The accelerating pace of global innovation, driven by the democratization of artificial intelligence and dozens of emerging technologies, is redefining global security—opening both unprecedented opportunities and entirely new categories of risks. 

As emerging technologies become more accessible, affordable, and convergent, they are empowering broader and more diverse actors —from non-state entities, to startups, to individuals. This shift raises major challenges for nuclear and biological security, which have historically been managed by governments through tightly controlled frameworks.