "NTV Highlights
Problems in Severodvinsk Enterprises," FBIS Document FTS19970206001936. [4] Vladislav Kuzmichev and Vladimir
Sanko, "Crisis": "The Strikers Advance Political Demands: Workers' Families
in Severodvinsk Are Being Fed Through the Use of Coupons at Plant Cafeterias,"
Nezavisimaya
gazeta, 8 February 1997; in "Severodvinsk Defense Workers Demand Government's
Resignation," FBIS Document FTS19970324001420. {Entered 8/7/97 LK} {Updated
9/15/98 JET} {Updated 7/22/99 TR}
2/96: ZVEZDOCHKA TO BUILD OIL DRILLING PLATFORMS
AS PART OF CONVERSION PROJECT The Zvezdochka facility has started constructing
a $120 million floating oil drilling platform. The facility also plans
to build the largest stationary ice-resistant platform in the world, costing
ten times more than the floating platform. The Rosshelf Joint Stock Company,
in which Gazprom has a large share, has ordered the equipment from Zvezdochka,
creating jobs for defense industry workers. The construction of drilling
platforms is part of a major conversion program at the facility.
["Defence Shipyards To Build Drill
Platforms For Arctic Seas,"
Military Industrial Complex Newsletter,
Issue 2, February 1996, p. 2.] {Entered 8/7/97 LK}
12/27/95: LACK OF FUNDS DELAYS REPAIR OF SUBMARINES The first nuclear submarine of the Delta IV-class
is under renovation at the Severodvinsk machine building facility Zvezdochka.
If no additional funds are allocated to expedite the repair works the submarine
will be ready by 2015 and another six Delta IVs could be repaired
by 2100[sic].
["Clenching Teeth And Cursing The Authorities,"
Pravda,
27 December 1995, p. 1.]
11/12/94: UNITED STATES DONATES EQUIPMENT It was reported that the United States had provided
Zvezdochka with free equipment designed for the dismantling and salvaging
of nuclear submarines.
[Vladimir Gundarov, "Russian Submarines
Will Perish In the Jaws of American 'Sharks'," Krasnaya zvezda,
12 November 1994, p. 5; in "US Donates Submarine Dismantling Equipment,"
FBIS-SOV-94-220, 12 November 1994.]
Page last updated 28 January 2004
Comments or questions? Contact Cristina
Chuen at MIIS CNS: cristina.chuen@miis.edu
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